Chemistry High School

Need help with these chemistry quesions about mole ratios. There's an image linked to this. Please help

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Answer 1

1) moles Al : moles of HCl

2 : 6

simplifying the ratio;

1 : 3

2) [tex]HCl : AlCl_{3}[/tex]

6 : 2

3 : 1

3) [tex]Al : AlCl_{3}[/tex]

2 : 2

1 : 1

4) [tex]HCl : H_{2}[/tex]

6 : 3

2 : 1

5) [tex]HCl : H_{2}[/tex]

2 : 1

6 : x

x = 6/2

x = 3 moles

6) [tex]HCl : H_{2}[/tex]

2 : 1

12 : x

x = 12/2

x = 6 moles

7) [tex]HCl : H_{2}[/tex]

2 : 1

3 : x

x = 3/2 moles

Related Questions

if a 9.48g of hydrosulfuric acid is reacte with 6.35g of silver nitrate calculate the mass in g of solid silver sulifde formed

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Therefore, the mass of silver sulfide formed when 9.48 g of hydrosulfuric acid is reacted with 6.35 g of silver nitrate is 2.238 g.

When 9.48 g of hydrosulfuric acid is reacted with 6.35 g of silver nitrate, the reaction forms solid silver sulfide. The equation for this reaction is:

H₂S + 2 AgNO₃ → Ag₂S + 2 HNO₃.

To calculate the mass of silver sulfide formed, we need to use the mole ratio of the two reactants. We know that the molecular weight of silver nitrate is 169.88 g/mol and the molecular weight of hydrosulfuric acid is 34.08 g/mol.

Using the mole ratio, we can find the moles of each reactant:

9.48 g/34.08 g/mol = 0.2786 moles of H₂S and 6.35 g/169.88 g/mol = 0.0373 moles of AgNO₃.

Since the reaction forms 1 mole of Ag₂S for every 2 moles of AgNO3, we can calculate the moles of Ag₂S formed: (0.0373 moles of AgNO₃ x 1 mole of Ag₂S)/2 moles of AgNO₃ = 0.01865 moles of AgS.

Now, using the molecular weight of silver sulfide (119.97 g/mol), we can calculate the mass of silver sulfide formed: 0.01865 moles of Ag₂S x 119.97 g/mol = 2.238 g of Ag₂S.

Therefore, the mass of silver sulfide formed when 9.48 g of hydrosulfuric acid is reacted with 6.35 g of silver nitrate is 2.238 g.

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the difference between the free-energy content of the reactants and the free-energy content of the products is also referred to as the .

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The difference between the free-energy content of the reactants and the free-energy content of the products is also referred to as the free energy change (or ΔG).

What is Gibbs free energy?

The Gibbs free energy (G) is a state function that provides information about the spontaneity of a chemical reaction at a specified temperature, pressure, and concentration. It's also known as Gibbs energy or Gibbs function.It is the energy required to convert a substance from one form to another in a constant temperature and pressure environment.

Gibbs free energy indicates the maximum amount of work that a thermodynamic system can do on its surroundings during an isothermal, isobaric process. The Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) is determined by the difference between the free-energy content of the reactants and the free-energy content of the products, as you mentioned in your question.

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Answer:

Multiple scientists, including Albert Einstein, David Bohm, John Bell, and Roger Penrose, have challenged certain aspects of quantum theory due to differing views about particle behavior, hidden variables, and consciousness. Despite the challenges, quantum theory remains widely accepted as one of the most accurate and well-tested frameworks in modern physics.

This is done by the (8) _____, where it is assumed the topmost layer is the youngest and the bottom-most layer is the oldest

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This is done by the process of stratigraphy, where it is assumed that the topmost layer is the youngest and the bottom-most layer is the oldest.

Stratigraphy is a branch of geology that deals with the study of rock layers (strata) and their relative positions in order to determine the geologic history and the sequence of events that led to their formation. By analyzing the characteristics of the strata, such as their composition, texture, and fossil content, scientists can make inferences about past environmental conditions and the evolution of life on Earth. Stratigraphy is an important tool for geologists and paleontologists to understand the geologic history of a region and the relationships between different rock formations.

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a student needs to prepare a buffer made from ch3cooh and with ph . if ka for is , what ratio of is required?

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To prepare a buffer with a pH of 4.00, you need to mix acetic acid (CH3COOH) and its conjugate base acetate (CH3COO-). The ratio of acetic acid to acetate is determined by the Ka (the acid dissociation constant) of acetic acid, which is 1.8 x 10-5.

The formula for calculating the ratio of acetic acid to acetate is: [CH3COOH]/[CH3COO-] = Ka/pH. For the pH of 4.00, the ratio is: [CH3COOH]/[CH3COO-] = 1.8 x 10-5/4.00.

