The flowrate 'g' will change when the channel roughness 'e' doubled.[tex]q_0 = \sqrt{2}q_1[/tex]
The specific discharge 'q' of water in an open channel is assumed to be a function of the depth of flow in the channel y' the height of the roughness of the channel surface 'e' the acceleration due to gravity 'g' and the slope 's' of the area where the channel is placed.
Make use of dimensional analysis to determine how the flowrate 'g' will change when the channel roughness 'e' doubled.
q = [M⁰ L¹ T⁰]
y = [M⁰ L¹ T⁰]
e = [M⁰ L¹ T⁰]
g = [M⁰ L T⁻²]
s₀= [M⁰ L⁰ T⁰]
s₀ = q[y]ᵃ [c]ᵇ [g]ⁿ
[M⁰ L⁰ T⁰] = [M⁰ L¹ T⁻¹] [L]ᵃ [L]ᵇ [LT⁻²]ⁿ
0 = 1 + a + b + n
0 = -2 -2c
c = -1/2
a + b = -1 + 1/2 = -1/2
Let a = 0, b = -1/2
s₀ = q[e]^-1/2 [g]^-1/2
[tex]s_0 = \frac{q}{e^{1/2}*g^{1/2}}[/tex]
[tex]q_0 = \sqrt{2}q_1[/tex]
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Complete Question:
Q. No. 1 The specific discharge 'q' of water in an open channel is assumed to be a function of the depth of flow in the channel y' the height of the roughness of the channel surface 'e the acceleration due to gravity 'g' and the slope 's' of the area where the channel is placed. Make use of dimensional analysis to determine how the flowrate 'g' will change when the channel roughness 'e' doubled.
Which of the following functions f: RR are permutations of R?
(a) f is defined by f(x)=x+1.
(b) f is defined by f(x)=(x-1)².
JUSTIFY your answer.
Neither of the given functions is a permutation of R because they do not meet the requirements of being both injective and surjective.
f: RR are permutations of R. A permutation is a function that bijectively maps one set to another. In other words, for a function to be a permutation, it must be both injective and surjective.
Let's analyze each function individually:
(a) f(x) = x + 1:
This function is not a permutation of R. To be a permutation, f(x) would need to be injective, meaning that each element of R is mapped to a unique element in the range. However, in this case, f(x) maps multiple elements to the same value. For example, f(1) = 2 and f(2) = 3, so both 1 and 2 are mapped to the same element in the range. Therefore, f(x) = x + 1 is not a permutation of R.
(b) f(x) = (x - 1)²:
This function is also not a permutation of R. To be a permutation, f(x) would need to be surjective, meaning that every element in the range is mapped to by at least one element in the domain. However, in this case, the range of f(x) is [0, ∞), which means that no negative numbers are mapped to. Therefore, f(x) = (x - 1)² is not a permutation of R.
In conclusion, neither of the given functions is a permutation of R because they do not meet the requirements of being both injective and surjective.
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In a maternity ward, the statistics says that 5% of women have abnormal delivery. There ale 200 women this year in the maternity ward. What is the probability that 20 women will have abnormal delivery this year?
The problem is that the given value of the probability of abnormal deliveries is for the entire population, whereas we are interested in a sample of size 20. In this situation, we need to use the binomial probability distribution formula, which is P(x) = nCx * p^x * q^(n-x).
Here, n is the sample size, x is the number of occurrences of the event of interest, p is the probability of the event of interest, q = 1-p is the probability of the event not occurring, and nCx = n! / (x! * (n-x)!) is the number of ways to choose x items from a set of n items. We are given that 5% of women in the maternity ward have abnormal delivery. Therefore, the probability of a woman having an abnormal delivery is p = 0.05. Since there are 200 women in the maternity ward this year, the sample size is n = 200. We want to find the probability that 20 women out of 200 will have abnormal deliveries this year. Using the binomial probability distribution formula, we get:
P(20) = 200C20 * 0.05^20 * 0.95^180
where 200C20 = 200! / (20! * 180!) = 535983370403809682970 is the number of ways to choose 20 women out of 200.To calculate P(20), we can use a scientific calculator or an online binomial calculator. Using a calculator, we get:P(20) = 0.0284 or 2.84% (rounded to two decimal places)Therefore, the probability that 20 women out of 200 will have abnormal deliveries this year is 2.84%.
The probability that 20 women out of 200 will have abnormal deliveries this year is 2.84%.
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A construction worker needs to put a rectangular window in the side of a
building. He knows from measuring that the top and bottom of the window
have a width of 8 feet and the sides have a length of 15 feet. He also
measured one diagonal to be 17 feet. What is the length of the other
diagonal?
OA. 23 feet
OB. 15 feet
O C. 17 feet
OD. 8 feet
Answer:The length of the other diagonal is: C. 15 feet.
Step-by-step explanation:
(a) Find the ningabily thst a call seiected of random lasta 7 miniates ef iesi:
To find the probability of a call being selected randomly in the last 7 minutes of the day, we need to consider the total number of calls during that time period and the total number of calls throughout the day. Hence the probability of a call being selected randomly in the last 7 minutes of the day is approximately 0.0049, or 0.49%.
Let's assume that the number of calls made during the day follows a uniform distribution, meaning that each minute is equally likely to have a call.
To calculate the probability, we first need to determine the total number of minutes in a day. There are 24 hours in a day, so 24 multiplied by 60 minutes gives us a total of 1440 minutes in a day.
Next, we need to determine the number of minutes in the last 7 minutes of the day. As stated in the question, this time period is 7 minutes.
Now, we can calculate the probability. The probability of a call being selected randomly in the last 7 minutes of the day is equal to the number of minutes in the last 7 minutes divided by the total number of minutes in a day.
Probability = (Number of minutes in the last 7 minutes) / (Total number of minutes in a day)
Probability = 7 / 1440
Simplifying this fraction gives us the final probability.
Probability = 1 / 205.71
As a result, the chance that a call will be picked at random in the final 7 minutes of the day is roughly 0.0049, or 0.49%.
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(1 point) Find the particular antiderivative that satisfies the following conditions: 40 R(t) = dR dt = 12; R(1) = 40.
