Answer:
the sodium hydroxide solution was 0.4 M.
Explanation:
To solve this problem, we can use the dilution formula:
M1V1 = M2V2
where M1 is the initial concentration, V1 is the initial volume, M2 is the final concentration, and V2 is the final volume.
We are given that 45.0 mL of a sodium hydroxide solution was diluted and the resulting volume is 180 mL with a concentration of 0.100 M. Let's use M1 for the initial concentration, V1 for the initial volume, M2 for the final concentration, and V2 for the final volume.
M2 = 0.100 M
V1 = 45.0 mL
V2 = 180 mL
We can rearrange the dilution formula to solve for M1:
M1 = (M2V2) / V1
Substituting the given values, we get:
M1 = (0.100 M x 180 mL) / 45.0 mL
M1 = 0.400 M
Therefore, the initial molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution was 0.4 M.
What is the correct equilibrium constant
expression for this equation?
2Cl₂(g) + 2H₂O(g) → 4HCI(g) + O₂(g)
O
[HC][0₂]
[Cl₂] [H₂O]
4[HCI][0₂]
2[ Cl₂]2[H₂O]
O
O
Kea
kea
kea
DONE
=
=
=
[HC]¹ [0₂]
[Ch][H,O]
Answer:
he correct equilibrium constant expression (Keq) for the given equation is:
Keq = ([HCl]^4 [O2]) / ([Cl2]^2 [H2O]^2)
Where [HCl], [O2], [Cl2], and [H2O] represent the equilibrium concentrations of the respective species in the balanced equation.
Note that the Keq expression includes only the concentrations of the gases in the equilibrium mixture, and the coefficients in the balanced equation are used as exponents to represent the stoichiometry of the reaction.
([HCl]⁴ [O[tex]_2[/tex]]) / ([Cl[tex]_2[/tex]]² [H[tex]_2[/tex]O]²) is the correct equilibrium constant expression for this equation. The reaction quotient value obtained from the expression describing chemical equilibrium.
What is equilibrium constant?The reaction quotient value obtained from the expression describing chemical equilibrium is the equilibrium constant. It is influenced by temperature and ionic strength and is unaffected by the amounts of product and reactant in a solution.
Reactions which attain heterogeneous equilibrium have more than one phase. Typically, only two phases—such as gaseous and liquid phases and solids and liquids—are present. The expression for equilibrium does not include solids.
Keq = ([HCl]⁴ [O[tex]_2[/tex]]) / ([Cl[tex]_2[/tex]]² [H[tex]_2[/tex]O]²)
Therefore, ([HCl]⁴ [O[tex]_2[/tex]]) / ([Cl[tex]_2[/tex]]² [H[tex]_2[/tex]O]²) is the correct equilibrium constant expression for this equation.
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*I’m confused? Pls help, it’s due tmr*
Modeling Tool: Two Samples at the Atomic Scale
Goal: Create a model that represents a repeating group of atoms that could make up sample 2.
Based on the given information, it seems like we need help with creating a model of a repeating group of atoms for sample 2 using an atomic scale modeling tool. Here's an answer that includes the terms:
To create a model that represents a repeating group of atoms for sample 2, you should use the modeling tool at the atomic scale. Start by identifying the elements and their arrangement within the sample. Once you have this information, construct the repeating unit of atoms in the modeling tool, ensuring you accurately represent the positions, types, and bonding of the atoms involved. This model will help you visualize and better understand the structure of sample 2 at the atomic level.
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Calculate the mass of water produced when 5.13g of butane reacts with excess oxygen
Explanation:
The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of butane is:
2C4H10 + 13O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2O
From the equation, we can see that for every 2 moles of butane that react, 10 moles of water are produced.
