Answer:Gco is 0.953
Explanation:
based on fmo theory, the reactivity of a nucleophile will be related to the energy of which of its molecular orbitals?
Based on FMO theory, the reactivity of a nucleophile will be related to the HOMO energy of its molecular orbitals.
Thus, the correct answer is HOMO energy.
Bаsed on frontier moleculаr orbitаl (FMO) theory аnd the Eyring equаtion of the trаnsition stаte theory, showing thаt the nucleophilicity of а molecule is relаted to the energy of this molecule’s highest occupied moleculаr orbitаl (HOMO), while the electrophilicity is relаted to the energy of the lowest unoccupied moleculаr orbitаl (LUMO) of the electrophile.
Аb initio cаlculаtion results support these lineаr relаtionships between LUMO energies аnd the Mаyr electrophilicity (E) аnd the HOMO energies аnd the Mаyr nucleophilicities (N) for sets of electrophiles аnd nucleophiles, respectively.
For more information about FMO theory refers to the link: https://brainly.com/question/29642622
#SPJ11
the precise amount of air required for the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon can be calculated by considering the stoichiometric conversion of the hydrocarbon to co2 and h2o. determine the stoichiometric air-fuel ratios for combustion of cyclohexane, cyclohexene, and benzene.
The stoichiometric air-fuel ratios for the combustion of cyclohexane, cyclohexene, and benzene are 8:1, 9:1, and 17:1, respectively.
The stoichiometric air-fuel ratio for combustion of hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane, cyclohexene, and benzene, is the amount of air necessary for complete combustion of the hydrocarbon.
This can be determined by considering the stoichiometric conversion of the hydrocarbon to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).
For cyclohexane, the stoichiometric conversion is 8 moles of air to 1 mole of cyclohexane. This means the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio is 8:1.
Similarly, for cyclohexene, the stoichiometric conversion is 9 moles of air to 1 mole of cyclohexene.
Therefore, the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio for cyclohexene is 9:1. For benzene, the stoichiometric conversion is 17 moles of air to 1 mole of benzene. This yields a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio of 17:1.
In summary, the stoichiometric air-fuel ratios for the combustion of cyclohexane, cyclohexene, and benzene are 8:1, 9:1, and 17:1, respectively.
These ratios are important to consider when performing combustion calculations and are necessary for complete combustion of hydrocarbons.
to know more about stoichiometric refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/15047541#
#SPJ11
whit is the molarity of a NH3 solution if it has a density of 0.982g/mL
The molarity of the NH3 solution is 0.0576 M.
How to determine the molarity of a NH3 solutionWe can use the following steps to calculate the molarity of the NH3 solution:
Determine the mass of 1 mL of the NH3 solution using the given density:
mass of 1 mL of NH3 solution = density x volume of 1 mL
mass of 1 mL of NH3 solution = 0.982 g/mL x 1 mL = 0.982 g
Determine the number of moles of NH3 in 1 mL of the solution using the molar mass of NH3 (17.03 g/mol):
moles of NH3 in 1 mL of solution = mass of NH3 / molar mass of NH3
moles of NH3 in 1 mL of solution = 0.982 g / 17.03 g/mol = 0.0576 mol
Calculate the molarity of the NH3 solution using the number of moles of NH3 in 1 liter of the solution (1000 mL):
molarity of NH3 solution = moles of NH3 / volume of solution in liters
molarity of NH3 solution = 0.0576 mol / 1 L = 0.0576 M
Learn more about molarity at:
https://brainly.com/question/14469428
#SPJ1
the little circle subscripts at the top of the deltag, deltah,and deltas represent standard conditions . these conditions correspond to
The little circle subscripts at the top of the deltag, deltah, and deltas represent standard conditions. These conditions correspond to the standard atmospheric pressure, temperature, and humidity respectively.
The standard atmospheric pressure is the average atmospheric pressure at mean sea level, which is 1.01325 bar. The standard temperature is 20°C (68°F), and the standard humidity is 0.00% relative humidity.
Atmospheric pressure is measured in bar and is the amount of force per unit area exerted by the atmosphere on a surface. It is affected by factors such as the weather and altitude. Temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of the particles in a substance and is measured in degrees Celsius (°C). Humidity is the amount of moisture in the air and is measured in relative humidity (%), which is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor in the air to the saturated vapor pressure at a given temperature.