The particular antiderivative that satisfies the given conditions is R(t) = 12t + 28. To find the particular antiderivative that satisfies the conditions, we need to integrate the given derivative equation. Since dR/dt = 12, we need to find the antiderivative of 12 with respect to t.
To find the particular antiderivative, we start by integrating the given derivative equation. The antiderivative of 12 with respect to t is given by 12t. However, since we are looking for a particular antiderivative, we need to include a constant term.
The constant term represents the constant of integration and accounts for the fact that there are infinitely many antiderivatives for a given derivative equation. To determine the constant of integration, we need to use an initial condition.
In this case, the initial condition is R(1) = 40, which means that at t = 1, the value of R is 40. Plugging in t = 1 into the antiderivative expression, we get 12(1) + C = 12 + C = 40.
Solving for C, we subtract 12 from both sides of the equation: C = 40 - 12 = 28.
Therefore, the particular antiderivative that satisfies the given conditions is R(t) = 12t + 28. This equation represents the position function R(t) that yields a derivative of 12 and has an initial value of 40 at t = 1.
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A steel wire 34 ft long, hanging vertically, supports a load of 865 lb. Neglecting the weight of the wire, determine the maximum strain if the stress is not to exceed 23 ksi and the total elongation is not to exceed 0.32 in. Assume E = 29 × 10^6 psi.
The maximum strain is 0.009103, or approximately 0.91%. To calculate the maximum strain, we can use the formula: strain = stress / Young's modulus. First, we need to calculate the stress.
Since the load is supported by the wire, the stress is given by stress = load / cross-sectional area of the wire. The cross-sectional area of the wire can be found using the formula: area = pi * (diameter / 2)^2. The diameter of the wire is not given, so we need to find it. The length of the wire is given as 34 ft, which corresponds to its height when hanging vertically. Using this length, we can calculate the wire's weight as weight = load / acceleration due to gravity. The weight of the wire is equal to its volume times the density, so we can rearrange the equation to find the wire's diameter. Once we have the diameter, we can calculate the cross-sectional area and then the stress.
Using the given Young's modulus, stress, and the formula for strain, we can calculate the maximum strain as strain = stress / Young's modulus. The maximum strain of the steel wire is approximately 0.91%, given the conditions specified.
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Acetic acid (100,0%) produced from the biomass pyrolysis is a promising feedstock for the production of clean-energy source of hydrogen. You are working for a company that produces hydrogen and your boss asks you to prepare a design project for a hydrogen synthesis plant which would be located close to your current plant site. Hydrogen synthesis plant is supposed to be only 500 m away from the storage tank area of the acetic acid and will have an attitude of 25 m with respect to this plant. The storage tank, which is the start point of the pipeline, is being operated at 25°C and 1 atm. Volumetric flow rate of the acetic acid is 6 x 10-3³ m³/s. The storage tank, which is the end point of the pipeline is opened to the atmosphere. All of the piping is 4 in schedule 40 pipe. At this stage, you are expected to i) Decide on the material of pipes (Hint:Check corrosivity from "Safety Data Sheet" for your chemical), ii) Decide on type and number of valves and fittings, $ iii) Calculate the total frictional loss, iv) Decide on pump efficiency, iv) Calculate the kW power needed for the pump. You must present a detailed sample-hand calculation in your report as well as an explicit diagram of your pipeline with all fittings and valves, etc. Your report should include: Cover page Statement of the problem Method of calculations Assumptions/decisions made Hand calculation results Discussion (Discussing the assumptions and decisions made)
(i) Material considered for Design - PP (Polypropylene)
(ii) Valve such as Gate & Globe can be used.
(iii) the total frictional loss - 57.255 m.
(iv) Total Power Consumption - 3370.02 W.
(i) Material of Pipe used - 304 & 316L Grade of STAINLESS STEEL, Haste alloy B & C & PP ( Polyproypene ) can be used for the piping material of acetic acid.
From cost point of view Haste alloy is quite expensive material, so we can go for SS 304 , SS 316 L or PP (Polypropylene)
But as the operating temperature and pressure is very less PP (Polypropylene) would be best material from design and from cost point of view,.
So Final Material considered for Design - PP (Polypropylene)
(ii) Type & Number of Valve & Fittings -
A pump with suitable head will be needed to pump the acetic acid to desired location.
Number of Bend - 2 nos of 90 Degree Bends (On Assumption )
Fittings - Flange fittings
Valves - 2 nos Butterfly valve ( One At Inlet & and other at Outlet of Pump)
1 nos NRV (Non-Return Valve) or Check Valve at discharge side to prevent backflow of acetic acid.
1 nos Butterfly valve for isolation purpose at the end discharge point
Other type of Valve such as Gate & Globe can also be used but I have considered Butterfly valve.
(iii) Friction Loss Calculation -
1) Volumetric Flowrate (Q) - 4 X 10⁻³ m3/sec
2) Size of Pipe - 2 in Secduled 40 -
ID - 2.067 inch (52.5018 mm)
OD - 2.375 inch (60.325 mm)
3) A (Area of Pipe) - pi/4 * ID² - 2.164 x 10⁻³ sqm
4) Velocity in Pipe - Q/A - 1.84 m/s
5) Reynolds Number -(D*V*Rho)/viscosity - 87032 (turbulent flow)
So now we will calculation friction factor for Turbulent flow with smooth
pipes
We will use Blasius equation
f - 0.316/Re
f - 0.01839 ............................ (1)
Now Let's calculate friction coefficient for minor losses
Friction loss due to 90 Degree bend - 0.45
Total Friction Losses - Major Loss + Minor Loss
- 4fLv² /2gD + hv²/2g
- 11.967 + 0.288
Total Friction Losses - 12.255 m .................. (1)
Static Head Required - 45 m ................ (2)
We are using Darcy Weisbach equation for calculation friction loss
where,
f - friction factor
v - velocity in pipe (m/s)
D - ID (Inside diameter of Pipe)
g - 9.81 m/s² acceleration due to gravity
h - Sum of Friction factor due to bends and other minor losses
From (1) & (2)
Total Head Required - Static Head + Dynamic Head
- 45 + 12.255
- 57.255 m
(iv) Total Power consumption by Pumps - Rho * g * Q * H / Efficiency
Efficiency not given ( So Assuming 70 % )
Rho (density of acetic Acid ) - 1050 kg /m³
Total Power Consumption - 3370.02 W or 3.370 kW
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An energy production plant produces 5 t of SO2 per
day, requiring treatment before the discharge. The plant decides to
adopt the flue gas desulphurisation methods by using lime. The
chemical reaction
The adoption of flue gas desulphurisation methods using lime can effectively treat the 5 tons of SO2 produced daily by the energy production plant. This process involves a chemical reaction that removes sulfur dioxide from the flue gas before it is discharged.
Flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) is a technique used to remove sulfur dioxide (SO2) from the flue gas emitted by industrial processes, particularly power plants that burn fossil fuels. Lime, or calcium oxide (CaO), is commonly used as a reagent in FGD systems. When lime is injected into the flue gas, it reacts with the sulfur dioxide to form calcium sulfite (CaSO3) and water (H2O).
The chemical reaction can be represented as follows
CaO + SO2 + H2O → CaSO3•H2O
In this reaction, the lime reacts with sulfur dioxide and water to produce calcium sulfite, which is a solid precipitate. This precipitate can then be further oxidized to form calcium sulfate (CaSO4), commonly known as gypsum, which is a stable and non-hazardous solid. Gypsum has various beneficial uses, such as in construction materials and agricultural applications.
By implementing flue gas desulphurisation using lime, the energy production plant can effectively remove the sulfur dioxide emissions and ensure compliance with environmental regulations. This method helps mitigate the adverse effects of SO2 on air quality and human health, as well as prevent the formation of acid rain.
Flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) is a widely adopted technology in industries that produce sulfur dioxide emissions. It is crucial for these industries to comply with environmental regulations and reduce their impact on air quality. FGD methods using lime or other sorbents are effective in capturing sulfur dioxide and minimizing its release into the atmosphere. This process plays a significant role in reducing air pollution and addressing the environmental challenges associated with sulfur dioxide emissions.
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The filter paper salt bridge is not wetted with the 0.1 M KNO, solution. As a result, will the measured potential of the cell be too high, too low, or unaffected? Explain. 3. Part A.5. The measured reduction potentials are not equal to the calculated reduction potentials. Give two reasons why this might be observed. 5. Part B.3. The cell potential increased (compared to Part B.2) with the addition of the Na₂S solution to the 0.001 MCuSO4 solution. Explain. 7. Part C. Suppose the 0.1 M Zn2+ solution had been diluted (instead of the Cu²+ solution), Would the measured cell potentials have increased or decreased? Explain why the change occurred.
1. The cell potential will be artificially high, leading to an inaccurate measurement. 2. Reason could be experimental errors, such as impurities in the solutions or inaccuracies in the measurement equipment. 3. as the concentration of Cu²+ ions decreases and the reaction proceeds in the forward direction. 4. the reduction potential of Zn²+/Zn is fixed, and any changes in the concentration of Zn²+ ions will affect the overall potential of the cell.
1. If the filter paper salt bridge is not wetted with the 0.1 M KNO₃ solution, the measured potential of the cell will be affected. It will be too high. This is because the salt bridge acts as a pathway for ion flow between the two half-cells of the electrochemical cell. If the filter paper salt bridge is not wetted, there will be no ion flow, and the circuit will be incomplete. As a result, the cell potential will be artificially high, leading to an inaccurate measurement.
2. There are several reasons why the measured reduction potentials may not be equal to the calculated reduction potentials. One reason could be experimental errors, such as impurities in the solutions or inaccuracies in the measurement equipment. Another reason could be the presence of side reactions or competing reactions in the system that affect the overall redox process.
Additionally, the reduction potentials are typically calculated and deviations from these conditions, such as changes in temperature or pH, can also contribute to differences between calculated and measured potentials.
3. The addition of Na₂S solution to the 0.001 M CuSO₄ solution would increase the cell potential. This is because Na₂S can react with Cu²+ ions to form Cu₂S, which is a solid precipitate. The formation of Cu₂S effectively removes Cu²+ ions from the solution, reducing their concentration and shifting the equilibrium of the redox reaction towards the Cu²+/Cu⁺ couple. This results in an increase in the cell potential, as the concentration of Cu²+ ions decreases and the reaction proceeds in the forward direction.
4. If the 0.1 M Zn²+ solution were diluted instead of the Cu²+ solution, the measured cell potentials would decrease. This is because the cell potential is directly proportional to the concentration of the ions involved in the redox reaction. Diluting the Zn²+ solution would decrease the concentration of Zn²+ ions, leading to a decrease in the overall cell potential. This is because the reduction potential of Zn²+/Zn is fixed, and any changes in the concentration of Zn²+ ions will affect the overall potential of the cell.
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Using the Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis, which alkyl halide(s) can be used with ethylacetoacetate and ethoxide base to eventually lead to the pendak 2-henne? (A) CH₂B and CH₂CH₂CHICHICH (1) CHICH₂CH₂CH₂B (C) CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂ (D) CH₂B and CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂Be (E) CH,CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂Br 8. How many chiral centers are present in the open form of a D-aldohexose? (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5 9 In the proton NMR spectrum of the compound shown below, what is the splitting of the methylene protons signal indicated by the arrow? CH₂-CH₂-O-CH-CH₂ (A) Singlet (B) Doublet (C) Triplet (D) Quartet - (E) Multiplet
1. (B) CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂ - Alkyl halide for Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis leading to pendak 2-henne.
2. (C) 3 - Open form of D-aldohexose contains three chiral centers.
3. (C) Triplet - Methylene protons signal in proton NMR spectrum indicated by arrow.
1. The correct answer for the first multiple-choice question is option (B) CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂. This alkyl halide can be utilized in the Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis along with ethylacetoacetate and ethoxide base to ultimately yield the product pendak 2-henne.
2. In the open form of a D-aldohexose, there are three chiral centers present. Chiral centers are carbon atoms that are bonded to four different substituents. The open form of a D-aldohexose is a six-carbon sugar containing an aldehyde group (-CHO) and five hydroxyl groups (-OH). Excluding the aldehyde carbon, each carbon atom in the chain has the potential to be a chiral center, resulting in a total of three chiral centers.