To find the mass of water produced when 5.13g of butane reacts, we need to first convert the mass of butane to moles:
5.13g of butane / molar mass of butane (58.12 g/mol) = 0.0883 moles of butane
Since there is excess oxygen, we can assume that all of the butane will react completely, so we can use the mole ratio from the balanced equation to find the number of moles of water produced:
0.0883 moles of butane × (10 moles of water / 2 moles of butane) = 0.4415 moles of water
Finally, we can convert the moles of water to grams:
0.4415 moles of water × molar mass of water (18.02 g/mol) = 7.95g of water
Therefore, the mass of water produced when 5.13g of butane reacts with excess oxygen is 7.95g.
Hopes this helps
to lower the impacts of climate change we can do the following activities:
1
2
3
4
5
science plss help
Answer:
1. Know your carbon footprint.
2. Travel less.
3. Eat less meat and focus on sustainably grown meat.
4. Create less waste.
5. Recycle more and create less trash.
Using a spatula and a balance, measure 2.50 g copper(II) chloride (CuCl). You may need to add and subtract to get exactly 2.50 g.
Intro
To measure 2.50 g of copper(II) chloride using a spatula and a balance, start by placing the spatula on the balance and tare it to zero.
Next, scoop up some copper(II) chloride onto the spatula and use the balance to measure the weight.If the amount is less than 2.50 g, use the spatula to add a small amount of powder until the balance reads 2.50 g. Continue this process until the balance reads exactly 2.50 g. Finally, use the balance to adjust the weight until it is exactly 2.50 g. Once the desired weight is achieved, carefully remove the copper(II) chloride from the spatula and store it accordingly.
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how to calculate and discuss how many cans of 7-UP a 70 kg adult would have to drink to reach a toxic dose. 7-UP is toxic at 12,000 mg/kg and a can is 330mL. Note that the literature value is 0.012 M
Answer:
First, we need to convert the toxicity value from mg/kg to mg for a 70 kg adult:
Toxic dose for a 70 kg adult = 12,000 mg/kg x 70 kg = 840,000 mg
Next, we need to calculate the number of moles of 7-UP in one can:
Concentration of 7-UP in one can = 0.012 M
Volume of one can = 330 mL = 0.33 L
Number of moles of 7-UP in one can = concentration x volume = 0.012 mol/L x 0.33 L = 0.00396 mol
Finally, we can calculate the number of cans of 7-UP a 70 kg adult would have to drink to reach a toxic dose:
Number of cans of 7-UP = toxic dose / (number of moles in one can x molecular weight of 7-UP)
Molecular weight of 7-UP = 338.14 g/mol
Number of cans of 7-UP = 840,000 mg / (0.00396 mol x 338.14 g/mol) ≈ 619 cans
Therefore, a 70 kg adult would have to drink approximately 619 cans of 7-UP to reach a toxic dose.
Explanation:
what is parallax errors sometimes called
Answer: They are sometimes called sighting errors
Explanation:
To _____ means to draw a conclusion based on something you observe
A. Guess
B. Control
C. Model
D. Infer
Answer: D
Explanation: Infer
why do you think asteroids are located in the asteroid belt?
Answer:
the asteroid belt is created by asteroids, and the belt is made because of the planets gravitational pull
Explanation:
:3
What is the connection between the Observation and Question steps of the scientific method?
Observation and questioning are the two initial steps of the scientific method, and they are closely connected. Observation refers to gathering information and data about a natural phenomenon or a specific problem, while questioning refers to developing an inquiry about what has been observed.
In other words, observation leads to questioning because as scientists observe something, they notice patterns, relationships, and discrepancies that raise questions about what is happening and why. These questions then serve as a guide for further investigation and experimentation, leading to the development of hypotheses and theories.
Furthermore, the quality of the observation directly influences the type of questions that can be formulated. A more precise and accurate observation will lead to more focused and specific questions, while vague observations can lead to ambiguous and unclear questions.
In summary, the observation and questioning steps of the scientific method are interconnected and essential for the development of scientific knowledge. Accurate and detailed observations lead to well-formulated questions that guide scientific inquiry and experimentation, leading to the development of hypotheses and theories.