In chemistry and thermodynamics, the values of deltag, deltah, and deltas are often used to calculate the enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, and entropy changes associated with a chemical reaction. The standard conditions for these subscripts are the most common values used when calculating the thermodynamic properties of a reaction. Knowing the standard conditions is important for predicting the thermodynamic behavior of a system.
To know more about enthalpy click on below link :
https://brainly.com/question/13996238#
#SPJ11
which of the following is false regarding reaction mechanisms? select the correct answer below: reaction mechanisms with more than one step do not always contain intermediates. elementary reactions occur exactly as written. reactions do not need to involve intermediates. intermediates are produced in one step and consumed in a subsequent step.
False statement is Reaction mechanisms with more than one step do not always contain intermediates.
In a reaction mechanism, an intermediate is an unstable substance formed when reactants are partially transformed into products.
In some reactions with more than one step, the intermediates may be left out of the reaction mechanism, which is why the statement is false.
An elementary reaction is one that occurs in a single, defined step and does not involve intermediates. Elementary reactions occur exactly as written, and the intermediate states do not need to be shown.
Reactions may or may not involve intermediates. If a reaction involves an intermediate, the intermediate is usually produced in one step and consumed in a subsequent step.
The reaction mechanism must include the intermediate steps in order to fully explain the reaction process.
The statement, "Reaction mechanisms with more than one step do not always contain intermediates" is false.
Elementary reactions occur exactly as written and do not involve intermediates, while reactions that involve intermediates must include intermediate steps in the reaction mechanism.
to know more about reaction refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/28984750#
#SPJ11
vapor pressure primarily depends on two factors. one factor is the types of intermolecular forces present; what is the other?
Vapor pressure primarily depends on two factors: the types of intermolecular forces present and the temperature.
The temperature affects the amount of kinetic energy that molecules have. Molecules with higher kinetic energy move faster, resulting in increased collisions with the container walls. These increased collisions lead to increased vapor pressure.
Vapor pressure primarily depends on two factors. One factor is the types of intermolecular forces present; the other factor is temperature. Vapor pressure is the measure of the tendency of a substance to evaporate or vaporize. It is the pressure exerted by a gas at equilibrium with its liquid or solid state. The vapor pressure depends on the temperature of the substance and the type of intermolecular forces present.The other factor that primarily depends on the vapor pressure is temperature. Vapor pressure and temperature are inversely proportional to each other. At a higher temperature, the vapor pressure is higher, and at a lower temperature, the vapor pressure is lower. When the temperature is increased, the kinetic energy of the molecules increases, which results in more molecules breaking away from the liquid surface and escaping into the gas phase.Therefore, the vapor pressure primarily depends on two factors, one of which is the types of intermolecular forces present, and the other is the temperature of the substance.
For more such questions on Vapor pressure
https://brainly.com/question/20348618
#SPJ11
arrange the atoms: ca, br, ge, rb, in order of increasing atomic radius. only type in the chemical symbols in the blanks.____ > ____ > ____ > ____
The arrangement of atoms ca, br, ge, rb, in order of increasing atomic radius is : Rb > Ca > Ge > Br
Atomic radius is the distance between the nucleus and the outermost shell of an atom. The periodic table indicates a general pattern in the way atomic radius varies across the table. The atomic radius depends on the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in an atom, as well as the electron configuration and the shielding effect. Atomic radius increases from top to bottom within a group and decreases from left to right across a period. To arrange in the order of atomic radius, we generally follow the above rule also here are the atomic radii of the given atoms, according to the periodic table trends: Ca (calcium): 197 pm, Br (bromine): 115 pm, Ge (germanium): 125 pm, Rb (rubidium): 247 pm. Based on this data, we can arrange the atoms in order of increasing atomic radius as follows:Br > Ge > Ca > Rb
Learn more about atomic radius and it's arrangement here, https://brainly.com/question/15255548
#SPJ11
in the williamson ether synthesis reaction, it is important that the substrate reacting with the alkoxide be a primary or methyl substrate. briefly explain the reason.
In the Williamson Ether Synthesis reaction, it is important that the substrate reacting with the alkoxide be a primary or methyl substrate because the reaction does not work well for secondary or tertiary substrates.
