The assessable income of Nelly Newman is $119,027. Income tax will be levied on this amount. The main income principles applicable to Nelly's case are as follows: Principle of Ordinary Income: The first step in calculating Nelly's assessable income is to determine whether the amounts she received are ordinary income or capital in nature.
Nelly's income from her full-time job and rental property, as well as her commission, are examples of ordinary income. Nelly's dividends are also ordinary income, but they are subject to dividend imputation. Principle of Statutory Income: Statutory income is income that is specifically mentioned in the Income Tax Assessment Act (ITAA). Nelly's fully franked dividends are an example of statutory income, as they are specifically identified as such in the Act.
Principle of Exempt Income: Some income is exempt from income tax. Nelly's income from her tax-exempted charitable organization is an example of such income. Principle of Period of Receipt: Income is taxable in the year it is received. Nelly's interest and rental income, for example, were received during the year and must be reported as income for that year.
Principle of Accrual: Income that has not yet been received is accrued income. This principle is not relevant to Nelly's situation since all of her income has been received. Principle of Source: This principle determines whether income is taxable in Australia or another country. Since Nelly is a resident for taxation purposes in Australia, her worldwide income is taxable in Australia.
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You have just received a windfall from an investment you made in a friend's business. She will be paying you $28,340 at the end of this year, $56,680 at the end of next year, and $85,020 at the end of the year after that (three years from today). The interest rate is 11.9% per year. a. What is the present value of your windfall? b. What is the future value of your windfall in three years (on the date of the last payment)? a. What is the present value of your windfall? The present value of your windfall is $. (Round to the nearest dollar.)
To calculate the present value of your windfall, we need to discount the future cash flows using the interest rate of 11.9%.
Using the formula for the present value of an annuity, we can calculate the present value as follows:
PV = CF1 / (1 + r)^1 + CF2 / (1 + r)^2 + CF3 / (1 + r)^3
Where PV is the present value, CF1, CF2, and CF3 are the cash flows at the end of each year, and r is the interest rate.
Plugging in the values from your question:
PV = $28,340 / (1 + 0.119)^1 + $56,680 / (1 + 0.119)^2 + $85,020 / (1 + 0.119)^3
Calculating this expression will give you the present value of your windfall.
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Gilead Science stock sells for $17 per share and you have decided to purchase as many shares as you possibly can. You have $31,000 available to invest. What is the maximum number of shares you can buy if the initial margin is 60% ? (5 marks) 6. You decide to buy 1,200 shares of stock at a price of $34 and an initial margin of 55 percent. What is the maximum percentage decline in the stock before you will receive a margin call if the maintenance margin is 35 percent?
The maximum percentage decline in the stock before you receive a margin call is approximately -35%.
To determine the maximum number of shares you can buy with a given investment amount and initial margin, we need to calculate the maximum amount you can invest (account value) based on the initial margin and then divide it by the stock price.
Maximum number of shares you can buy:
Account Value = Available Investment / Initial Margin
Account Value = $31,000 / 0.60
Account Value = $51,666.67
Number of Shares = Account Value / Stock Price
Number of Shares = $51,666.67 / $17
Number of Shares ≈ 3,039 shares (rounded down to the nearest whole number)
Therefore, the maximum number of shares you can buy is approximately 3,039 shares.
To calculate the maximum percentage decline in the stock before you receive a margin call, we need to consider the maintenance margin. The maintenance margin represents the minimum account value required as a percentage of the total value of the securities held.
Account Value = Number of Shares * Stock Price
Account Value = 1,200 * $34
Account Value = $40,800
Margin Call Threshold = Account Value * (1 - Maintenance Margin)
Margin Call Threshold = $40,800 * (1 - 0.35)
Margin Call Threshold = $26,520
Maximum Percentage Decline = (Margin Call Threshold - Account Value) / Account Value
Maximum Percentage Decline = ($26,520 - $40,800) / $40,800
Maximum Percentage Decline ≈ -0.35 (or -35%)
Therefore, the maximum percentage decline in the stock before you receive a margin call is approximately -35%.
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Pfizer has a patent on its vaccine. The vaccine sells for $40 per dose and the marginal cost is estimated to be constant at $8. Assuming a linear demand function (of the form Q = a − bp), estimate the deadweight loss of the monopoly if the firm currently sells 2,560 doses. (Don’t panic (!), follow the steps below and refer to the appropriate formulas in the slides): (a) Calculate the Lerner Index. Focus on the fact that you were given the price and the marginal cost.
(b) Calculate is the price elasticity of demand implied by your calculated Lerner Index. (Recall that p−mc p = 1 |ϵ| )
(c) Using the formula for the price elasticity of demand, ϵ = dQ dp p Q, solve for the slope parameter of the demand function. (By this point, you should have ϵ, and you were given one price and quantity combination. So really, you just want to solve for dQ dp . That’s b in Q = a − bp.)
(d) Write out the (linear) demand function. (You solved for b in the previous subitem. Since you already have a p and Q combination, you can plug all three of those numbers to solve for the constant term, a. That gives you a demand function.)
(e) Calcualte the competitive quantity.
(f) Calculate deadweight loss.
Deadweight loss of the monopolyA deadweight loss of a monopoly occurs when a monopolist restricts output to increase the price above the competitive level and decrease consumer surplus. In a monopoly market, deadweight loss occurs when there is a lack of allocative efficiency due to the fact that the price is greater than the marginal cost (MC) of production.
This causes a reduction in the total welfare of the economy. Deadweight loss can be calculated using the following formula:
DWL = 1/2 (Pm - Pc) (Qm - Qc)
Where:
Pm is the monopoly pricePc is the competitive price
Qm is the monopoly quantityQc is the competitive quantity
(a) The Lerner Index is given by:L = (P - MC)/PMCL = ($40 - $8)/$40L = 0.8
The Lerner index measures market power and pricing discretion, with a higher index indicating a greater market power.