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In the scientific method, the Observation phase leads to careful observations about a trend, pattern, or phenomenon, which then sparks curiosity in the Question phase. The connection is that observations help formulate specific, research-oriented questions, which then guide the next steps of the scientific investigation.
Explanation:The Observation and Question steps are crucial phases in the scientific method, being interconnected in meaningful ways. In the Observation phase, a scientist makes careful, detail-oriented observations about the world or specifically focused aspect(s). These observations could be about a trend, a pattern, or any interesting phenomenon.
These observations lead to the Question step. After identifying a particular trend or pattern during the Observations step, a scientist becomes curious and asks a question about why or how something happens. It's through these observations that scientists come up with specific, research-oriented questions, setting the stage for the formulation of a hypothesis and further experimentation. In other words, the questions that drive the scientific investigation are based on initial observations. So, we can say the connection between the Observation and Question steps of the scientific method is that observations spark curiosity and lead to questions, while questions in turn guide the future research direction.
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In the reaction shown, what action will result in making the solution more green?
A: Adding MnO₄⁻² ions
B: Diluting the solution by adding water
C: Removing MnO₄⁻¹ ions
D: Increasing the temperature of the solution
Adding MnO₄⁻² ions will result in making the solution more green in this reaction.
What is Temperature?
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance or system. It is typically measured using a scale such as Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin, and is commonly used in physics, chemistry, and engineering to describe the behavior of materials and systems.
In this reaction, the MnO₂ react with I⁻ ions to form MnO₄⁻¹ ions and MnO₂. The MnO₄⁻¹ ions are green in color, while the MnO₂ is purple in color. Therefore, the overall color of the solution is a mixture of green and purple.
By adding more MnO₄⁻² ions to the solution, the concentration of green MnO₄⁻¹ ions will increase, and this will result in a more green color of the solution. Hence, option A is the correct answer.
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Low density lipoproteins is often called bad cholesterol because it
Answer:
Contributes to the buildup of plaque in the walls of arteries. This plaque buildup can narrow the arteries and increase the risk of heart disease, heart attack, and stroke.
If you start with 1.629 g of salicylic acid what is the theoretical yield of aspirin?
Answer:
the theoretical yield of aspirin from 1.629 g of salicylic acid is 2.13 g.
Balance
Pb(NO3)2 + NaCl PbCl2+ NaNO3
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between Pb(NO3)2 and NaCl is:
Pb(NO3)2 + 2NaCl -> PbCl2 + 2NaNO3
In order for a chemical equation to be balanced, the number of atoms of each element in the reactants must be equal to the number of atoms of each element in the products.
In the given equation, there are one Pb atom, two Na atoms, two Cl atoms, two N atoms, and six O atoms on the left-hand side (reactants) of the equation. On the right-hand side (products) of the equation, there are one Pb atom, two Na atoms, two Cl atoms, two N atoms, and six O atoms.
To balance the equation, we need to adjust the coefficients (the numbers in front of the chemical formulas) so that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides. In this case, we need to add a coefficient of 2 in front of NaCl on the reactant side to balance the number of Cl atoms, which also adds 2 Na and 2 NO3 atoms. This gives us:
Pb(NO3)2 + 2NaCl -> PbCl2 + 2NaNO3
Now the equation is balanced because there are the same number of atoms of each element on both the reactant and product sides.
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Based on the information in the graph, which atom listed below is the most
stable?
Answer:
Iron-56 has the greatest binding energy per nucleon while Hydrogen-3 has the lowest based on the information in the graph of average binding energy per nucleon against number of nucleons in nucleus. We know that the the greater the amount of binding energy per nucleon the greater the nuclear stability is, thus Iron-56 is the most stable atom among Helium-4, Uranium-238 and Hydrogen-3.
Explanation:
70 POINTS your own answer , i got two different and need to get this question correct.
What is the molarity of 30.0 mL of hydrochloric acid solution after 15.0 mL of a 3.00 M solution has been diluted? ___ M (Answer Format X.X)
Answer: The molarity of the hydrochloric acid solution after dilution is 1.5 M.