The reason behind this is that secondary or tertiary substrates have hindered reactivity due to steric hindrance. In addition, their reactivity towards nucleophilic substitution decreases as a result of their increased carbon content.
Furthermore, secondary and tertiary substrates tend to undergo elimination reactions rather than nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of strong bases or nucleophiles such as alkoxides.
The Williamson ether synthesis reaction is a common laboratory method for the preparation of ethers. This reaction involves the nucleophilic substitution of an alkoxide ion with a primary alkyl halide or primary sulfonate ester in the presence of an acid catalyst, followed by the addition of an acid.
The nucleophile is usually an alkoxide ion, which is generated in situ by the reaction of an alcohol with a strong base such as sodium or potassium hydroxide. The acid catalyst used in this reaction is usually hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.
Therefore, in order for the alkoxide to leave the reaction, it needs to be able to bond with a carbon atom in a primary or methyl substrate.
To know more about alkoxide ion click here:
https://brainly.com/question/31039154
#SPJ11
Which of the following weak acids would cause the greatest decrease in pH ? Acid(a):H2 S Acid (b): H2Se Because these are in/with the greater the the weaker the bond to H. The acid that will cause the greatest decrease in pH will be the with the which is Which of the following weak acids would have the smallest pKa ? Acid (a): H2 S Acid (b): H3P Because these are in/with , the greater the the weaker the bond to H. The acid with the smallest p Ka will be the with the which is
1. The acid that will cause the greatest decrease in pH will be H₂Se
2. The acid with the smallest pKa is Acid (b): H₃P.
What is pH?The H+ ion concentration's negative constant is known as pH. As a result, the meaning of pH is validated as the strength of hydrogen.
1. The acid that will cause the greatest decrease in pH will be the one with the smallest pKa. This is because the smaller the pKa, the stronger the acid. A stronger acid will release more H⁺ ions when dissolved in water and thus cause a greater decrease in pH. So, the correct option is b. H₂Se will have greatest decrease in pH.
2. The acid with the smallest pKa will be the one with the strongest bond to H. This is because the stronger the bond to H, the weaker the acid. A weaker acid will not release as many H⁺ ions when dissolved in water and thus have a smaller effect on pH. Therefore, the acid with the smallest pKa is Acid (b): H₃P.
Learn more about pH on:
https://brainly.com/question/172153
#SPJ11
which of the following aqueous solutions will have the lowest % ionization? 1.0 m hf 1.0 m hcl 1.0 m naoh 0.5 m ba(oh)2 1.0 m sr(oh)2
The aqueous solution with the lowest % ionization will be 0.5 m Ba(OH)2. This is because the dissociation of Ba(OH)2 is the least among all the solutions, making it the least ionized.
Explanation: The 0.5 M Ba(OH)2 aqueous solution will have the lowest % ionization.Based on the given options, the lowest % ionization will be observed in 0.5 M Ba(OH)2 aqueous solution. Here's why:Acids and bases are classified as weak or strong depending on the extent to which they ionize when dissolved in water. The stronger the acid or base, the greater the degree of ionization when it dissolves in water. This is because strong acids and bases are nearly completely ionized in solution. Aqueous solution of HF and HCl:HF is a weak acid, and HCl is a strong acid. As a result, HCl is more acidic than HF, with a greater degree of ionization. NaOH aqueous solution:NaOH is a strong base, which means that it completely ionizes in water. Ba(OH)2 and Sr(OH)2 aqueous solutions:Ba(OH)2 and Sr(OH)2 are both strong bases, but the degree of ionization depends on their concentration. A solution of 1 M Ba(OH)2 is 50% ionized, whereas a solution of 1 M Sr(OH)2 is 80% ionized. So, among the given options, the 0.5 M Ba(OH)2 aqueous solution will have the lowest % ionization.
For more such questions on ionization
https://brainly.com/question/20658080
#SPJ11
which of the following are examples of heterogeneous equilibria? (select all that apply) select all that apply: a reaction occurring in a liquid solution a reaction involving both gases and liquids a reaction occurring between two gases. a reaction involving a solid and a liquid
In all of these examples, the reactants and products are in two or more phases. As a result, the reaction is said to be in a state of heterogeneous equilibrium.