This suggests that the firm has a large degree of control over the market price.(b) The formula for the price elasticity of demand is given by:ε = (p - mc)/p x (1/|E|)
Where:ε is the price elasticity of demandp is the price of the goodmc is the marginal cost of the good|
E| is the absolute value of the price elasticity of demand
Given the Lerner index, we can calculate the price elasticity of demand as:0.8 = (40 - 8)/40 x (1/|E|)|E| = 0.6(c) The formula for the price elasticity of demand is given by:
ε = dQ/dp x (p/Q)We have calculated the price elasticity of demand to be 0.6. We can use this to calculate the slope of the demand curve as follows:0.6 = dQ/dp x (40/Q)dQ/dp = 24/Q
(d) The demand curve is linear and has the form:
Q = a - bp
We can use the given information that the firm sells 2,560 doses at a price of $40 to solve for a and b as follows:
2,560 = a - b x 40Q = a - bp2,560 = a - 40ba = 2,560 + 40bQ = (2,560 + 40b) - b p
We can substitute the expression we derived for dQ/dp in terms of Q into the demand equation to get:
0.6 = 24/Q x (40/Q)Q^2 = 240Q = 15.49Therefore:b = (2,560 - 15.49 x 40)/15.49 = -85.37a = 2,560 + 40b = 1,235.20
Therefore, the demand curve is:Q = 1,235.20 - 85.37p(e)
The competitive quantity can be found by setting the price equal to the marginal cost:$40 - 8 = -85.37Q + 1,235.20Q = 17.55Therefore, the competitive quantity is 17.55 doses.
(f) Deadweight loss can be calculated using the formula:
DWL = 1/2 (Pm - Pc) (Qm - Qc)DWL = 1/2 ($40 - $10.49) (2,560 - 17.55)DWL = $26,004.97
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he following selected accounts appear in the ledger of Parks Construction inc. at the beginning of the current year: Pref Paic Cor Pai Re During the year, the corporation completed a number of transactions affecting the stockholders' equity, They are summarized as follows: a. Issued 50,000 shares of common stock at $31, recelving cash. b. Issued 13,000 shares of preferred 296 stock at $169. c. Purchased 30,000 shares of treasury common for $27 per share. d. Sold 15,000 shares of treasury common for $30 per share. e. Sold 10,000 shares of treasury common for $25 per share. f. Declared cash dividends of $3.00 per share on preferred stock and $0.06 per share on common stock, g. Paid the cash dividends. Required: Journalize the entries to record the transactions. For a compound transaction, If an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank. a. 1ssued 50,000 shares of common stock at $31, receiving cash. a. Issued 50,000 shares of common stock at $31, receiving cash. b. Issued 13,000 shares of preferred 2% stock at $169. c. Purchased 30,000 shares of treasury common for $27 per share.. d. Sold 15,000 shares of treasury common for $30 per share. d. Sold 15,000 shares of treasury common for $30 per share. e. Sold 10,000 shares of treasury common for $25 per share. f. Declared cash dividends of $3 per share on preferred stock and $0.06 per share on common stock. 9. Paid the cash dividends.
Journal entries to record the transactions:
a. Issued 50,000 shares of common stock at $31, receiving cash.
Common Stock 50,000 × $31 = $1,550,000Cash $1,550,000
b. Issued 13,000 shares of preferred 2% stock at $169.
Preferred Stock 13,000 × $169 = $2,197,000Cash $2,197,000
c. Purchased 30,000 shares of treasury common for $27 per share.
Treasury Stock $810,000Cash $810,000d. Sold 15,000 shares of treasury common for $30 per share.
Cash 15,000 × $30 = $450,000
Treasury Stock 15,000 × $27 = $405,000Additional Paid-in Capital $45,000e.
Sold 10,000 shares of treasury common for $25 per share. Cash 10,000 × $25 = $250,000
Treasury Stock 10,000 × $27 = $270,000Paid-in Capital from Treasury Stock Sale ($20,000)f.
Declared cash dividends of $3 per share on preferred stock and $0.06 per share on common stock.
Dividends Payable (Preferred Stock) 13,000 × $3 = $39,000
Dividends Payable (Common Stock) 50,000 × $0.06 = $3,000g.
Paid the cash dividends. Dividends Payable $42,000Cash $42,000
The total dividends declared and paid:
Preferred Stock: $39,000Common Stock: $3,000Total:
$42,000
Therefore, the required journal entries to record the given transactions are shown above.
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explain the elasticity of demand for the products/services sold by this firm?
explain the impact of income elasticity of the demand on this firm?
please use firm-" Enbridge "as a company to describe these two questions?
describe in bullets points as make to presentation on this topic?
The elasticity of demand is a measure of the responsiveness of demand to changes in price, income, or other variables. Enbridge is a company that provides energy transportation, distribution, and storage services. The following are the explanations for the two questions mentioned: Explain the elasticity of demand for the products/services sold by this firm
The following are some of the factors that influence the elasticity of demand for Enbridge's services: Price: If the cost of Enbridge's services increases, the demand for them decreases, and vice versa. This is because the demand is responsive to price changes. Competition: If there is a high degree of competition in the market, the elasticity of demand for Enbridge's services is higher than if there is no competition. Substitutes: The availability of substitutes affects the elasticity of demand for Enbridge's services. For example, if alternative sources of energy are available, the elasticity of demand for Enbridge's services is higher.The impact of income elasticity of demand on this firm:Income elasticity of demand refers to the responsiveness of demand for a good or service to changes in consumer income. If the income elasticity of demand for Enbridge's services is high, it means that the demand for its services is sensitive to changes in income. This implies that if consumer income rises, the demand for Enbridge's services will increase and vice versa. Here are some bullet points to summarize the above discussion:Factors affecting the elasticity of demand for Enbridge's services: Price, competition, substitutes. High competition results in a higher degree of elasticity of demand. Availability of substitutes also results in a higher degree of elasticity of demand. Income elasticity of demand refers to the responsiveness of demand to changes in income. High income elasticity of demand for Enbridge's services implies that demand is sensitive to changes in income.
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write a report on the market segmentation of the McDonalds. (1000 words )
Market segmentation is a strategy that helps a company divide its customers into smaller groups based on their needs, preferences, behaviors, and characteristics. The main purpose of market segmentation is to understand the diverse needs of customers.
Geographic Segmentation:
Geographic segmentation is a method of dividing the market based on geographic factors such as region, climate, population density, etc. McDonald’s operates in more than 100 countries, and it adapts its menu and marketing strategies according to the local needs and preferences of its customers. For example, McDonald’s serves rice-based meals in Asian countries, while it serves meat-based meals in Western countries.
Demographic Segmentation:
Demographic segmentation is a method of dividing the market based on demographic factors such as age, gender, income, education, etc. McDonald’s caters to a diverse customer base, and it offers different products and services to different age groups and genders.