Explanation: To calculate the molarity of a solution after dilution, you can use the formula M1V1 = M2V2 where M1 is the initial molarity of the solution, V1 is the initial volume of the solution, M2 is the final molarity of the solution, and V2 is the final volume of the solution.
In this case, we have 15.0 mL of a 3.00 M solution that has been diluted with water to a final volume of 30.0 mL. Using the formula above, we can calculate the final molarity as follows:
M1V1 = M2V2 (3.00 M)(15.0 mL) = M2(30.0 mL) M2 = (3.00 M)(15.0 mL) / (30.0 mL) M2 = 1.50 M
So, the molarity of the hydrochloric acid solution after dilution is 1.5 M
Hope this helps, and have a great day! =)
What is the major organic product in the following reaction sequence? Type it’s systematic IUPAC name in the box below
The given reaction sequence suggests the use of PPh3 followed by BuLi to form a nucleophilic species that can react with 3-pentanone and Br.
The first step involves the formation of a phosphonium ylide intermediate by the reaction of PPh3 with BuLi. In the second step, the ylide acts as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl group of 3-pentanone to form a betaine intermediate. The final step involves the reaction of the betaine with Br to give the desired product.
The major organic product formed in this reaction sequence is (E)-1-bromo-3-(phenyl(phenyl)methylidene)butan-1-one. This is because the reaction proceeds via an SN2 mechanism, which leads to the formation of an alkene with an E configuration. The systematic IUPAC name of the product is (E)-1-bromo-3-(phenyl(phenyl)methylidene)butan-1-one.
In this name, "E" indicates the configuration of the double bond, "1-bromo" indicates the presence of a bromine atom on the first carbon, "3-(phenyl(phenyl)methylidene)" indicates the presence of a substituted phenyl group attached to the third carbon, and "butan-1-one" indicates the presence of a ketone group on the first carbon of a four-carbon chain.
The complete and correct question is :What is the major organic product in the following reaction sequence? Type its systematic IUPAC name in the box below.
1) PPh3
2) BuLi
3) 3-pentanone
Br?
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For: X → Z What is the proposed rate law A. rate = k[x]a[z]bB. rate = k[A]xC. rate = k[X]Z D. none of these
The rate law can only be determined experimentally through the method of initial rates or by determining the order of the reaction with respect to each reactant. Therefore, the correct answer is D. none of these.
In chemical kinetics, the rate law is an equation that relates the rate of a chemical reaction to the concentration of reactants. It is usually determined experimentally by measuring the initial rates of the reaction under different conditions of reactant concentration, temperature, and pressure.
The general form of a rate law for a reaction involving one or more reactants can be written as follows:
rate = k[A]x[B]y[C]z...
where rate is the rate of the reaction, k is the rate constant, [A], [B], [C]... are the concentrations of the reactants, and x, y, z... are the orders of the reaction with respect to each reactant.
In the given reaction X → Z, we are not given any information about the specific reaction mechanism or the dependence of the rate on the concentrations of X and Z. Therefore, it is not possible to determine the rate law without experimental data.
To determine the rate law experimentally, we would need to measure the initial rates of the reaction under different conditions of reactant concentrations and analyze the data to determine the orders of the reaction with respect to each reactant. Based on the experimental results, we could propose a rate law that fits the data and determine the value of the rate constant k.
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MUST BE CORRECT AND DONE ASAP 100 POINTS
NOT AI WRITTEN
About two electrons can have that quantum number.
Mg has the highest IE2 while Al has the highest IE3
The order of increasing atomic radius is; Cl> Te^2- >Te > S
What are the quantum numbers?Quantum numbers are a set of four parameters that are used to describe the state of an electron in an atom. They describe the energy, orbital shape, orientation, and spin of an electron in an atom. The four quantum numbers are:
Principal quantum number (n): This quantum number describes the energy level of an electron in an atom. It can take on any positive integer value, with higher values indicating higher energy levels. The principal quantum number determines the size of the electron's orbital.