Heterogeneous equilibrium is a type of chemical equilibrium where the reactants and products are in more than one phase. Examples of heterogeneous equilibria include:
A reaction occurring in a liquid solution: A heterogeneous equilibrium is established when a reactant is present in two phases.
An example of this would be the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen in a solution of water. The two reactants are both in liquid form, and the reaction results in the formation of water molecules.
A reaction involving both gases and liquids:
Heterogeneous equilibria can also be established when a reaction involves both gas and liquid reactants. An example of this would be the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide in water.
The reactants are in both gaseous and liquid form, and the reaction produces a solution of sodium chloride and water.
A reaction occurring between two gases: This type of reaction involves two gaseous reactants that combine to form a single product. An example of this is the reaction between nitrogen and oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide.
A reaction involving a solid and a liquid: Heterogeneous equilibria can also be established when a reaction involves a solid and a liquid reactant.
An example of this would be the reaction between a solid acid and a liquid base, such as hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. The reaction produces a solution of sodium chloride and water.
to know more about equilibrium refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/30807709#
#SPJ11
PLEASE HELP i don know how to do Single replacement rxn
Answer:itd a bro
Explanation:dont trust just need points
for the next several questions, use the following information: a 2.00 g sample of ammonia (nh3 ) reactants with 4.00 g of oxygen to form nitrogen monoxide and water. all of the reactants and products are gases. do not forget about diatomic molecules.
Since we are given the reactants and products in a chemical reaction, we can write the balanced chemical equation as:
4 NH3 + 5 O2 → 4 NO + 6 H2O
From the balanced equation, we can see that 4 moles of NH3 react with 5 moles of O2 to form 4 moles of NO and 6 moles of H2O.
To solve the following questions, we can use the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation.
How many moles of NH3 are in the sample?
The molar mass of NH3 is 17.03 g/mol, so the number of moles of NH3 in the sample is:
2.00 g / 17.03 g/mol = 0.1173 mol NH3
How many moles of O2 are in excess?
We can first calculate the number of moles of O2 required to react completely with NH3. From the balanced equation, we know that 4 moles of NH3 react with 5 moles of O2, so the number of moles of O2 required is:
0.1173 mol NH3 × (5 mol O2 / 4 mol NH3) = 0.1466 mol O2
The actual amount of O2 used is 4.00 g / 32.00 g/mol = 0.125 mol O2, so the number of moles of O2 in excess is:
0.125 mol O2 - 0.1466 mol O2 = -0.0216 mol O2
Since the value is negative, it means that O2 is the limiting reactant, and NH3 is in excess.
How many moles of H2O are produced?
From the balanced equation, we know that for every 4 moles of NH3 reacted, 6 moles of H2O are produced. Therefore, the number of moles of H2O produced is:
0.1173 mol NH3 × (6 mol H2O / 4 mol NH3) = 0.1760 mol H2O
What is the mass of NO produced?
The molar mass of NO is 30.01 g/mol, so the mass of NO produced is:
0.1173 mol NH3 × (4 mol NO / 4 mol NH3) × 30.01 g/mol = 3.52 g NO
For more questions like reactants visit the link below:
https://brainly.com/question/31263593
#SPJ11
predict which of the following 0.1m solutions would have the lowest freezing point: mg(cl)2, catechin, or sucrose. explain your reasoning.
The freezing point of a 0.1m solution is determined by its solute concentration, and the type of solute affects the freezing point and it will be Catechin.
The lowest freezing point will be found in the solution with the lowest solute concentration.
In this case, catechin has the lowest solute concentration of 0.001 mol/L, so it will have the lowest freezing point.
The freezing point of a solution is also affected by the type of solute present.
Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and sucrose both have high molecular weights, and therefore will decrease the freezing point more than catechin. Therefore, catechin will still have the lowest freezing point.
The freezing point of a solution can also be affected by the presence of electrolytes.
Magnesium chloride is an electrolyte, which means it will dissociate in water and lower the freezing point more than catechin or sucrose. Therefore, catechin still has the lowest freezing point.
In summary, catechin has the lowest freezing point of the three solutions (MgCl2, catechin, and sucrose) because it has the lowest solute concentration and does not contain any electrolytes.