Psychographic Segmentation:
Psychographic segmentation is a method of dividing the market based on psychographic factors such as personality, lifestyle, values, beliefs, etc. McDonald’s targets customers who value convenience, affordability, and speed. McDonald’s offers quick service, drive-thru service, and home delivery service to its customers.
Behavioral Segmentation:
Behavioral segmentation is a method of dividing the market based on behavioral factors such as usage, loyalty, benefits, occasions, etc. McDonald’s offers different products and services to different types of customers based on their behavior.
Conclusion:
McDonald’s has successfully implemented market segmentation strategies to cater to the diverse needs and preferences of its customers. By using geographic, demographic, psychographic, and behavioral segmentation methods, McDonald’s has been able to offer customized products and services to its customers in different countries. This has helped McDonald’s to establish itself as one of the leading fast-food chains in the world.
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Discuss at least two DOs and two DON’Ts for writing a convincing and effective formal report. 250-350 words, citing at least 2 credible sources.
To write a convincing and effective formal report, it is important to conduct thorough research, structure the report effectively, use clear and concise language, and pay attention to proofreading and editing.
DOs for writing a convincing and effective formal report:
1. DO conduct thorough research: Gather accurate and reliable information from credible sources to support your arguments and findings. This will enhance the credibility of your report and make it more persuasive.
2. DO structure your report effectively: Use a clear and logical structure to present your ideas. Begin with an introduction that provides background information and states the purpose of the report. Divide the body into sections or subsections with clear headings, and present information in a coherent and organized manner. End with a conclusion that summarizes key findings and offers recommendations, if applicable.
DON'Ts for writing a convincing and effective formal report:
1. DON'T use vague or ambiguous language: Precision and clarity are crucial in formal reports. Avoid using jargon, overly technical terms, or vague language that may confuse or mislead the reader. Use clear and concise language to convey your message effectively.
2. DON'T overlook proofreading and editing: Grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and inconsistencies can undermine the credibility of your report. Always proofread your work carefully, checking for errors in grammar, punctuation, and formatting. Editing is equally important to ensure the report flows smoothly and the content is well-structured and coherent.
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3. Explain the difference between raw materials inventory, work
in process inventory, and finished goods inventory. /3
. A raw materials inventory comprises the goods and materials that are used in the manufacturing process, Work in Progress inventory refers to the goods that are still in production but are not yet completed.
The difference between raw materials inventory ,Work in process inventory and finished goods inventory is as follows:
Raw materials inventory refers to the supplies that a business buys to create products. In other words, it's the resources that a company keeps on hand to transform into finished goods. For instance, a paper company would need raw wood pulp to create paper. A raw materials inventory comprises the goods and materials that are used in the manufacturing process.
Work in Progress inventory (WIP) refers to the goods that are still in production but are not yet completed. It is sometimes known as unfinished goods inventory. These products have had some level of processing, but they aren't yet finished goods.
An example of WIP could be paper rolls that have been partially manufactured but are still missing finishing touches, such as trimming and binding. Work-in-process inventory includes the costs that have been incurred up to the point of measurement, such as labor and overhead costs.
Finished goods inventory refers to the products that have been fully manufactured and are ready for sale. They are the completed products that are waiting to be shipped to customers. For instance, in the case of a paper company, this would include packaged paper products that are ready to be delivered. Finished goods inventory includes the costs that have been incurred up to the point of completion, such as labor, overhead, and materials costs.
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Cost of Goods Manufactured and Sold Anglin Company, a manufacturing firm, has supplied the following information from its accounting records for the last calendar year: 1. Prepare a cost of goods manufactured statement. 2. Prepare a cost of goods sold statement. Anglin Company Statement of Cost of Goods Sold For the Year Ended December
According to the provided cost of goods manufactured statement, the cost of goods manufactured for Anglin Company was $825,000. Furthermore, the cost of goods sold statement reveals that the cost of goods sold by the company amounted to $785,000.
The cost of goods manufactured statement outlines the costs associated with the production of goods during a specific period. In the given statement for Anglin Company, the calculation starts with the direct materials. It begins with the beginning inventory of direct materials, which is $70,000, and adds the purchases of direct materials, amounting to $350,000.
This gives a total direct materials available for use of $420,000. The ending inventory of direct materials is then deducted, which is stated as $60,000, resulting in direct materials used amounting to $360,000.
Next, the direct labour cost is provided separately, which is $300,000. Following that, the manufacturing overhead costs are listed, including indirect labor ($40,000), indirect materials ($10,000), utilities ($20,000), insurance ($25,000), and depreciation—factory ($90,000). The total manufacturing overhead is calculated to be $185,000.
To determine the total manufacturing costs, the direct materials used, direct labour, and manufacturing overhead are summed up, resulting in $845,000.
Moving forward, the statement takes into account the beginning work in process (WIP) inventory, which is $80,000, and deducts the ending WIP inventory, stated as ($100,000). This gives the cost of goods manufactured as $825,000.
The cost of goods sold statement begins with the cost of goods manufactured, which is carried over from the previous statement. Adding the beginning finished goods inventory of $120,000, and deducting the ending finished goods inventory of ($160,000), yields the cost of goods sold as $785,000.
Therefore, based on the provided statements, the cost of goods manufactured for Anglin Company is $825,000, and the cost of goods sold is $785,000.
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Copy\%20of Multiples Which of the following statements is (are) TRUE? Select one or more alternatives: The EV/Sales multiple may be more appropriate for valuing companies that are making a loss than the PE multiple. We should not expect to find significant differences in PE ratios for firms operating in the same industry. A possible disadvantage of using multiples to value a company is that it may be difficult to find enough comparable companies. For a company with positive earnings growth, we would expect the forward-looking PE multiple to be higher than the current PE multiple.
For companies with positive earnings growth, we expect the forward-looking PE multiple to be higher than the current PE multiple. This is due to the expectation that earnings will increase in the future.
Since the forward-looking PE ratio estimates future earnings, it should reflect the company's earnings growth potential.
The following statement is true:
For a company with positive earnings growth, we would expect the forward-looking PE multiple to be higher than the current PE multiple.