Azimuthal quantum number (l): This quantum number describes the shape of the electron's orbital. It can take on values from 0 to (n-1).
Magnetic quantum number (m): This quantum number describes the orientation of the electron's orbital in space. It can take on values from -l to +l.
Spin quantum number (s): This quantum number describes the intrinsic angular momentum, or "spin," of the electron. It can have a value of +1/2 or -1/2, indicating the direction of the electron's spin.
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Explain how melting point determination could be used to distinguish between a pure Sample and an impure sample
Answer: Melting point determination can be used to distinguish between a pure sample and an impure sample because the presence of impurities will usually lower the melting point of a substance.
Explanation:
When a pure substance is heated, it will begin to melt at a specific temperature known as its melting point. However, when an impure substance is heated, the presence of impurities will cause the melting point to decrease and the substance to melt over a range of temperatures.
Therefore, by comparing the melting point of a sample to the known melting point of a pure substance, we can determine whether the sample is pure or impure. If the sample has the same melting point as the pure substance, then it is likely pure. However, if the sample melts over a range of temperatures or at a lower temperature than the pure substance, then it likely contains impurities.
A thimble of water contains 4.0 x 1021 molecules. The number of moles of H₂O is:
A) 2.4 x 10^23
B) 6.6 x 10^-3.
C) 2.4 × 10^45
D) 2.4 x 10^-23
E) 6.6 x 10^-23.
The number of moles of H₂O in the thimble of water is approximately 0.00664 mol. The answer is option B) 6.6 x 10⁻³
The number of molecules in a substance is related to Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10²³ molecules/mol) by the formula:
number of molecules = number of moles x Avogadro's number
We are given that there are 4.0 x 10²¹ molecules of water. To find the number of moles of water, we need to rearrange the formula and solve for moles:
number of moles = number of molecules / Avogadro's number
number of moles = 4.0 x 10²¹ molecules / 6.022 x 10²³ molecules/mol
number of moles = 0.00664 mol
The number of moles of H₂O in the thimble of water is approximately 0.00664 mol. The answer is option B) 6.6 x 10⁻³
The quantity of substance in a system is represented by a measurement unit called a mole. A material is said to have one mole if there are exactly as many atoms, molecules, or ions in one mole of it as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12.
It is practical to quantify substance concentrations in chemical reactions and other chemical processes using moles. It enables chemists to deal with quantifiable amounts of substances, like grams, and to quickly convert these amounts to a standard unit of measurement, like moles.
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How many moles of carbon atoms are there in 0.388 mole of C2H6?
0.776 moles of carbon atoms are present in 0.388 mole of [tex]C_2H_6[/tex]. A mole is a unit of measurement used in chemistry to measure an amount of a substance.
Given the number of moles in [tex]C_2H_6[/tex] = 0.388
There are 2 carbon atoms per molecule in [tex]C_2H_6[/tex].
Hence, the number of moles of carbon atoms can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles of [tex]C_2H_6[/tex] by the number of carbon atoms per molecule present in [tex]C_2H_6[/tex].
A mole is equal to the number of atoms, molecules, or other particles in one mole of a substance.
Number of moles of carbon atoms = Number of moles of [tex]C_2H_6[/tex] * (2 atoms of Carbon (C) / 1 mole of [tex]C_2H_6[/tex])
Number of moles of carbon atoms = 0.388 moles of [tex]C_2H_6[/tex] * 2 atoms of carbon/molecule of [tex]C_2H_6[/tex]
Number of moles of carbon atoms = 0.776 moles of carbon atoms
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At STP, how many moles of helium gas would occupy 60 L?
Answer:
At STP (standard temperature and pressure), one mole of any gas occupies 22.4 liters. Therefore, to determine the number of moles of helium gas that would occupy 60 L at STP, we can use the following conversion factor:
1 mole He gas = 22.4 L He gas at STP
So, we can set up the following proportion:
x moles He gas / 60 L He gas = 1 mole He gas / 22.4 L He gas
where x is the number of moles of helium gas we want to find.