To know more about Catechin, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/29996352#
#SPJ11
Suppose that an ion has an absorption line at a rest wavelength of 1000.0 nm. this line is shifted to 1000.1 nm in the spectrum of a star. how fast is the star moving? hint: the doppler shift formula is (vrad/c)
The star is moving by a velocity of 3 *10^{5}.
The formula for the Doppler shift is given by
f2/f1 = (c-v)/c,
where c is the speed of light, v is the velocity of the moving object, and f1 and f2 are the emitted and received frequencies of light, respectively.
The Doppler effect occurs when the light source and the observer are moving relative to one another, giving the impression that the light's frequency has changed.
The Doppler effect alters the frequency of light from a moving source, shifting it either to the red or blue. This resembles (but does not necessarily mimic) the behavior of other types of waves, such as sound waves.
The star is moving away from the observer because the wavelength of the spectral line has shifted to a longer wavelength.
doppler shift
Thus, the velocity is given by the formula
:v/c = (Δλ/λ)
where is the rest wavelength and is the change in wavelength.
v/c = (Δλ/λ)v/c = (1000.1 - 1000.0)/1000.0v/c = 0.0001/1000.
0v/c = 1e-7v = (1e-7) × c = 300 × 1e-7 = 3e-5
The star is moving away from the observer at a velocity of[tex]3 *10^{5}[/tex]m/s.
To know more about the doppler effect https://brainly.com/question/15318474
#SPJ11
5. the chemical analysis of a binary hydrate shows that it is composed of 27.76% mn, 35.82% cl and 36.41% h2o. a. what is the formula of the hydrate? b. what is the name of the hydrate?
a. To determine the formula of the binary hydrate, we first need to find the number of moles of each element in the compound. We can assume that the hydrate contains one mole of water, so the percent composition of the anhydrous compound would be:
Mn: (27.76% / 54.94 g/mol) = 0.5057 mol
Cl: (35.82% / 35.45 g/mol) = 1.0096 mol
H2O: (36.41% / 18.02 g/mol) = 2.0228 mol
To find the ratio of the anhydrous compound to water, we need to divide each of these values by the smallest one, which is 0.5057 mol:
Mn: 0.5057 / 0.5057 = 1 mol
Cl: 1.0096 / 0.5057 = 1.996 mol
H2O: 2.0228 / 0.5057 = 4 mol
Therefore, the formula of the hydrate is MnCl2·4H2O.
b. The name of the hydrate can be determined by adding the prefix "tetra" to the name of the anhydrous compound (since there are four moles of water) and adding the word "hydrate" to the end. So the name of this hydrate is tetrahydrate manganese (II) chloride.
To know more about binary hydrate, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/13564241#
#SPJ11
How much water, in grams, is needed to create 303 grams of hydrogen phosp better know as phosphoric acid?
To create 303 grams of hydrogen phosphoric acid, we need 246 grams of water. Phosphoric acid is a type of acid that is commonly used in the production of fertilizers, detergents, and other chemicals.
Phosphoric acid is also used in the food industry as a food additive. The molecular formula for phosphoric acid is H3PO4. It is a triprotic acid, meaning it can donate up to three hydrogen ions in solution. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of water with phosphoric acid is as follows:H3PO4 + H2O → H3O+ + H2PO4-If we examine this equation, we can see that one mole of phosphoric acid reacts with one mole of water. The molar mass of phosphoric acid is 98 g/mol. Therefore, to create 98 grams of phosphoric acid, we would need 18 grams of water (which is one mole of water).
We are given that we need to create 303 grams of phosphoric acid. Therefore, we can use the following proportion to determine how much water we need: 98 g of phosphoric acid is to 18 g of water as 303 g of phosphoric acid is to x g of water Solving for x, we get: x = (18 g of water/98 g of phosphoric acid) * 303 g of phosphoric acid x = 55.173 grams of water
For more such questions on phosphoric acid, click on:
https://brainly.com/question/29947796
#SPJ11
what volume of 0.125 m nitric acid is required to completely neutralize 25.0 ml of 0.100 m barium hydroxide?
The volume of 0.125 M nitric acid that is required to completely neutralize 25.0 mL of 0.100 M barium hydroxide is 31.25 mL.
This can be calculated using the formula:
Molarity of acid x Volume of acid = Molarity of base x Volume of base
Given:
Molarity of nitric acid = 0.125 M
Volume of nitric acid = ?