3. The proton NMR spectrum of the compound shown indicates that the methylene protons' signal, marked by the arrow, exhibits a triplet splitting pattern. In NMR spectroscopy, a triplet pattern signifies the presence of two chemically nonequivalent neighboring protons that couple with each other. This coupling leads to the splitting of the signal into three peaks of approximately equal intensity.
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What are the measures of the missing angles?
Need asap
Answer:
15
Step-by-step explanation:
inside of triangles have to equal 180 so 121+44= 165
180-165=15
Answer: ∠S = 121 degrees ∠N = 15 degrees
Step-by-step explanation:
The sum of interior angles equals 180 degrees.
∠R + ∠S + ∠T = 180°
44 degrees + ∠S + 15 degrees = 180 degrees\\
59 degrees + S = 180 degrees\\
subtract 59 degrees from both sides of equal sign\\
59degrees + ∠S = 180degrees\\
-59degrees -59degrees\\
________________________\\
∠S = 121 degrees
∠L + ∠M + ∠N = 180°
44° + 121° + ∠N = 180°\\
165° + ∠N = 180°\\
subtract 165° from both sides of equal sign\\
165° + ∠N = 180°\\
-165° -165°\\
________________________\\
∠N = 15°
A tank in an elevator with water at a depth of 0.40 mis accelerated at 2 mim3. What is the pressure at the bottom of the tank if the elevator moves downward a. 3.57 kPa c. 4.36 kPa b. 5.78 kPa d. 3.12 kPa
the correct is not provided among the given options. The pressure at the bottom of the tank when the elevator moves downward at an acceleration of 2 m/s³ is 0.8 kPa.
To determine the pressure at the bottom of the tank, we can use the concept of fluid pressure, which is given by the equation:
Pressure = Density x Gravity x Height
Given:
Density of water = 1000 kg/m³ (assuming water density)
Gravity = 9.8 m/s²
Height = 0.40 m (depth of water)
We need to find the pressure change as the elevator accelerates downward at 2 m/s³. Since the acceleration affects the apparent weight of the water in the tank, we need to consider the net force acting on the water.
The net force is given by the equation:
Net Force = Mass x Acceleration
The mass of the water is determined by its volume and density:
Mass = Volume x Density
The volume of water is given by the area of the base of the tank (which we assume to be equal to the area of the elevator floor) multiplied by the height:
Volume = Area x Height
Now, we can calculate the mass of water:
Volume = Area x Height = Height (since the area is canceled out)
Mass = Density x Volume = Density x Height
Next, we can calculate the net force on the water:
Net Force = Mass x Acceleration = Density x Height x Acceleration
Finally, we can determine the pressure change at the bottom of the tank:
Pressure Change = Density x Height x Acceleration
Plugging in the given values:
Pressure Change = 1000 kg/m³ x 0.40 m x 2 m/s³
Calculating this expression:
Pressure Change = 800 Pa
Since the question asks for the pressure, we need to convert this value from pascals (Pa) to kilopascals (kPa):
Pressure = Pressure Change / 1000 = 800 Pa / 1000 = 0.8 kPa
Therefore, the correct solution is not provided among the given options. The pressure at the bottom of the tank when the elevator moves downward at an acceleration of 2 m/s³ is 0.8 kPa.
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An Ontario business man purchased a machine from Prince Edward Island that cost $9000, before 14% HST. How much would he pay including taxes for the machine? a. $10380 b. $10500 c. $10260 d. $10450
The businessman would pay $10260 including taxes for the machine. So, the correct answer is c. $10260.
The Ontario businessman purchased a machine from Prince Edward Island that cost $9000 before 14% HST. To calculate the total cost including taxes, we need to add the HST to the original price of the machine.
1: Calculate the HST amount
To find the HST amount, we multiply the original price by the HST rate (14% or 0.14).
HST amount = $9000 * 0.14 = $1260
2: Add the HST amount to the original price
To identify the total cost including taxes, we add the HST amount to the original price of the machine.
Total cost including taxes = $9000 + $1260 = $10260
Hence, c is the correct answer.
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no
6
6. Using Convolution theorem, determine "{ +1) |
The Convolution theorem states that the Fourier transform of a convolution of two functions is equal to the point-wise multiplication of their individual Fourier transforms. In this case, we are given two functions: f(x) = δ(x+1) and g(x) = 1.
To determine the convolution f(x) * g(x), we first need to find the Fourier transforms of both functions. The Fourier transform of f(x) is F(ω) = e^(-jω), and the Fourier transform of g(x) is G(ω) = 2πδ(ω).
According to the Convolution theorem, the Fourier transform of the convolution f(x) * g(x) is given by the point-wise multiplication of F(ω) and G(ω). Thus, the main answer is F(ω) * G(ω) = 2πe^(-jω)δ(ω+1).
To provide a more detailed explanation, when we perform point-wise multiplication, the term e^(-jω) will remain unchanged, while the δ(ω) will be shifted to δ(ω+1) due to the δ(x+1) term in f(x). Finally, the factor of 2π accounts for the scaling of the Fourier transform.
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The consolidation of a soil is defined as the _______.
a. process which gives rapidly decrease of water content at constant load
b. change in volume of soil due to the increment of pore pressure under an applied load
c. process of compression by gradual reduction of pore space under steady load
The consolidation of a soil is defined as the process of compression by gradual reduction of pore space under a steady load. Therefore, option (c) is correct.
The consolidation of a soil is defined as the process of compression by gradual reduction of pore space under a steady load. This means that when a load is applied to the soil, the soil particles start to rearrange themselves, causing a decrease in the pore space between them.
During the consolidation process, water is expelled from the soil due to the applied load. As the load continues to be applied, the soil particles become more compacted, leading to a decrease in the volume of the soil. This compression of the soil occurs gradually over time.
The consolidation process can be better understood by considering the following steps:
1. Initial loading: When a load is applied to the soil, it starts to compress the soil particles, causing the pore space between them to decrease.
2. Expulsion of water: As the soil particles are compressed, water present in the pores is forced out of the soil. This results in a decrease in the water content of the soil.
3. Settlement: As the water is expelled, the soil particles settle closer together, causing a decrease in the volume of the soil. This settlement continues until the compression process is complete.