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can be used to calculate the ratio of conjugate acid and base needed to prepare a buffer. It is as follows: pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]), where [A-] is the concentration of the conjugate base, [HA] is the concentration of the acid, and pKa is the acid dissociation constant (Ka) expressed in logarithmic form. The ratio of [A-]/[HA] can be calculated by rearranging this equation as follows:[A-]/[HA] = 10^(pH - pKa)So, to prepare a buffer with a pH of 5.5 using CH3COOH (acetic acid), which has a Ka of 1.8 x 10^-5, the ratio of [CH3COO-] to [CH3COOH] should be:[CH3COO-]/[CH3COOH] = 10^(5.5 - 4.74) = 3.55.

Therefore, the ratio of [CH3COO-] to [CH3COOH] in the buffer should be 3.55.

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Some advantages of using photoredox dyes compared to transition metal catalysts include increased selectivity, cost-effectiveness, broad substrate scope, and enhanced reaction efficiency.

Selectivity refers to the ability to promote a single desired reaction and minimize unwanted side reactions. Photoredox dyes tend to have higher selectivity than transition metal catalysts, meaning they are more effective at promoting the desired reaction while reducing the formation of byproducts.

Cost-effectiveness is an important factor when it comes to chemical reactions. Photoredox dyes tend to be cheaper than transition metal catalysts, making them more appealing for those on a budget.

The broad substrate scope of photoredox dyes allows for the reaction of a wide variety of compounds, whereas transition metal catalysts are usually limited to certain types of substrates.

Finally, photoredox dyes often have enhanced reaction efficiency compared to transition metal catalysts. This means they can carry out the same reaction faster and with a higher yield.

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which type of chemical reaction occurs when natural gas is burned?(1 point) responses exothermic exothermic endothermic endothermic replacement replacement decomposition

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The type of chemical reaction that occurs when natural gas is burned is exothermic.

A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the formation of a new substance. During a chemical reaction, the atoms of the original substance are rearranged to create new molecules or compounds. In this process, the bonds between atoms break apart and reform, leading to the creation of new substances. Natural gas is a fossil fuel that is used to generate electricity, heat homes and buildings, and fuel vehicles. It is a hydrocarbon gas that is primarily composed of methane. It is a widely used source of energy due to its abundance, low cost, and relatively low environmental impact. An exothermic reaction is a type of chemical reaction that releases energy in the form of heat or light. During this reaction, the products of the reaction have less energy than the reactants. This energy is released into the surroundings as heat or light. The combustion of natural gas is an exothermic reaction. When natural gas is burned, it reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy. The reaction is exothermic because the energy of the products is less than the energy of the reactants, and the difference in energy is released as heat into the surroundings.

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exposing a molecule to ir radiation causes what molecular change? electron ejection electron excitation vibrational excitation change of nuclear spin rotation of bonds

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When a molecule is exposed to infrared radiation, the molecular change is c. a vibrational excitation.

Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation that has a wavelength longer than visible light but shorter than microwaves. It is also known as heat radiation since it produces heat upon exposure to matter. Infrared radiation is used in various fields such as astronomy, meteorology, physics, and chemistry. It can detect celestial objects, measure temperature and atmospheric conditions, and identify molecular structures in chemistry.

Molecules absorb infrared radiation when the frequency of the radiation matches the natural vibration frequency of the molecule. The energy from the IR radiation is absorbed by the molecule's vibrational motion, leading to a change in the molecule's vibrational state.The absorbed energy causes the bonds in the molecule to stretch, contract, or bend. This energy can break the bonds, rearrange the atoms, or create new bonds, which leads to chemical changes in the molecule. Vibrational excitation is a common way to study molecular structure and function.

Summary, when a molecule is exposed to infrared radiation, it undergoes a vibrational excitation. Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation that has a longer wavelength than visible light but shorter than microwaves. Molecules absorb infrared radiation when the frequency of the radiation matches the natural vibration frequency of the molecule.

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which elementary step has the highest energy of activation in the sn1 mechanism for the substitution reaction of (ch3)3coh with hx?multiple choice question.nucleophilic capture of the carbocationloss of h2o to form the intermediate carbocationprotonation of the alcohol

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The highest energy of activation in the SN1 mechanism for the substitution reaction of (CH3)3COH with HX is nucleophilic capture of the carbocation.

During this step, a nucleophile (such as HX) attacks the positive charge on the carbocation, forming a new bond and breaking an existing bond.

This transition state has a higher energy of activation than the other steps in the reaction because it requires the greatest reorganization of the electron density.

Protonation of the alcohol has the second highest energy of activation. This step involves the nucleophile donating a proton to the alcohol, forming an oxonium ion.

This step requires an intermediate and is energetically favorable because the oxygen lone pair donates electron density to the carbon, stabilizing the charge.