Molarity of barium hydroxide = 0.100 M
Volume of barium hydroxide = 25.0 mL = 0.025 L
Using the formula:
0.125 V = 0.100 × 0.025
V = (0.100 × 0.025) / 0.125
V = 0.020 L or 20 mL
Therefore, the volume of 0.125 M nitric acid that is required to completely neutralize 25.0 mL of 0.100 M barium hydroxide is 31.25 mL.
To know more about neutralization, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/15347368#
#SPJ11
are any of the molecules hono, hocn or hcooh planar in their structure? which ones? is there any way the lewis dot diagram helps you to see that the planar molecules are planar? what is it?
Yes, some of the molecules hono, hocn, and hcooh are planar in their structure, The molecule hono, hocn, and hcooh are planar molecules. In diagrams , all the atoms surrounding the central atom (O) have single bonds. This indicates that the molecule is planar. The Lewis dot diagram can be used to determine the molecular geometry of a molecule and can help to identify which molecules are planar.
The Lewis dot diagram can be used to identify which ones are planar. It helps to visualize the molecule's shape and its chemical bonds by showing the distribution of the electrons around the atoms.
In order to draw the Lewis dot diagram, each atom must have the same number of electrons as the number of valence electrons found in the periodic table. The number of valence electrons is located in the outermost shell of the atom.
Know more about Lewis dot diagram here:
https://brainly.com/question/14091821
#SPJ11
explain how the reactions of glycolysis can be subdivided into preparatory, cleavage, and payoff phases.
The first reaction results in: the formation of two molecules of pyruvate,
while the second reaction: regenerates the molecules of ATP and NAD+ used in the preparatory and cleavage phases.
The reactions of glycolysis can be divided into three distinct phases: preparatory, cleavage, and payoff.
The preparatory phase is the first stage of glycolysis and involves two key steps: the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate and the isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate. These reactions are important for ensuring that the glucose molecule is in a suitable form for the next phase.
The cleavage phase is the second stage of glycolysis. In this phase, a total of four high-energy phosphate bonds are formed and the glucose molecule is split into two three-carbon molecules, known as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
Finally, the payoff phase is the last stage of glycolysis and involves two reactions. The first reaction results in the formation of two molecules of pyruvate, while the second reaction regenerates the molecules of ATP and NAD+ used in the preparatory and cleavage phases.
To know more about glycolysis refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/30828407#
#SPJ11
How can you tell that all the circles represent an
element?
A. They do not represent an element
B. They are all the same shape, size, and color.
They are all the same shape, size, and color.
How do you know the circles that represent an element in a model?We know that we have the elements the compounds and the mixtures and we may sometimes use a model to show all of these that I have spoken of here.
Since the elements has to be the same, this implies that they arethe same in nature and we have to show them by the use of the exact same type of representation when we produce any kind of model that we have. Thus, they are all the same shape, size, and color.
Learn more about elements:https://brainly.com/question/13794764
#SPJ1
Considered the balanced reaction, what mass of aluminum must react to produce 0.93 L of H2(g) at STP? 2H3PO4(aq) + 2Al(s) —> 2AlPO4(aq) + 3H2(g)
A solution is prepared by taking 25.0 mL of a stock solution of NaOH and diluting it to a final volume of 350. mL. the molarity of the diluted solution is 0.042 m. Which of the following options correctly describe these solutions? select all that apply.
a. The portion of stock solution used contained 0.0147 moles of NaOH. b. The stock solution has a molarity of 0.59M. c. The stock solution has a molarity of 0.030M. d. The 350.mL of diluted solution contains 0.042 moles of NaOH
what is the expected absorbance of a standard solution made by dissolving 0.0070 mol of nicl2 * 6h20 in water to make 100 ml of solution?
The expected absorbance of a standard solution made by dissolving 0.0070 mol of NiCl2 · 6H2O in water to make 100 ml of solution is 0.227.
Absorbance is a measure of the quantity of light that passes through a sample relative to the quantity of light that passes through a blank sample.
The sample absorbance is determined by the sample's concentration, thickness, and absorbing properties of the solution.
In order to calculate the expected absorbance of a standard solution made by dissolving 0.0070 mol of NiCl2 · 6H2O in water to make 100 ml of solution, we need to use the Beer-Lambert Law.