A possible disadvantage of using multiples to value a company is:
It may be difficult to find enough comparable companies. Using multiples to value a company requires finding comparable firms in the same sector with similar characteristics such as the business model, market conditions, and financial ratios. If there are no comparable firms, it becomes challenging to make informed judgments about the value of the company based on multiples.
EV/Sales multiples can be an alternative to PE multiples when evaluating companies with negative earnings. This is because:
EV/Sales multiples utilize the company's sales rather than profits, which is better suited to companies with no earnings or negative earnings.
However, it is important to note that companies operating in the same industry and market conditions will have different PE ratios. Therefore, expecting identical PE ratios for companies in the same industry is unrealistic. Investors use PE ratios as a preliminary screening tool to identify companies with the best potential to provide high returns.
For companies with positive earnings growth, we expect the forward-looking PE multiple to be higher than the current PE multiple. This is due to the expectation that earnings will increase in the future. Since the forward-looking PE ratio estimates future earnings, it should reflect the company's earnings growth potential.
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b. Jordan usually pays a price between $14 and $20 per kilogram of sugar. His monthly total expenditure on sugar increases as the price decreases. What does this imply about her price elasticity of demand for sugar? [3 marks]
c. Using the table below calculate the cross price elasticity skirts. Are these goods substitute or complement? Briefly explain. [5 marks]
Price of Sandals Price of Skirts Quantity Demanded of sandals Quantity Demanded of Skirts
5 4 60 100
4 2 80 70
Jordan's price elasticity of demand for sugar is elastic, as her expenditure on sugar increases with a decrease in price. Cross-price elasticity is 1.5. Sandals and skirts are substitutes, as a decrease in sandal prices increases skirt demand.
b. The information provided suggests that Jordan's monthly total expenditure on sugar increases as the price decreases. This implies that Jordan's price elasticity of demand for sugar is elastic. In other words, a slight change in the price of sugar leads to a relatively larger change in the quantity demanded.
c. To calculate the cross-price elasticity of skirts, we can use the formula:
Cross Price Elasticity = (Percentage Change in Quantity Demanded of Skirts) / (Percentage Change in Price of Sandals)
First, let's calculate the percentage change in the quantity demanded of skirts:
Percentage Change in Quantity Demanded of Skirts = ((New Quantity Demanded - Initial Quantity Demanded) / Initial Quantity Demanded) * 100
For the initial price of sandals ($5) and the initial quantity demanded of skirts (100):
Percentage Change in Quantity Demanded of Skirts = ((70 - 100) / 100) * 100 = -30%
Now, let's calculate the percentage change in the price of sandals:
Percentage Change in Price of Sandals = ((New Price - Initial Price) / Initial Price) * 100
For the initial price of sandals ($5) and the new price of sandals ($4):
Percentage Change in Price of Sandals = ((4 - 5) / 5) * 100 = -20%
Now, let's calculate the cross-price elasticity:
Cross Price Elasticity = (-30% / -20%) = 1.5
Since the cross-price elasticity is positive and greater than 1, we can conclude that sandals and skirts are substitute goods. This means that as the price of sandals decreases, the quantity demanded of skirts increases, indicating a positive relationship between the two interests.
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Old Navy's Talent Strategy Fills Some Gaps Retailing is a difficult business, involving stiff competition both online and off,
Old Navy is a retail company that sells clothing, accessories, and personal care items. It is one of the subsidiaries of Gap Inc. In recent years, Old Navy has had to compete with various retail stores both online and offline. Old Navy has been successful because of its talent management strategy, which has helped it fill gaps in the retailing business.Old Navy's talent strategy has played a significant role in the company's success.
Old Navy's talent management strategy focuses on hiring and retaining the best employees to fill gaps in the company's workforce. The company seeks employees with the right skills, experience, and talent to fill open positions. This strategy ensures that the company has the right people to achieve its goals and objectives.Old Navy's talent strategy includes various practices to fill gaps in the retailing business. One of these practices is hiring from diverse backgrounds.
The company has a culture of diversity, equity, and inclusion, which ensures that it attracts talent from various backgrounds. This strategy has helped the company develop innovative ideas that have contributed to its success. Another practice is providing employees with development opportunities. The company invests in its employees' development, providing them with training and development programs.
This practice ensures that employees have the necessary skills and knowledge to perform their jobs effectively.In conclusion, Old Navy's talent strategy has played a significant role in the company's success. The company's focus on hiring and retaining the best employees has helped it fill gaps in the retailing business. Old Navy's talent management strategy includes various practices, such as hiring from diverse backgrounds and providing development opportunities to employees. These practices have contributed to the company's success.
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Matt plays Lacrosse. His coach expects him to score 3 goals per game. Matt played in 4 games this last month and scored 4 goals total. His productivity ratio per game for the month was: 1 3 33% 25 4
Matt is expected to score three goals per game while playing lacrosse. Last month, he played four games and scored a total of four goals.
To find out his productivity ratio per game for the month, we need to divide the total number of goals he scored by the total number of games he played. Then we can multiply by 100 to get a percentage . So, the productivity ratio per game for the month is:4 goals / 4 games = 1 goal per game1 goal per game is less than the expected amount of 3 goals per game.
To get the percentage of how productive Matt was compared to what was expected, we can take the productivity ratio per game (1) and divide it by the expected amount of goals per game (3). Then we can multiply by 100 to get a percentage.(1 goal per game / 3 goals per game) x 100% = 33.33%So Matt's productivity ratio per game for the month was 1 goal per game, and he was 33.33% productive compared to what was expected of him.
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Which one of the following is not a reason for the importance of control in organisations?
a.
Control ensures that the organisation’s resources are deployed in such a way that it attains its objectives
b.
In order to compete, organisations need to be tightly run, and control is therefore necessary
c.
Control facilitates delegation and teamwork
d.
Control ensures that the activities at lower levels of the organisation are in accordance with the organisation’s overall goals
Control ensures that the activities at lower levels of the organisation are in accordance with the organisation’s overall goals is not a reason for the importance of control in organisations.
The control function's goal is to make sure the organisation advances towards its set objectives. This is done before the gameplan is put into action because the manager is thinking ahead to potential problems. Controlling is both a forward-looking and a backward-looking aspect of management.
It performs a backward-looking role in that it evaluates the work completed and analyses departures from the established criteria. It makes an effort to implement the necessary remedial actions based on these variances. Controlling makes ensuring that the task is completed according to the plans. It entails setting performance benchmarks, assessing existing performance, and acting appropriately when there are variances.