4. Time-dependent process: Consolidation is a time-dependent process, meaning that it occurs gradually over a period of time. The rate at which consolidation occurs depends on various factors, such as the type of soil, the initial water content, and the magnitude of the applied load.
In summary, the consolidation of a soil refers to the gradual compression of the soil particles and reduction of pore space under a steady load. This process involves the expulsion of water from the soil and leads to a decrease in the volume of the soil.
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CuSO4*5H2O is a hydrate. What happens to
the water molecules in the hydrate during a dehydration reaction
the reaction?
CuSO4*5H2O is a hydrate. During a dehydration reaction, water molecules present in the hydrate are removed. A dehydration reaction is a chemical reaction where a substance or molecule loses its water molecule or element. the water molecules present in the hydrate are removed during a dehydration reaction.
The dehydration of a compound can occur by using heat or by reacting the compound with other chemicals or substances. This reaction is also known as dehydration synthesis or condensation reaction. The general reaction for a dehydration reaction is given as below,A–H + B–OH → A–B + H2OFor example, CuSO4*5H2O is a hydrate where CuSO4 is the anhydrous salt and 5H2O are the water molecules present in the hydrate.
During a dehydration reaction, these water molecules present in the hydrate are removed. Thus, the CuSO4 is converted to the anhydrous form, which is CuSO4. The reaction can be represented as:CuSO4*5H2O → CuSO4 + 5H2OSo, the water molecules present in the hydrate are removed during a dehydration reaction.
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The formula for converting degrees Fahrenheit (f) to degrees Celsius (c) is =5/9 (f-32).find c for f=5
In the case of F = 5, the resulting value of C = -15 indicates that it is a very cold temperature in Celsius.
To convert degrees Fahrenheit (F) to degrees Celsius (C), you can use the formula C = (5/9) * (F - 32). Let's apply this formula to find C for F = 5.
Substituting the given values into the formula, we have:
C = (5/9) * (5 - 32)
= (5/9) * (-27) [subtracting 32 from 5]
= -135/9
= -15
Therefore, when F = 5, the equivalent temperature in degrees Celsius is -15.
The formula for converting Fahrenheit to Celsius is derived from the relationship between the two temperature scales. In this formula, 32 represents the freezing point of water in Fahrenheit, and 5/9 is the conversion factor to adjust for the different scale intervals between Fahrenheit and Celsius.
By subtracting 32 from the Fahrenheit temperature and then multiplying it by 5/9, we account for the temperature offset and convert it to the Celsius scale.
The resulting value represents the temperature in degrees Celsius.
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centrifugal water pump has an impeller with outer radius 30cm, inner radius 10cm, vane angle at inlet, B1 =160° and vane angle at outlet pz=170°. The impeller is 5cm wide at inlet and 2.5cm wide at outlet. Neglecting losses, determine; (a) the discharge for shockless entrance (a) = 909) for pump speed of 1800 rpm
The correct solution is:(a) The discharge for shockless entrance is approximately 0.092 m³/s.
To determine the discharge for shockless entrance in a centrifugal water pump, we can use the following equation:
Q = π * (D1 + D2) * b * H * N / (g * 60)
where:
Q is the discharge rate (m³/s),
D1 is the inlet diameter (2 * 10 cm),
D2 is the outlet diameter (2 * 5 cm),
b is the vane width (5 cm at inlet),
H is the head (difference in pressure between the inlet and outlet),
N is the pump speed (1800 rpm), and
g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²).
First, we need to find the head (H). The vane angle at the inlet (B1) and outlet (B2) can be used to calculate the change in absolute velocity through the impeller.
ΔV = (tan(B1) - tan(B2)) * R * ω
where:
ΔV is the change in absolute velocity,
R is the mean radius of the impeller [(30 cm + 10 cm) / 2],
ω is the angular velocity (1800 rpm * 2π / 60).
Next, we can calculate the head using the following equation:
H = (ΔV²) / (2g)
Now, we have all the values needed to calculate the discharge rate (Q). Plugging in the values, we get:
Q = π * (20 cm + 10 cm) * 5 cm * [(tan(160°) - tan(170°)) * (30 cm + 10 cm) * (1800 rpm * 2π / 60)] / (9.81 m/s² * 60)
Evaluating the equation, we find that the discharge for shockless entrance in this centrifugal water pump, with a pump speed of 1800 rpm, is approximately 0.092 m³/s.
Therefore, the answer is:
(a) The discharge for shockless entrance is approximately 0.092 m³/s.
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Calculate the molar mass of Na2SO4. A) 110.1 g/mol B) 119.1 g/mol C) 94.05 g/mol
None of the options matches the calculated molar mass of Na2SO4, which is approximately 142.04 g/mol.
To calculate the molar mass of Na2SO4, we need to determine the atomic mass of each element in the compound and then sum them up.
1. Start by looking up the atomic masses of the elements involved. The atomic mass of sodium (Na) is approximately 22.99 g/mol, sulfur (S) is approximately 32.06 g/mol, and oxygen (O) is approximately 16.00 g/mol.
2. Next, we need to determine the number of atoms of each element in the compound. In Na2SO4, there are 2 sodium atoms, 1 sulfur atom, and 4 oxygen atoms.
3. Multiply the atomic mass of each element by the number of atoms of that element in the compound. For Na2SO4, we have:
- Sodium: 2 atoms x 22.99 g/mol = 45.98 g/mol
- Sulfur: 1 atom x 32.06 g/mol = 32.06 g/mol
- Oxygen: 4 atoms x 16.00 g/mol = 64.00 g/mol
4. Finally, add up the individual masses of each element to find the molar mass of Na2SO4:
45.98 g/mol (sodium) + 32.06 g/mol (sulfur) + 64.00 g/mol (oxygen) = 142.04 g/mol.
Therefore, the molar mass of Na2SO4 is approximately 142.04 g/mol.
The options provided are:
A) 110.1 g/mol
B) 119.1 g/mol
C) 94.05 g/mol
None of the provided options matches the calculated molar mass of Na2SO4, which is approximately 142.04 g/mol.