It states that the absorbance of a solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution and the length of the path that the light has to travel through the solution.
So, A = εlc where A = absorbanceε = molar extinction coefficient l = path length c = concentration Since the path length and molar extinction coefficient are constant, the absorbance is proportional to the concentration.
So, A1/A2 = C1/C2
Where, A1 = absorbance of the standard solutionC1 = concentration of the standard solution
A2 = absorbance of the unknown solutionC2 = concentration of the unknown solution Rearranging the formula we get, C2 = C1(A2/A1)
Given that the concentration of the standard solution is 0.0070 mol/L and the path length is 1 cm.
The molar extinction coefficient for NiCl2·6H2O is 4.76 × 10^3 L/mol·cm. Substituting these values in the formula we get, C2 = 0.0070 mol/L × (0.380/1.660) = 0.0016 mol/L
Again, using the Beer-Lambert law we can find the expected absorbance of the unknown solution, where A = εlc.A = 4.76 × 10^3 L/mol·cm × 1 cm × 0.0016 mol/L = 7.62.
The expected absorbance of a standard solution made by dissolving 0.0070 mol of NiCl2 · 6H2O in water to make 100 ml of solution is 0.227.
To know more about Standard solution refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/18720754#
#SPJ11
for a given chemical system, do the equilibrium constant (k) and the reaction quotient (q) differ or are they the same?
For a given chemical system, the equilibrium constant (K) and the reaction quotient (Q) are not the same, but rather they differ.
What is an Equilibrium Constant (K)?
The equilibrium constant (K) is a ratio of equilibrium concentrations, and it is a measure of how far a chemical reaction has progressed at a certain temperature. K is a ratio of the products' concentration to the reactants' concentration, each raised to the power of their respective stoichiometric coefficients. The value of K is temperature-dependent.
What is the Reaction Quotient (Q)?
The reaction quotient, Q, on the other hand, is a ratio of concentrations that are not at equilibrium but instead have been taken at any point in time during the reaction's progress. The reaction quotient is used to determine whether a system is at equilibrium, will proceed to the left or the right to reach equilibrium, or will remain unchanged. The value of Q, like the equilibrium constant, is temperature-dependent.
Learn more about equilibrium constant (K) here:
https://brainly.com/question/29802105#
#SPJ11
the freezing point of a glucose solution is -10.3deg c. the density of the solution is 1.50 g/ml. what is the molarity of the glucose solution? (mw of glucose
The molarity of the glucose solution is 8.30 mol/L.
Molarity calculationTo solve this problem, we need to use the freezing point depression equation:
ΔT = Kf * m
Where ΔT is the change in freezing point, Kf is the freezing point depression constant for the solvent (in this case, water), and m is the molality of the solute (in this case, glucose).
We know that the freezing point depression is 0 - (-10.3) = 10.3°C. The freezing point depression constant for water is 1.86 °C/m, so we can plug in these values to solve for the molality:
10.3°C = 1.86°C/m * m
m = 5.53 mol/kg
Now we need to convert molality to molarity. We know that the density of the solution is 1.50 g/ml, which means that 1 L of solution has a mass of 1500 g. Since the molar mass of glucose is 180.16 g/mol, we can calculate the number of moles of glucose in 1 L of solution:
5.53 mol/kg * 1.50 kg/L = 8.30 mol/L
Therefore, the molarity of the glucose solution is 8.30 M.
More on molarity can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/2817451
#SPJ1
if no activation energy were required to break down sucrose (table sugar), would you be able to store it in a sugar bowl?
If no activation energy were required to break down sucrose (table sugar), it would not be possible to store it in a sugar bowl.
Activation energy is the minimum energy required for a reaction to occur. It is also required for the decomposition of sucrose, which is a disaccharide consisting of glucose and fructose units. If there were no activation energy required to break down sucrose, it would not be possible to store it in a sugar bowl.
This is because it would decompose quickly into its constituent monosaccharides, glucose, and fructose.
As a result, it would become less sweet and less tasty. The reaction rate would be increased, resulting in a rapid change in the chemical structure of sucrose.
This would imply that it is difficult to store it in a sugar bowl.
Hence, if no activation energy were required to break down sucrose, it would not be possible to store it in a sugar bowl.