Finally, the loss of H2O to form the intermediate carbocation is the lowest energy of activation. This step involves breaking the bond between the oxygen and the hydrogen, releasing water in the process.

This is energetically favorable because the carbocation is more stable than the alcohol.

In conclusion, the highest energy of activation in the SN1 mechanism for the substitution reaction of (CH3)3COH with HX is nucleophilic capture of the carbocation.

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in both parts of the activity, you conducted a second trial without having to remix the chemicals. how was this possible?

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As long as the same amount of chemicals and the same reaction conditions are used, the reaction should proceed in the same way, resulting in the same products and reactions.

Therefore, repeating the experiment using the same chemicals and conditions should yield similar results without the need to remix the chemicals. This is possible because chemical reactions follow the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed, only rearranged.

What is law of conservation?

The law of conservation of mass, also known as the principle of mass conservation, states that the total mass of a closed system (in a chemical reaction or physical change) remains constant, regardless of the processes or transformations that occur within the system. In other words, matter cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed or rearranged in a chemical reaction or physical change. This law is a fundamental principle of chemistry and is widely used in chemical calculations and experiments.

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all atoms can be easily detected by atomic emission, this is advantageous compared with atomic absorption. group of answer choices true false

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The statement, "all atoms can be easily detected by atomic emission, this is advantageous compared with atomic absorption," is false.

Atomic absorption and atomic emission spectroscopy are two commonly employed techniques for the determination of elements present in a sample.

The advantage of atomic emission spectroscopy over atomic absorption spectroscopy, and vice versa, is dependent on the particular sample to be analyzed.

The principle of atomic absorption spectroscopy is that an atom in the gaseous state absorbs ultraviolet or visible radiation to move from the ground state to an excited state.

As a result, the intensity of the transmitted radiation decreases in proportion to the concentration of the absorbing species.

When a sample is analyzed, the sample is vaporized and the amount of absorption is measured at a specific wavelength.

The amount of radiation that is absorbed by the sample is directly proportional to the amount of the analyte present in the sample.

This information can then be used to estimate the analyte's concentration in the original sample.In atomic emission spectroscopy, the sample is excited by a high-energy source, causing the atoms to reach a higher energy state.

The atoms will eventually return to their ground state by releasing the excess energy, which is emitted as light.

The frequency and intensity of the light emitted is used to determine the concentration of the analyte present in the sample. This process is known as atomic emission spectroscopy.

Atomic absorption spectroscopy is superior in cases where the analyte concentration is low or the sample is a complex mixture,

whereas atomic emission spectroscopy is superior when high sensitivity is required or when the sample contains multiple elements.

Thus, it can be concluded that not all atoms can be easily detected by atomic emission, and that both methods have advantages and disadvantages.

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2. select the system with the greatest amount of entropy. a. pure water b. 0.500 m nacl c. 0.500 m mgcl2 d. 0.500 m alcl3

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Answer: the answer is 15.009

Explanation:

the energy required to break one mole of iodine-iodine bonds in i2 is 151 kj/mol. what is the longest wavelength of light capable of breaking a single i-i bond?

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The longest wavelength of light capable of breaking a single I-I bond is approximately 787 nm (nanometers).

What is energy ?

Energy is considered a quantitative property that can be transferred from an object to perform work.

The energy required to break a mole of I2 molecules is 151 kJ/mol. We can use this information to calculate the energy required to break a single I-I bond:

Energy required to break a single I-I bond = Energy required to break one mole of I2 molecules / Avogadro's number

Energy required to break a single I-I bond = 151 kJ/mol / 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol

Energy required to break a single I-I bond = 2.51 x 10^-19 J/bond

To calculate the longest wavelength of light capable of breaking a single I-I bond, we can use the equation:

E = hc/λ

Where

E is the energy of a photon h is Planck's constant c is the speed of lightλ is the wavelength of light

We want to find the wavelength of light that has an energy of 2.51 x 10^-19 J, so we can rearrange the equation as follows:

λ = hc/E

λ = (6.626 x 10^-34 J s) x (2.998 x 10^8 m/s) / (2.51 x 10^-19 J)

λ = 7.87 x 10^-7 m

Therefore, the longest wavelength of light capable of breaking a single I-I bond is approximately 787 nm (nanometers).

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what mass of nitric acid, in grams, can be made from 481 g of ammonia? express your answer with the appropriate units.

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481 grams of ammonia can produce 1.78 kg of nitric acid.

The equation for this reaction is NH₃ + HNO₃ → NH₄NO₃ we see that 1 mole of NH₃ reacts with 1 mole of HNO₃.

Molar mass of NH₃ = 17.03 g/mol

Molar mass of HNO₃ = 63.01 g/mol

So, 1 mole of NH₃ reacts with 1 mole of HNO₃. Thus, number of moles of NH3 present = number of moles of HNO₃ produced

We need to find the mass of HNO₃ produced which is given by:

m = n x M

where m is the mass, n is the number of moles and M is the molar mass of the substance.