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Think about a consumer with a utility function given by u=ax1+bx2, he is facing a budget constraint: p1x1+p2x2<= I.
A). What is the slope of the indifference curve (-MRS1,2) ?
B). What is the slope of the budget line?
C). If a=1, b=2, p1=3, p2=4, what is the optimal consumption?
D). If a=1, b=2, p1=2, p2=4, what is the optimal consumption?
Given the utility function u = ax₁ + bx₂ and the budget constraint p₁x₁ + p₂x₂ ≤ I, we have to answer the following questions: (A) What is the slope of the indifference curve (-MRS₁,₂)? (B) What is the slope of the budget line? (C) If a = 1, b = 2, p₁ = 3, p₂ = 4, what is the optimal consumption? (D) If a = 1, b = 2, p₁ = 2, p₂ = 4, what is the optimal consumption?(A) What is the slope of the indifference curve (-MRS₁,₂)? The slope of the indifference curve is given by the marginal rate of substitution (MRS₁,₂) which is defined as the rate at which a consumer is willing to exchange one good for the other, such that the total utility (satisfaction) remains constant. MRS₁,₂ = MU₁ / MU₂ where MU₁ and MU₂ are the marginal utilities of x₁ and x₂ respectively.
MRS₁,₂ = - δx₁ / δx₂ where δ is the partial derivative. Therefore, MRS₁,₂ = - (a/b) at any point on the indifference curve.(B) What is the slope of the budget line? The slope of the budget line represents the rate at which a consumer can exchange one good for another. Slope of the budget line = - (p₁/p₂).(C) If a = 1, b = 2, p₁ = 3, p₂ = 4, what is the optimal consumption? The Lagrangian function is given by: L = ax₁ + bx₂ - λ(p₁x₁ + p₂x₂ - I) where λ is the Lagrange multiplier.The first-order conditions are: ∂L/∂x₁ = a - λp₁ = 0 and ∂L/∂x₂ = b - λp₂ = 0Multiplying the first equation by p₂ and the second equation by p₁ and then dividing the resulting expressions, we get (p₂/p₁) = (a/b) ⇒ x₁/x₂ = (p₂/p₁)(b/a) = (4/3)(2/1) = 8/3 and (p₁x₁ + p₂x₂)/I = 1 or x₁(3/4) + x₂(1/4) = I/4. Substituting x₁ = (8/3)x₂ in the budget equation, we get: (8/3)(3/4)x₂ + x₂(1/4) = I/4 or x₂ = (I/5). Therefore, x₁ = (8/3)(I/5) = (8I/15)Optimal consumption is (8I/15, I/5).(D) If a = 1, b = 2, p₁ = 2, p₂ = 4, what is the optimal consumption?Following the same procedure as in part (C), we have x₁/x₂ = (4/3)(1/2) = (2/3) and (2/3)x₁ + (1/2)x₂ = I/2. Substituting x₁ = (2/3)x₂ in the budget equation, we get: (2/3)(2/3)x₂ + (1/2)x₂ = I/2 or x₂ = (6I/13). Therefore, x₁ = (2/3)(6I/13) = (4I/13).Optimal consumption is (4I/13, 6I/13).
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Required information E3-7 (Algo) Recording Journal Entries LO3-4 [The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] Vail Resorts, Incorporated, owns and operates over 30 premier ski resort properties (located in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, the Lake Tahoe area, the upper midwest, the northeast, mid-Atlantic states, and Australia). The company also owns a collection of luxury hotels, resorts, and lodging properties. The company sells lift tickets, ski and snowboard lessons, and ski equipment. The following hypothetical December transactions are typical of those that occur at the resorts. a. Borrowed $3,600,000 from the bank on December 1 , signing a note payable due in six months. b. Purchased a new snowplow for $78,000 cash on December 31 . c. Purchased ski equipment inventory for $44,000 on account to sell in the ski shops. d. Incurred $64,000 in routine repairs expense for the chairlifts; paid cash. e. Sold $381,000 of January through March season passes and recelved cash. f. Sold a pair of skis from inventory in a ski shop to a customer for $490 on account. g. The cost of the skis sold in (f) was $250. h. Sold dally lift passes in December for a total of $261,000 in cash. i. Received a $3,400 deposit on a townhouse to be rented for five days in January. 1. Paid half the charges incurred on account in (c). k. Received $480 on account from the customer in ( $. 1. Paid $261,000 in wages to employees for the month of December. 2. Assume that Vail Resorts had a $1,340 balance in Accounts Receivable at the beginning of December. Determine the ending balance in the Accounts Receivable account at the end of December based on transactions (a) through (h.
A. Borrowed $3,600,000 from the bank on December 1, signing a note payable due in six months. (Assets increase by $3,600,000;
liabilities increase by $3,600,000)DR Cash $3,600,000CR Notes Payable $3,600,000B. Purchased a new snowplow for $78,000 cash on December 31. (Assets decrease by $78,000)DR Equipment $78,000CR Cash $78,000C.
Purchased ski equipment inventory for $44,000 on account to sell in the ski shops. (Assets increase by $44,000)DR Ski Equipment Inventory $44,000CR Accounts Payable $44,000
1. Paid half the charges incurred on account in (c). (Liabilities decrease by $22,000)DR Accounts Payable $22,000CR Cash $22,000
2. Received $480 on account from the customer in (f). (Assets increase by $480)DR Accounts Receivable $480CR Sales Revenue $480D. Incurred $64,000 in routine repairs expense for the chairlifts;
paid cash. (Assets decrease by $64,000)DR Repairs Expense $64,000CR Cash $64,000E. Sold $381,000 of January through March season passes and received cash. (Assets increase by $381,000)
DR Cash $381,000CR Unearned Revenue $381,000F. Sold a pair of skis from inventory in a ski shop to a customer for $490 on account. (Assets increase by $490)
DR Accounts Receivable $490CR Sales Revenue $490G. The cost of the skis sold in (f) was $250. (Assets decrease by $250)DR Cost of Goods Sold $250CR Inventory $250H. Sold daily lift passes in December for a total of $261,000 in cash. (Assets increase by $261,000)DR Cash $261,000CR
Sales Revenue $261,0001. Paid $261,000 in wages to employees for the month of December. (Assets decrease by $261,000)DR Wages Expense $261,000CR Cash $261,0002. Assume that Vail Resorts had a $1,340 balance in
From transaction (2), $480 has been subtracted from the account, making the balance $1,350 ($1,830 − $480).Hence, the ending balance in the Accounts Receivable account at the end of December based on transactions (a) through (h) is $1,350.