To solve for x, we can cross-multiply and simplify:
x moles He gas = (60 L He gas)(1 mole He gas / 22.4 L He gas)
x moles He gas = 2.68 moles He gas (rounded to two decimal places)
Therefore, 2.68 moles of helium gas would occupy 60 L at STP.
6. Which substance is soluble in water?
A. Pb(CO3)2
B. Ag3PO4
C. Sn(CrO4)2
D. NH4CI
Substance is soluble in water is D. NH₄CI. Soluble in water means that is capable of dissolving in water.
What does soluble in water mean?Substance is soluble if it dissolves in certain fluids and the fluid [gas or liquid] (present in excess) is called solvent and substance dissolved in it is called solute which together forms solution. Process of dissolving is called the solvation.
If substance is soluble, then it implies that it can be dissolved in liquid. This means particles are broken down to become so small that we can no longer see them. Salt and sugar are examples of soluble materials. Opposite of soluble is insoluble ( that is a substance that cannot be dissolved).
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I have discovered a new compound which I have named MidasEne. It has the ability to magically turn everything that it touches into gold. I am trying to keep the formula proprietary, but you are smart, and you have figured out that my compound has a molar mass of 1,080.54 grams/mol and an empirical formula of C3H4O5. So what is the molecular formula of my secret compound?
Answer:
molecular formula = C₂₇H₃₆O₄₅
Explanation:
In order to find the molecular formula of a compound from its empirical formula, we need to know the number of "empirical formula units" that are in the molecular formula.
To find the number of empirical formula units, n, we use the following formula:
[tex]\boxed{\mathrm{n = \frac{molar \ mass}{empirical \ formula \ mass}}}[/tex].
The empirical formula mass is simply the molar mass of the compound that is represented by the empirical formula. Therefore, in this case,
Empirical formula mass of C₃H₄O₅ = (12 × 3) + (1 × 4) + (16 × 5)
= 36 + 4 + 80
= 120
Next, we can find the value of n using the above formula:
n = [tex]\frac{1080.54}{120}[/tex]
= 9.00
Now that we know the number of empirical formula units (n) present in the molecular formula, we simply have to multiply the number of each element present in the empirical formula by n:
Molecular formula = (empirical formula)ₙ
⇒ Molecular formula = (C₃H₄O₅)₉
= C₂₇H₃₆O₄₅
Therefore, the molecular formula of the secret compound is C₂₇H₃₆O₄₅.
How many bromine atoms are present 35.2 g of CH2Br2?
Can someone explain how to get answers with steps.
Answer:
There are approximately 2.448 x 10^23 bromine atoms present in 35.2 g of CH2Br2.
Explanation:
The molar mass of CH2Br2 can be calculated as follows:
Molar mass of C = 12.01 g/mol
Molar mass of H = 1.01 g/mol
Molar mass of 2 Br = 2 x 79.90 g/mol = 159.80 g/mol
Therefore, the molar mass of CH2Br2 = 12.01 + 1.01 + 159.80 = 172.82 g/mol
Next, we can calculate the number of moles of CH2Br2 as follows:
moles of CH2Br2 = mass of CH2Br2 / molar mass of CH2Br2
moles of CH2Br2 = 35.2 g / 172.82 g/mol
moles of CH2Br2 = 0.203 moles
Finally, we can use Avogadro's number to calculate the number of bromine atoms present:
Number of bromine atoms = moles of CH2Br2 x 2 (since there are 2 bromine atoms per molecule of CH2Br2) x Avogadro's number
Number of bromine atoms = 0.203 x 2 x 6.022 x 10^23
Number of bromine atoms = 2.448 x 10^23 bromine atoms
Therefore, there are approximately 2.448 x 10^23 bromine atoms present in 35.2 g of CH2Br2.
pls help me in solve this question in chemistry
The chemical equation for the decomposition of water is:
[tex]2 H_2O -- > 2 H_2 + O_2[/tex]
To balance this equation, we need to count the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation.