To learn more about table sugar refer - https://brainly.com/question/4246423
#SPJ11
using the results from part a and part b calculate the enthalpy change of caco3 and water using hess' law
[A] CaCO3(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(1) [B] Ca(OH)2(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + 2 H2O(0)
The enthalpy change of CaCO3 and water is -1052 kJ/mol. (using Hess' law)
Enthalpy Change is the amount of heat energy released or absorbed during a chemical reaction. Using the results from part an and part b, the enthalpy change of CaCO3 and water can be calculated using Hess' law. Here's how to do it:CaCO3(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(1).............. (1). Ca(OH)2(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + 2 H2O(0).................. (2)
The enthalpy change of equation (1) is the enthalpy of formation of CaCO3.
The enthalpy change of equation (2) is the enthalpy of neutralization of Ca(OH)2 with HCl.
The enthalpy change of the reaction of CaCO3 with two moles of HCl can be calculated by combining equations (1) and (2).In equation (1), one mole of CaCO3 produces one mole of H2O, while in equation (2), one mole of Ca(OH)2 produces two moles of H2O.
So, we need to multiply equation (1) by 2 to make the number of moles of H2O equal:
2 CaCO3(s) + 4 HCl(aq) → 2 CaCl2(aq) + 2 CO2(g) + 2 H2O(1)....... (3)
Now, we can subtract equation (2) from equation (3) to obtain the enthalpy change of CaCO3 and water:
2 CaCO3(s) + 2 H2O(1) → 2 Ca(OH)2(s) + 2 CO2(g).
(ΔH = ΔH3 - ΔH2 = (-1184) - (-132) = -1052 kJ/mol)
Therefore, the enthalpy change of CaCO3 and water is -1052 kJ/mol. (using Hess' law)
Learn more about enthalpy change and Hess' law here, https://brainly.com/question/29254582
#SPJ11
which one of the following amino acids r groups (a.k.a. side chain) is most likely to participate in hydrogen bonding with water? group of answer choices asparagine alanine leucine phenylalanine valine
The amino acid most likely to participate in hydrogen bonding with water is Asparagine.
Asparagine has an amide group (–CONH2) as its side chain, which is polar and can form hydrogen bonds with water.
Hydrogen bonds are a type of intermolecular force that occurs when a hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom (usually oxygen or nitrogen) of another molecule.
In water, these hydrogen bonds help to stabilize the molecules and increase its boiling point.
The other amino acid side chains are not likely to form hydrogen bonds with water. Alanine has a methyl group (–CH3), which is non-polar and not able to form hydrogen bonds.
Leucine and valine both have an isopropyl group (–CH(CH3)2), which is also non-polar. Finally, Phenylalanine has a phenyl group (–C6H5), which is slightly polar, but not to the same extent as the amide group of Asparagine.
In conclusion, Asparagine is the amino acid side chain most likely to form hydrogen bonds with water. The other amino acid side chains are not able to form hydrogen bonds due to their non-polar nature.
Hydrogen bonds between Asparagine and water help to stabilize the molecules and increase its boiling point.
to know more about asparagine refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/30714122#
#SPJ11
in addition to the iron ores, what are the two other solid raw materials used to produce iron and steel?
Answer: The two other solid raw materials used to produce iron and steel in addition to the iron ores are limestone and coke.
What is iron and steel production?
Iron and steel production is the method of extracting iron from iron ores and refining it into a useful alloy. The raw materials, iron ore, limestone, and coke, are converted into raw iron, which is then converted into steel in a second process.
The process of Iron and steel production
The iron ores, coke, and limestone are obtained from natural resources. After that, the iron ores, coke, and limestone are moved to a blast furnace. The limestone is used as a flux, which helps to extract the iron from the ore. The coke serves as a fuel and decreases the iron ore's melting temperature.
The iron ore is then melted at high temperatures in a blast furnace, where it reacts with coke to produce iron. This is the raw iron. It is then cooled down and transferred to a second furnace where steel is produced. Finally, the steel is processed into the final product or shipped out as raw steel.
The process of iron and steel production is complex, and it requires a lot of energy. It is also responsible for producing a lot of pollution. The industry has worked hard to improve efficiency and environmental performance by using more advanced technologies and cleaner fuels.
Learn more about iron ore here:
https://brainly.com/question/18649046#
#SPJ11