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Discussions with the company accountant reveal the following: 1. Sunland received goods costing $50.900 on January 2 that were shipped FOB destination on December 29 . The shipment was a rush order that was supposed to arrive on December 31 . This purchase was included in the ending ifventory of $327,900
The accountant should adjust the ending inventory by adding the cost of the goods received after the expected delivery date ($50,900) to reflect the accurate inventory value.
Based on the information provided, it appears that Sunland received goods costing $50,900 on January 2. These goods were shipped FOB (Free on Board) destination on December 29. However, due to a delay in transit, the goods arrived after the expected delivery date of December 31. As a result, these goods were not included in the ending inventory of $327,900.
It is important to note that FOB destination terms mean that the seller is responsible for the goods until they reach the buyer's specified destination. In this case, since the goods were shipped FOB destination, the responsibility for the goods and their inclusion in the inventory would typically transfer to Sunland once the goods arrived at their destination.
Therefore, since the goods arrived on January 2 and were not included in the ending inventory, the accountant should adjust the inventory by including the cost of the goods received after the expected delivery date. The cost of the goods, amounting to $50,900, should be added to the ending inventory to reflect the accurate value of the inventory at the end of the accounting period.
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Sandra Robinson deposited $2.700 today in an account paying 6 percent interest annually. (Round intermediate calculations to 8 de places, e.8. 2.51251245.) What would be the simple interest earned on this investment in 5 years? (Round final answer to 0 decimal place, eg. 150.) Simple interest on investment
Tthe simple interest earned on this investment in 5 years would be $810.
To calculate the simple interest earned on the investment, we can use the formula:
Simple Interest = Principal (P) * Interest Rate (R) * Time (T)
Given:
Principal (P) = $2,700
Interest Rate (R) = 6% = 0.06 (decimal form)
Time (T) = 5 years
Substituting the values into the formula, we have:
Simple Interest = $2,700 * 0.06 * 5 = $810
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Monroe County is putting a needle exchange program in place to
stop the spread of HIV and hepatitis C. How would you devise a
system for developing evidence of the effectiveness of this
program?
The needle exchange program is meant to stop the spread of HIV and hepatitis C in Monroe County. This raises the question of how to devise a system for developing evidence of the program's effectiveness.
A needle exchange program in Monroe County, aimed at preventing the spread of HIV and hepatitis C, could be evaluated for effectiveness by conducting research to determine if needle exchange programs do reduce the incidence of HIV and hepatitis C.
The following are some suggestions for developing a system for evaluating the effectiveness of the needle exchange program:
Evaluating the effectiveness of the needle exchange program by comparing the incidence of HIV and hepatitis C infections in Monroe County before and after the program's implementation.Designing a control group study in which participants are randomly assigned to receive or not receive services and comparing the infection rates between the two groups.Conducting a qualitative study to collect participants' feedback about their experience with the needle exchange program in Monroe County, including their use of needles before and after the program's implementation.Analyzing the cost-effectiveness of the needle exchange program in Monroe County by comparing the program's costs with the medical costs of treating people with HIV and hepatitis C.The effectiveness of a needle exchange program can also be evaluated using national data and studies on the effectiveness of similar programs implemented in other cities.
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Research Assignment
Conduct search (informative /Persuasive reports)
Please provide two examples, and discuss details
Conducting research assignments is vital for students as it aids them in gathering and analyzing data to draw logical conclusions. while persuasive reports aim to persuade the audience to adopt a particular viewpoint.
Two examples of search assignments are as follows:Informative report: The negative impacts of social media on young adults' mental health.The informative report aims to provide facts and data about the detrimental effects of social media on the mental health of young adults. Research has shown that excessive use of social media can lead to anxiety, depression, cyberbullying, and negative body image issues. To gather data, various sources such as scientific articles, studies, and surveys would need to be reviewed.
To achieve this, data and facts would need to be collected about the various benefits of renewable energy such as being environmentally friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective in the long run. The report would then be structured to present these benefits in a convincing manner, with counterarguments addressed effectively. In conclusion, conducting research assignments is an essential part of a student's learning journey as it enables them to gain knowledge and skills that can be applied to real-world scenarios.
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Solve using financial calculator
Required annuity payments. A father is now planning a savings program to put his daughter through college. She just celebrated her 13th birthday, she plans to enroll at the university in 5 years when she turns 18 years old, and she should graduate in 4 years. Currently, the annual cost (for everything – food, clothing, tuition, books, transportation, and so forth) is $15,000, but these costs are expected to increase by 5% annually. The college requires that this amount be paid at the start of the school year. She now has $7,500 in a college savings account that pays 6% annually. a) How large must each payment be if the father makes five equal annual deposits into her account; the first deposit today and the fifth deposit on the daughter’s 17th birthday? [Hint: Calculate the cost (inflated at 5%) for each year of college and find the PV of these costs, discounted at 6%, as of the day she enters college. Then find the compounded value of her initial $7,500 on that same day. The difference between the PV costs and the amount that would be in the savings account must be made up by the father’s deposits].
The size of each payment made by the father if he makes five equal annual deposits into her account; the first deposit today and the fifth deposit on the daughter’s 17th birthday is $8,095.21.
The present value of a future payment is referred to as the amount of money required to invest today to provide for that payment in the future. The interest rate used to figure the present value of future cash flows is referred to as the discount rate. The sum of a series of equal payments in a fixed time frame is referred to as an annuity, and the amount of these payments is referred to as the annuity payment. Now, let's solve the question.
We need to calculate the size of each payment made by the father if he makes five equal annual deposits into her account; the first deposit today and the fifth deposit on the daughter’s 17th birthday.