On the left side of the equation, we have:
2 hydrogen atoms (2 H₂O)
2 oxygen atoms (2 H₂O)
On the right side of the equation, we have:
2 hydrogen atoms (2 H₂)
2 oxygen atoms (1 O₂)
We can see that the number of hydrogen atoms is already balanced, but the number of oxygen atoms is not. To balance the equation, we need to add a coefficient in front of O2 so that we have the same number of oxygen atoms on both sides.
The balanced equation is:
[tex]2 H_2O -- > 2 H_2 + 1 O_2[/tex]
A compound is broken down into simpler compounds during a decomposition reaction. Different techniques, such as heating, exposure to light, or the inclusion of a catalyst, can be used to produce this reaction.
The reactant component splits into two or more products, which may be elements or compounds, during decomposition. A synthesis reaction, in which less complex substances join to create a more complex compound, is the antithesis of this reaction.
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What is the average experimental volume per mole of carbon dioxide calculated for sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate?
Answer: 24.356L/mol.
Explanation: Hence, the average experimental volume per mole of carbon dioxide for sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate is 24.356L/mol.
Choose two non-renewable resources from the article and explain why these are non-renewable.
Two non-renewable resources are coal and petroleum. A natural resource that cannot be easily replaced by natural means quickly enough to keep up with use is referred to as a non-renewable resource (also known as a finite resource).
What are non-renewable resources?A natural resource that cannot be easily replaced by natural means quickly enough to keep up with use is referred to as a non-renewable resource (also known as a finite resource). Fossil fuels made of carbon are one instance. With the use of heat and pressure, the original biological matter transforms into a fuel like petrol or oil. Although individual elements are always conserved, earth minerals and metal ores, fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, and natural gas), and groundwater in some aquifers are all regarded as non-renewable resources (except in nuclear reactions, nuclear decay or atmospheric escape). Coal, crude oil, and natural gas are examples of natural resources that take thousands of years to naturally produce and cannot be replaced as quickly as they are used up.
How is petroleum formed?The remains of animals that have been submerged for millions of years deep within the earth's crust give rise to petroleum.
These species, which include different kinds of plants and animals, progressively dissolved over time.
These remnants turned into petroleum as a result of the intense heat, pressure, and lack of air.
Although petroleum is manufactured over millions of years, we also use it at a faster rate than it is created.
They are therefore non-renewable resources.
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Complete question:
Choose two non-renewable resources from the article and explain why these are non-renewable.
a) Water
b) Electricity
c) Wind
d) Petroleum
e) Coal
Consider the incomplete structure. Add formal charges as necessary to the structure. All unshared valence electrons are shown. Do not alter the structure‑just add charges. If you need to revert the drawing palette to the original state, select the More menu, then select Reset Drawing.
The net formal charge on the given species ([tex]ClO_4[/tex]) is -1. From the diagram we can see that each oxygen atom has 3 pair of electrons and remaining are shared with the chlorine atom.
A charged species is a species that has an unequal number of protons and electrons, resulting in an overall charge. Examples of charged species include ions, radicals, and polar molecules. Ions are atoms or molecules that have gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a net charge while radicals are molecules or ions with an unpaired electron, resulting in a net charge.
Formal charge is calculated as = total number of valence electrons in free atom - number of non-bonding electrons - 1/2 (number of bonding electrons).
Free atom is chlorine with 7 valence electrons.
Oxygen has 8 electrons which are in pairs so, non-bonding electrons = 0
Number of bonding electrons = 14
formal charge on chlorine = 7 - 0 - 1/2(14) = 0
Formal charge on three oxygen atoms = 6 - 4 - 1/2(4) = 0
Formal charge on fourth oxygen atom = 6 - 6 - 1/2(2) = -1
net charge = 0 + 0 + (-1) = -1
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