So,

n = mass/molar mass

Number of moles of HNO₃ produced = Number of moles of NH3 reacted

Moles of NH₃ reacted = 481 g / 17.03 g/mol

Moles of NH₃ reacted = 28.22 mol

So, moles of HNO₃ produced = 28.22 mol

Hence, the mass of nitric acid, in grams, can be made from 481 g of ammonia is 28.22 × 63.01 g = 1779 g ≈ 1.78 kg.

Thus, the mass of nitric acid that can be produced from 481 g of ammonia is 1.78 kg.

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calculate the molar mass of magnesium chloride, mgcl2. group of answer choices 125.9 g/mole 24.31 g/mole 70.90 g/mole 95.21 g/mole 59.76 g/mole

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Answer: The molar mass of magnesium chloride, MgCl2 is 95.21 g/mole.

How to calculate the molar mass of magnesium chloride, MgCl2?

The molar mass of a compound is the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms present in one molecule of that compound.

The atomic mass of magnesium is 24.31 g/mole and the atomic mass of chlorine is 35.45 g/mole (17.77 g/mole for each Cl atom).

So, the molar mass of magnesium chloride, MgCl2 is:

Molar mass of MgCl2= (Molar mass of Mg) + 2 x (Molar mass of Cl)

= 24.31 + 2 x 35.45= 95.21 g/mole

Therefore, the molar mass of magnesium chloride, MgCl2 is 95.21 g/mole.

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49.2 ml of a 0.524 m solution of hno3 is titrated with fe(oh)3. it takes 85 ml of fe(oh)3 to reach the equivalence point. what is the concentration (molarity) of the fe(oh)3? answer to 2 decimal places

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The Fe(OH)₃ solution has a content of 0.304 M.

In this titration, HNO₃ is the acid and Fe(OH)₃ is the base. At the equivalence point, all the H+ ions from the HNO₃ react with all the OH- ions from the Fe(OH)₃ to form water and the salt, Fe(NO₃)₃. We can use the balanced chemical equation for the reaction to determine the stoichiometric ratio of HNO₃ to Fe(OH)₃ and calculate the molarity of Fe(OH)₃.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:

HNO₃ + 3Fe(OH)₃ → Fe(NO₃)₃ + 3H₂O

From the equation, we see that 1 mole of HNO₃ reacts with 3 moles of Fe(OH)₃. Therefore, the number of moles of HNO₃ in the solution can be calculated as:

moles of HNO₃ = Molarity of HNO₃ x Volume of HNO₃ solution in liters

moles of HNO₃ = 0.524 M x (49.2 mL / 1000 mL/L)

moles of HNO₃ = 0.0258 mol

At the equivalence point, the number of moles of Fe(OH)₃ added is equal to the number of moles of HNO₃ in the solution. Therefore, we can calculate the molarity of Fe(OH)₃ as:

Molarity of Fe(OH)₃ = moles of Fe(OH)₃ added / Volume of Fe(OH)₃ solution in liters

Since the volume of the Fe(OH)₃ solution added is 85 mL, or 0.085 L, we can calculate the moles of Fe(OH)₃ as:

moles of Fe(OH)₃ = moles of HNO₃ = 0.0258 mol

Therefore, the molarity of Fe(OH)₃ is

Molarity of Fe(OH)₃ = 0.0258 mol / 0.085 L

Molarity of Fe(OH)₃ = 0.304 M

Thus, the concentration (molarity) of the Fe(OH)₃ solution is 0.304 M, rounded to two decimal places.

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a solution is made by dissolving 8424 mg of sodium chloride, nacl, in 0.1711 kg of water. what is the concentration in parts per billion?

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The concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) in the solution is 840,000 parts per billion (ppb).

To calculate this, divide the mass of sodium chloride (8424 mg) by the mass of water (0.1711 kg), then multiply the result by 1 billion (10^9).

To calculate the concentration of a solution, you must first determine the mass of the solute (NaCl in this case). The mass of the solute is given in the question as 8424 mg.

The mass of the solvent (water) is given as 0.1711 kg.

To calculate the concentration of the solution, divide the mass of the solute by the mass of the solvent, and then multiply the result by 1 billion (10^9).

In this example, 8424 mg divided by 0.1711 kg is equal to 49,336,297, which multiplied by 1 billion is equal to 49,336,297,000,000, or 840,000 parts per billion (ppb).

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which is the best colored indicator to use in the titration of 0.1 m ch3cooh(aq) with naoh(aq)? why? look up ka values in the appendix. indicator pka bromocresol green 4.8 bromothymol blue 6.8 phenolphthalein 9.2 group of answer choices