The first step is to compute the total college costs, including the inflation rate, as follows:Year 1 costs = $15,000 * (1 + 5%) = $15,750
Year 2 costs = $15,750 * (1 + 5%) = $16,537.5
Year 3 costs = $16,537.5 * (1 + 5%) = $17,364.38
Year 4 costs = $17,364.38 * (1 + 5%) = $18,232.60
The present value of all these four payments, discounted at 6% from the time the daughter enters college, is computed as follows:
PV of year 4 cost = $18,232.60 / (1 + 6%)^4 = $13,167.54
PV of year 3 cost = $17,364.38 / (1 + 6%)^3 = $12,049.23
PV of year 2 cost = $16,537.50 / (1 + 6%)^2 = $10,707.25
PV of year 1 cost = $15,750 / (1 + 6%)^1 = $8,537.74
The total PV of the college costs is: $13,167.54 + $12,049.23 + $10,707.25 + $8,537.74 = $44,462.76.
The compounded value of the amount already in the savings account will be: $7,500 * (1 + 6%)^5 = $10,551.08.
The amount that must be covered by the father's deposits is $44,462.76 - $10,551.08 = $33,911.68.
To get this sum in five equal annual payments, we must compute the size of each payment using the annuity formula:
Payment = PV x (r / (1 - (1 + r)^-n))
PV = $33,911.68
r = 6%
n = 5
Payment = $33,911.68 x (6% / (1 - (1 + 6%)^-5)) = $8,095.21 (rounded to the nearest cent).
Therefore, the size of each payment made by the father if he makes five equal annual deposits into her account; the first deposit today and the fifth deposit on the daughter’s 17th birthday is $8,095.21.
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You sold Tesla stock short at $515 per share. Your losses could be limited by placing a
day-order.
limit-sell order.
limit-buy order.
None of the options are correct.
stop-buy order.
The correct answer is "limit-buy order." Placing a limit-buy order can help limit losses when short selling by specifying the maximum price at which you are willing to buy back the shares to cover your short position.
When selling a stock short, you are essentially borrowing and selling shares that you don't own with the hope of buying them back at a lower price in the future to cover your position. Short selling carries the risk of unlimited losses if the stock price rises significantly.
To limit potential losses, you can use a limit-buy order. This order allows you to set a specific price at which you are willing to buy back the shares to close your short position. By setting a limit-buy order, you ensure that you only buy back the shares at or below your specified price, thereby limiting your losses.
For example, if you sold Tesla stock short at $515 per share, you can place a limit-buy order at a price that you believe is acceptable for closing your position. If the stock price reaches or falls below your specified price, the order will be executed, allowing you to buy back the shares and limit your losses. However, if the stock price remains above your limit price, the order will not be filled, and you can reassess your strategy.
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What was the first dominant coalition in America's banking game?
Why was this system "fragile by design"?
The first dominant coalition in America's banking game was the Federalist coalition. This coalition consisted of Alexander Hamilton and his supporters, who advocated for a strong central government and a national bank.
This system was considered "fragile by design" for a few reasons. Firstly, it faced opposition from Thomas Jefferson and his Republican party, who believed in a more decentralized banking system and opposed the concentration of power in a national bank. This political opposition made the system vulnerable to change.
Secondly, the banking system relied heavily on the credibility of the government and its ability to enforce regulations. Any perceived weakness in the government's ability to manage the economy could lead to a loss of confidence in the banking system, causing instability.
Lastly, the Federalist coalition's dominance in banking was based on their control of political power. As political dynamics shifted over time, the coalition's influence could wane, potentially leading to changes in banking policies and regulations. This made the system susceptible to political shifts and instability.
In summary, the first dominant coalition in America's banking game was the Federalist coalition. This system was considered "fragile by design" due to political opposition, reliance on government credibility, and the potential for shifts in political power.
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If you want $3.5 million for retirement and you plan to retire in 30 years, how much do you need to deposit today if you can earn 7.25% on your money?
To calculate the amount you need to deposit today for retirement, we can use the concept of present value (PV) and the formula for calculating it. The formula for present value is:
PV = FV / (1 + r)^n
Where:
PV = Present Value (amount to be deposited today)
FV = Future Value (desired amount for retirement)
r = Interest rate per period (in this case, 7.25% or 0.0725)
n = Number of periods (in this case, 30 years)
Let's plug in the values into the formula:
PV = $3,500,000 / (1 + 0.0725)^30
Calculating this equation will give us the amount you need to deposit today to reach your retirement goal. Let's calculate it:
PV = $3,500,000 / (1.0725)^30
PV = $3,500,000 / 4.919
PV ≈ $711,829.53
Therefore, you would need to deposit approximately $711,829.53 today to accumulate $3.5 million for retirement in 30 years, assuming an interest rate of 7.25% per year.
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Income Statement, Direct and Indirect Cost Concepts, Service Company Lakeesha Bamett owns and operates a package mailing store in a college town. Her store, Send it Packing, heips customers wrap items and send them via ups, Fedex, and the USPS. Send tt Packing also rents mal boxes to customers by the month. In May, purchases of materials (stamps, cardboard boxes, tape, 5 tyrofoam peanuats, bubble wrap, etc.) equaled $11,350; the beginning inventory of materials was $1,050, and the ending inventory of materials was $950. Payments for ϕ rect iabor during the month totaled $25,500. Overhead incurred was $18,100 (including rent, utilities, and insurance, as well as psyments of $14,050 to ups and FedEx for the delivery services sold). Since Send It Packing is a franchise, Lakeesha owes a monthly franchise fee of 5 percent of sales. She spent $2,750 on advertising during the month. Other administrative costs (including accounting and legal services and a trip to Dallas for training) amounted to $3,600 for the month. Revenues for May were 5102,000 . Requiredt 1. What was the cost of materials used for packaging and mailing services during May? 2. What was the prime cost for May? 3. What was the conversion cost for May? 4. What was the total cost of services for May? 5. Prepare an income statement for May. Send it Packing Income Statement 5. Prenare an income statoment for May.
The cost of materials used for packaging and mailing services during May can be calculated using the following formula:Material used = Purchases + Beginning inventory – Ending inventory
Material used = $11,350 + $1,050 - $950 = $11,450The cost of materials used for packaging and mailing services during May was $11,450.
2. Prime cost is the sum of direct material and direct labor costs. The prime cost can be calculated as follows:Prime cost = Direct material + Direct laborPrime cost = $11,450 + $25,500 = $36,950The prime cost for May was $36,950.
3. Conversion cost is the sum of direct labor and overhead costs. The conversion cost can be calculated as follows:Conversion cost = Direct labor + OverheadConversion cost = $25,500 + $18,100 = $43,600The conversion cost for May was $43,600.