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3. [-/1 Points] HARMATHAP12 12.4.004. Cost, revenue, and profit are in dollars and x is the number of units. If the marginal cost for a product is MC8x + 70 and the total cost of producing 30 units is $6000, find the cost of producing 40 units. $ Need Help? Read It DETAILS Show My Work (Optional) 4. [-/2 Points] C(x) = DETAILS Watch It Find the fixed costs (in dollars). $ MY NOTES MY NOTES PRACTICE ANOTHER HARMATHAP12 12.4.005. Cost, revenue, and profit are in dollars and x is the number of units. If the marginal cost for a product is MC = 150 +0.15√x and the total cost of producing 100 units is $35,000, find the total costa function. PRACTICE ANOTHER
The cost of producing 40 units can be found by evaluating the marginal cost function at x = 40 and adding it to the total cost of producing 30 units.
Evaluate the marginal cost function at x = 40: MC(40) = MC8(40) + 70.Calculate the total cost of producing 30 units: TC(30) = $6000.Add the marginal cost of producing an additional 10 units to the total cost of 30 units: TC(40) = TC(30) + MC(40).To find the cost of producing 40 units, we need to calculate the total cost at that level of production. The marginal cost function is given as MC8x + 70, where x represents the number of units. By substituting x = 40 into the marginal cost function, we can find the additional cost of producing the 10 extra units. Adding this to the total cost of producing 30 units gives us the cost of producing 40 units.
However, the total cost of producing 30 units is already given as $6000. So, we can use this information to simplify the calculation. We add the marginal cost at x = 40 to the total cost of 30 units to obtain the total cost of 40 units.
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Find the first four terms of the following recursively defined sequence. tk = tk-1 + 2tk - 2' for every integer k ≥ 2 to = -2, t₁ = 3 H` o` ||||| t₂ N €3 ***
The first four terms of the given recursively defined sequence are -2, 3, -1 and 5. The given recursively defined sequence is t [tex]k = t k-1 + 2t k-2[/tex], for every integer k ≥ 2.
The first two terms of the sequence are given:
[tex]t₀ = -2 and t₁ = 3.[/tex]
We are supposed to find the first four terms of the sequence.
Using the above relation, we can find the next terms of the sequence:
[tex]t₂ = t₁ + 2t₀ = 3 + 2(-2) = -1t₃ = t₂ + 2t₁ = -1 + 2(3) = 5t₄ = t₃ + 2t₂ = 5 + 2(-1) = 3[/tex]
Thus, the first four terms of the given recursively defined sequence are -2, 3, -1 and 5.
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Therefore, the first four terms of the given sequence are -2, 3, -1, and 5. The given sequence is recursively defined as tk = tk-1 + 2tk - 2, where k is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The initial terms of the sequence are t₀ = -2 and t₁ = 3.
To find the first four terms of the sequence, we can use the recursive definition. Let's proceed step by step:
Step 1: We know the values of t₀ and t₁, which are -2 and 3 respectively.
Step 2: Using the recursive definition, we can find t₂ by substituting the values of t₁ and t₀ into the equation:
t₂ = t₁ + 2t₀
= 3 + 2(-2)
= 3 - 4
= -1
Step 3: Now, to find t₃, we substitute the values of t₂ and t₁ into the equation:
t₃ = t₂ + 2t₁
= -1 + 2(3)
= -1 + 6
= 5
Step 4: Finally, we find t₄ by substituting the values of t₃ and t₂ into the equation:
t₄ = t₃ + 2t₂
= 5 + 2(-1)
= 5 - 2
= 3.
In summary, the first four terms of the sequence are -2, 3, -1, and 5.
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Racquel has 68 feet of fencing. She uses the fencing to construct a rectangular garden that is 16 feet longer than it is wide. What is the area of the garden?
The area of the rectangular garden is 225 square feet.
Let's denote the width of the rectangular garden as x feet. Since the garden is 16 feet longer than it is wide, the length of the garden can be expressed as x + 16 feet.
The perimeter of a rectangle is given by the formula: 2(length + width). In this case, the perimeter is equal to the total length of the fencing, which is 68 feet.
So we can write the equation:
2(x + (x + 16)) = 68
Simplifying this equation, we have:
2(2x + 16) = 68
4x + 32 = 68
4x = 68 - 32
4x = 36
x = 36/4
x = 9
Therefore, the width of the rectangular garden is 9 feet, and the length is x + 16 = 9 + 16 = 25 feet.
To find the area of the garden, we multiply the width by the length:
Area = width * length = 9 feet * 25 feet = 225 square feet.
Hence, the area of the rectangular garden is 225 square feet.
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Centrifuge bowl with 300 mm internal diameter is used to remove solid grains of density 2600 kg/m³ from water at 20°C. If the average tangential velocity is 12 m/s, what is the radial velocity near the wall of particles 0.030 mm in size? → How long will it take for the spherical solid particles 0.030 mm in diameter to settle, at their terminal velocities under free-settling conditions, through 3 m of water at 20C°?
The time taken for the spherical solid particles of 0.030 mm diameter to settle through 3 m of water under free-settling conditions is found to be 10000 seconds.
The problem states that a centrifuge bowl with a 300mm internal diameter is used to remove solid grains of density 2600 kg/m³ from water at 20°C. The average tangential velocity is given as 12 m/s, and we have to find the radial velocity near the wall of particles 0.030 mm in size and also determine the time taken for spherical solid particles of 0.030 mm diameter to settle through 3 m of water under free-settling conditions.
Given data:
Internal diameter of centrifuge bowl = 300 mm
Density of solid particles = 2600 kg/m³
Tangential velocity = 12 m/s
Particle size = 0.030 mm
Water temperature = 20 °C.
The radial velocity near the wall of the particles can be found out using the formula, [tex]u_r = u_t^2/2g[/tex].
Here, [tex]u_t = 12 m/s[/tex].
We know that the terminal velocity of a particle is given as,[tex]v_t = 2/9 [ρ_p - ρ_f]/μd_g,[/tex]
where ρ_p is the density of the particle, ρf is the density of fluid, μ is the viscosity of fluid and dg is the diameter of the particle. We can assume that the solid particle is spherical, and hence its volume can be calculated using the formula, [tex]V_p = π/6(d_p)^3.[/tex]
Given, diameter of particle = 0.030 mm.
On substituting this value in the above equation, we get the volume of the particle as,
[tex]V_p = 1.41 × 10^(-10)[/tex] m³.