4. The total cost of services for May can be calculated as follows: Total cost of services = Direct material + Direct labor + OverheadTotal cost of services = $11,450 + $25,500 + $18,100 = $55,050. The total cost of materials for May was $55,050.
5. Prepare an income statement for May. Send it Packing Income Statement Revenue $102,000 (-) Cost of Services $55,050 = Gross profit $46,950(-) Administrative costs $3,600(-) Franchise fee (5% * $102,000) $5,100(-) Advertising expenses $2,750 = Net income $35,500.
Therefore, the income statement for May is shown above.
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Since the start of Malaysia's statewide lockdown, manufacturers and employers have struggled with lesser outputs
Malaysia’s lockdown was implemented to stop the spread of COVID-19. Manufacturers and employers were adversely affected by the statewide lockdown. Employers and manufacturers were struggling with lesser outputs. It was an unprecedented time that the world had never experienced before.
The lockdown meant that many businesses had to close. The employers were forced to shut down their businesses to stop the spread of the virus. The economic impact of the pandemic has been felt worldwide. Many people lost their jobs, and companies had to shut down because they could not sustain their businesses due to the lockdown.
The lockdown measures put in place were necessary to contain the spread of COVID-19. However, it had a significant impact on businesses and their output. Manufacturers had to reduce their production, and employees had to work from home. This led to decreased efficiency and output. To mitigate the effects of the lockdown, the government implemented economic stimulus packages to support businesses and industries. Although there is hope for recovery, the effects of the pandemic will be felt for years to come.
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Calculating the price elasticity of demand - A step-by-stepguide
Suppose that during the past year, the price of a laptop computer fell from $2,350 to $1,930. During the same time period, consumer sales increased from 436,000 to 537,000 laptops.
Calculate the elasticity of demand between these two price
Price elasticity of demand is a useful metric that enables organizations to ascertain how responsive customers are to price changes. It is calculated as the percentage change in the quantity demanded of a good divided by the percentage change in its price. It provides the elasticity or responsiveness of demand for a particular product.
The formula for price elasticity of demand is given as:
Ed = (% Change in Quantity Demanded) / (% Change in Price)
Suppose that during the past year, the price of a laptop computer fell from $2,350 to $1,930. During the same time period, consumer sales increased from 436,000 to 537,000 laptops.
Calculation of elasticity of demand between these two prices:
% Change in Quantity Demanded = (New Quantity Demanded - Old Quantity Demanded) / Old Quantity Demanded × 100
% Change in Quantity Demanded = (537,000 - 436,000) / 436,000 × 100
% Change in Quantity Demanded = 23.16%
% Change in Price = (New Price - Old Price) / Old Price × 100
% Change in Price = ($1,930 - $2,350) / $2,350 × 100
% Change in Price = -18%
The formula for calculating elasticity of demand is:
Ed = (% Change in Quantity Demanded) / (% Change in Price)
Ed = (23.16) / (-18)
Ed = -1.287
The price elasticity of demand of laptop computers is calculated to be -1.287. It means that if the price of laptop computers is reduced by 1%, there will be a 1.287% increase in demand for laptops.
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Company P purchased an 80% interest in Company S on January 1, 2016, for $800,000. On
the purchase date, Company S stockholders' equity was $800,000. Any excess of fair value over
book value was attributed to a patent with a 10-year remaining life. In 2016, Company P reported
internally generated net income before taxes of $150,000. Company S reported a net income
before taxes of $70,000. The firms file a consolidated tax return at a 30% tax rate. The
nondeductible portion of excess amortization is
A - 20 000
B - 15 000
C - 4 000
D - $0 (The amortization is fully deductible)
The amortization is fully deductible as there is no excess of fair value over book value.
To determine the nondeductible portion of excess amortization, we need to calculate the amortization expense and compare it to the net income before taxes.
First, we calculate the excess of fair value over book value:
Excess of fair value over book value = Purchase price - Stockholders' equity
Excess of fair value over book value = $800,000 - $800,000 = $0
Since the excess of fair value over book value is $0, there is no excess amortization to be recognized. Therefore, the answer is D - $0 (The amortization is fully deductible).
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Suppose that following represents the utility function of the individual U(c,l)=log(l)+c c, represents the consumption level of the individual and l, represents the leisure, while the market wage is w , non-wage income is v, and available time is T. Draw the Labor Supply function?
To draw the labor supply function, we need to determine the relationship between leisure (l) and the individual's labor supply (hours of work, denoted as h).
Given the utility function U(c, l) = log(l) + c, the individual's objective is to maximize their utility subject to their constraints. In this case, the constraints are their available time (T) and their income (w * h + v).
The individual's budget constraint can be expressed as:
w * h + v = T
To maximize utility, we can use the concept of marginal utility. The marginal utility of leisure (MU_l) is the derivative of the utility function with respect to leisure, and the marginal utility of consumption (MU_c) is the derivative of the utility function with respect to consumption.
MU_l = 1 / l
MU_c = 1
To maximize utility, the individual will allocate their time between work and leisure until the marginal utility of leisure (MU_l) is equal to the marginal utility of consumption (MU_c).
So, we can set:
MU_l = MU_c
1 / l = 1
Simplifying, we find:
l = 1
This means that the individual will choose to allocate all of their available time to leisure, and not engage in any work. Therefore, the labor supply function in this case is h = 0.
To graphically represent this, we can draw a horizontal line at h = 0 on the labor supply axis, indicating that the individual does not supply any labor at any wage rate.
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An example of a nominal variable is ________.
a. the chain weighted measure of GDP
b. production measured at base year prices
c. income measured at current market prices
d. expenditures in terms of th
Nominal variables are used to define categories, and the data obtained is qualitative rather than quantitative. The term nominal variable is used in statistics and research.
The variable can only be divided into two categories, such as "Yes" or "No." An example of a nominal variable is the production of a factory.What is a nominal variable?A nominal variable is a variable that represents discrete categories or levels that cannot be ranked or compared with one another.
The variable can only be divided into two categories, such as "Yes" or "No." nominal variables are qualitative in nature and can be divided into binary groups. An example of a nominal variable is a person's marital status, which can be "single," "married," "divorced," or "widowed." Another example of a nominal variable is a person's favorite color, which can be "blue," "green," "red," or "yellow."Therefore, option D is the correct answer, i.e., "expenditures in terms of th" since it is a nominal variable.
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