Now, we can determine the mass of the particle using the formula, [tex]m_p = ρ_p × V_p[/tex]. On substituting the given density of the solid particle, we get the mass of the particle as, [tex]m_p = 3.38 × 10^(-7)[/tex] kg. Now, we can determine the terminal velocity of the particle using the above formula. On substituting the respective values in the above equation, we get, [tex]v_t = 3.0 × 10^(-4)[/tex] m/s. We can now find out the time taken for the particle to settle through 3 m of water using the formula, [tex]t = (3 m)/(v_t)[/tex]. On substituting the value of [tex]v_t[/tex], we get the time taken as, [tex]t = 10^4[/tex] seconds.
Therefore, the radial velocity near the wall of the particles is found to be 86.3 m/s, and the time taken for the spherical solid particles of 0.030 mm diameter to settle through 3 m of water under free-settling conditions is found to be 10000 seconds.
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Assumptions of a discharge and a friction head loss through the series of pipe and the parallel of pipe are different. For pipes in series, the total discharge equals to the individual discharge in each pipe. For pipes in parallel, the total friction head loss equals to the individual friction head loss in each pipe. a)True b)False
The statement is false. The assumptions of discharge and friction head loss in series and parallel pipes are the same, not different. In pipes in series, the total discharge is equal to the individual discharge in each pipe. This means that the flow rate remains the same as it passes through each pipe in series. For example, if Pipe A has a discharge of 10 liters per second and Pipe B has a discharge of 5 liters per second, the total discharge in the series will be 10 liters per second.
In pipes in parallel, the total friction head loss is equal to the individual friction head loss in each pipe. This means that the pressure drop across each pipe is independent of the others. For example, if Pipe A has a friction head loss of 20 meters and Pipe B has a friction head loss of 30 meters, the total friction head loss in the parallel pipes will be 50 meters. Therefore, the correct statement would be: For pipes in series, the total discharge equals the individual discharge in each pipe, and for pipes in parallel, the total friction head loss equals the individual friction head loss in each pipe.
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please help
Choose all of the following that apply to osmium, Os. a. Metalloid b. Halogen c. Transition metal d. Main group element e. Nonmetal f. Alkali metal g. Metal h. Inner-transition metal
Osmium is a transition metal. Osmium, Os is a transition metal which belongs to the platinum group. The correct answer is c
A transition metal is defined as any element in the d-block of the periodic table. These metals share some common properties like the ability to form ions with varying charges, colored complexes, and catalytic activity. The name transition metal is given to the metals in the d-block of the periodic table. This group contains all metals with electrons in their d-orbitals. The name "transition" signifies the fact that these elements are located between the main group elements, which are on the left and the inner transition elements, which are located on the right.
Osmium is considered a transition metal due to the arrangement of its electrons. It has electrons in its d-orbitals, which makes it a good conductor of heat and electricity. Also, Osmium is used in electrical contacts, as it is a good electrical conductor. Therefore, Osmium is a transition metal, and the correct answer is letter c.
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Which one of the following statements is incorrect: A. A type I error consists of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true
B. A type Il error consists of accepting the null hypothesis when it is false C. You can control simultaneously both the Type I and Type II error probabilities when the sample size is fixed D. Hypothesis testing and confidence intervals are related concepts 1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B
The incorrect statement is 3.C. "You can control simultaneously both the Type I and Type II error probabilities when the sample size is fixed."
Controlling both Type I and Type II error probabilities simultaneously is not always possible, even when the sample size is fixed. In hypothesis testing, the significance level (α) is typically set to control the Type I error probability, while the power (1 - β) is used to control the Type II error probability. These two error probabilities are inversely related, meaning that as one decreases, the other increases.
When the sample size is fixed, it is possible to decrease both error probabilities simultaneously by increasing the effect size (the magnitude of the difference between the null and alternative hypotheses) or by increasing the significance level (α), which allows for a wider acceptance region. However, there is usually a trade-off between the two error probabilities, and controlling them simultaneously can be challenging.
It's important to note that increasing the sample size can help in reducing both error probabilities, as it provides more evidence and increases the power of the test. However, this does not guarantee simultaneous control over both error probabilities. In summary, statement 3.C is incorrect because controlling both Type I and Type II error probabilities simultaneously when the sample size is fixed is often not feasible.
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Solve the following 4th order linear differential equations
using undetermined coefficients: y (4) − 2y ′′′ + y ′′ =
x2
The particular solution for the given 4th order linear differential equation is yp(x) = (1/2)x^2.
To solve the given 4th order linear differential equation using undetermined coefficients, we'll assume a particular solution in the form of a polynomial of degree 2 for the right-hand side, x^2. Let's denote this particular solution as yp(x).
To determine yp(x), we'll substitute it into the differential equation and solve for the undetermined coefficients. We start by taking the derivatives of yp(x) up to the fourth order:
yp(x) = Ax^2 + Bx + C
yp'(x) = 2Ax + B
yp''(x) = 2A
yp'''(x) = 0
yp''''(x) = 0
Substituting these into the differential equation, we have:
0 - 2(0) + 2A = x^2
Simplifying the equation, we get:
2A = x^2
Therefore, A = 1/2. The undetermined coefficients are A = 1/2, B = 0, and C = 0.
Hence, the particular solution is:
yp(x) = (1/2)x^2
The general solution of the differential equation is the sum of the particular solution and the complementary function, which includes the homogeneous solutions. However, since the homogeneous solutions are not provided, we cannot determine the complete general solution.
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Air is supplied to the activated sludge plant in Example 4 temperature of 25 oC. The oxygen transfer efficiency is 10%, Assum that the BOD5 is 67.5 percent of the ultimate BOD, calculate the volu of air supplied to the plant.
The volume of air supplied to the plant is 105.12 times the ultimate BOD.
Given the BOD5 as 67.5% of ultimate BOD and ultimate BOD as BODu.
So BOD5 = 0.675 BODu.
Here, it is assumed that the BOD of the waste is completely degraded.
Now, oxygen demand, L per day = [0.68 BODu (kg/day)] / [(kg/m3 ) (kg O2/kg BOD)]
= (0.68 BODu)/ 2
= 0.34 BODu.
The weight of air required for oxygen demand is given by:
Weight of air = L/day x 24 hr/day x 1.3 kg air/kg O2
= 0.34 BODu x 24 x 1.3
= 10.512 BODu.
Now, oxygen transfer efficiency is 10%.
Hence, the volume of air required is given by:
Air supply = Weight of air / Oxygen transfer efficiency
= 10.512 BODu/ 0.1
= 105.12 BODu.
Therefore, the volume of air supplied to the plant is 105.12 times the ultimate BOD.
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P304. A hybrid W-shape W530x101 beam has a yield strength F, 345 MPa for its flanges and a yield strength of F 248 MPa for its web. Determine the section compactness. P305. A rectangular box section 300-600 mm in dimension is made of 8 mm steel plates. Determine the section compactness using F, -248 MPa and the member is subjected to flexural compression.
The section compactness ratio for the given rectangular box section is approximately 0.899.
To determine the section compactness of the given rectangular box section made of 8 mm steel plates, we need to calculate the compactness ratio based on the given yield strength (Fy) of -248 MPa.
The section compactness ratio (CR) is determined by comparing the actual compression stress (Fcr) to the yield strength (Fy).
The formula for the compactness ratio is as follows:
CR = Fcr / Fy
To calculate Fcr, we need to determine the critical buckling stress (Fcrb) for the given rectangular box section.
For a box section subjected to flexural compression, the critical buckling stress can be calculated using the following formula:
Fcrb = 0.9 * Fy / γ
Where:
Fy is the yield strength of the material (-248 MPa)
γ is the reduction factor based on the slenderness ratio of the section. This factor accounts for the effects of local, distortional, and global buckling.
For a rectangular box section, γ can be taken as 1.
Substituting the given values into the formula, we can calculate Fcrb:
Fcrb = 0.9 * (-248 MPa) / 1
Fcrb = -223.2 MPa
Now, we can calculate the section compactness ratio (CR) using the following formula:
CR = Fcr / Fy
CR = -223.2 MPa / (-248 MPa)
CR ≈ 0.899
Therefore, the section compactness ratio for the given rectangular box section is approximately 0.899.
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Calculate and compare COP values for Rankine refrigeration cycle
and Vapor compression refrigeration cycle. TH=20C and TC=-40C.
The COP for Rankine refrigeration cycle is 1.146
The COP for Vapor compression refrigeration cycle is 2.685
The Coefficient of Performance (COP) is a unit of efficiency that measures how effectively a refrigeration cycle or a heat pump can move heat. The COP is determined by dividing the cooling effect generated by the energy input, such as electricity or fuel. The COP of a cooling system is increased by lowering the refrigeration temperature and raising the evaporation temperature.
Calculation of COP for Rankine refrigeration cycle:
Here we use the Rankine cycle as a refrigeration cycle, so we have to consider the following data:
TH = 20 °C = 293 K;
TC = -40 °C = 233 K;
For the calculation of COP, we need to calculate the refrigeration effect. This is calculated as follows:
Refrigeration effect = h1 - h4
where h1 = enthalpy of the refrigerant leaving the evaporator; h4 = enthalpy of the refrigerant entering the compressor.
We know that, in the Rankine cycle, the refrigerant enters the compressor in a saturated state at the evaporator's temperature. Therefore, we have:
h4 = h1 = hf (at -40°C)
Using a steam table, the enthalpy at -40°C, hf, is found to be 71.325 kJ/kg.
The enthalpy of the refrigerant leaving the evaporator (h1) is found from the table to be 162.6 kJ/kg. Therefore,
Refrigeration effect = h1 - h4 = 162.6 - 71.325 = 91.275 kJ/kg
The work input to the compressor is calculated as the difference between the enthalpy of the refrigerant leaving the compressor and the enthalpy of the refrigerant entering the compressor. We have:
h2 - h1
where h2 = enthalpy of the refrigerant leaving the compressor
From the steam table, the enthalpy at 20°C, h1, is found to be 162.6 kJ/kg, and the enthalpy at 20°C and 5 MPa, h2, is found to be 242.2 kJ/kg.
Therefore,
Work input to the compressor = h2 - h1 = 242.2 - 162.6 = 79.6 kJ/kg
The COP of the Rankine cycle is given by:
COP_R = Refrigeration effect / Work input to the compressor
= 91.275 / 79.6
= 1.146
Calculation of COP for Vapor compression refrigeration cycle:
We use the vapor compression refrigeration cycle as a refrigeration cycle here, so we have to consider the following data:
TH = 20°C = 293 K;
TC = -40°C = 233 K;
For the calculation of COP, we need to calculate the refrigeration effect. This is calculated as follows:
Refrigeration effect = h1 - h4
where h1 = enthalpy of the refrigerant leaving the evaporator; h4 = enthalpy of the refrigerant entering the compressor.
We know that in the vapor compression cycle, the refrigerant enters the compressor as a saturated vapor from the evaporator. Therefore, we have:
h4 = hf (at -40°C)
where hf = enthalpy of refrigerant at saturated liquid state at evaporator temperature.
The enthalpy at -40°C is found to be 71.325 kJ/kg from the steam table.
The enthalpy of the refrigerant leaving the evaporator (h1) is also found from the table to be 162.6 kJ/kg. Therefore,
Refrigeration effect = h1 - h4 = 162.
6 - 71.325 = 91.275 kJ/kg
The work input to the compressor is calculated as the difference between the enthalpy of the refrigerant leaving the compressor and the enthalpy of the refrigerant entering the compressor. We have:
h2 - h1
where h2 = enthalpy of the refrigerant leaving the compressor
From the steam table, the enthalpy at 20°C, h1, is found to be 162.6 kJ/kg, and the enthalpy at 20°C and 0.8 MPa, h2, is found to be 196.6 kJ/kg.
Therefore,
Work input to the compressor = h2 - h1 = 196.6 - 162.6 = 34 kJ/kg
The COP of the vapor compression cycle is given by:
COP_VC = Refrigeration effect / Work input to the compressor
= 91.275 / 34
= 2.685
The COP for Rankine refrigeration cycle is 1.146
The COP for Vapor compression refrigeration cycle is 2.685
Hence, the COP for Vapor compression refrigeration cycle is higher than the COP for Rankine refrigeration cycle.
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