In a reaction, there are multiple ways to discuss the amount of compound produced, the definition of each term related to the reaction yield. The calculated amount of product under ideal conditions is theoretical yield, the amount of product experimentally produced is actual yield, the comparison of the experimental amount of product to the calculated amount is the percent yield
In a reaction, there are multiple ways to discuss the amount of compound produced, the definition of each term related to the reaction yield is are 1. The calculated amount of product under ideal conditions is theoretical yield, the calculated amount of product under ideal conditions. The theoretical yield is calculated using stoichiometry or by utilizing the balanced equation. 2. The amount of product experimentally produced is actual yield, the amount of product experimentally produced. Actual yield is determined by performing a chemical reaction in a laboratory, measuring the mass of the products, and calculating the amount of products produced.
3. The comparison of the experimental amount of product to the calculated amount is the percent yield compares the experimental amount of product to the calculated amount. The percent yield is calculated using the following formula: percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100%Thus, these are the definitions of each term related to the reaction yield. So therefore the answer are theoretical yield, actual yield, and the percent yield.
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when using a cake mix to prepare a cake, the following ingredients are required (shown in the form of a chemical equation). 1 cake mix 3 eggs 0.5 cup oil 1 cup water ---> 1 cake! if you are preparing enough cakes to use up 4 dozen eggs, which conversion factor(s) could be used to predict how much oil will also be needed?
We will need a total of 8 cups of oil to prepare enough cakes to use up 4 dozen eggs.
To prepare enough cakes to use up 4 dozen eggs, we will need a total of; 4 dozen eggs = 4 x 12 = 48 eggs
Since each cake requires 3 eggs, we can calculate the number of cakes we can make as;
48 eggs ÷ 3 eggs per cake = 16 cakes
To predict how much oil will be needed to prepare these 16 cakes, we can use the conversion factor provided in the chemical equation
0.5 cup oil 1 cake mix
This tells us that we will need 0.5 cup of oil for each cake mix used. Since we will be using 16 cake mixes (one for each cake), we can multiply the conversion factor by the number of cake mixes to find the total amount of oil needed;
0.5 cup oil 1 cake mix x 16 cake mixes
= 8 cups of oil
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how might the polarity of h bond and electronegativity of the center atom make it more likely for the hydrogen ion to leave the molecule
The polarity of a hydrogen bond and the electronegativity of the centre atom can affect the likelihood of a hydrogen ion leaving the molecule because they influence the strength of the bond between the hydrogen and the centre atom.
The more polar a hydrogen bond is, the weaker it is, and the more likely it is for the hydrogen ion to leave the molecule. This is because polar bonds have an uneven distribution of electrons, with one atom having a slightly negative charge and the other having a slightly positive charge. This means that the bond is not as strong as a nonpolar bond, where the electrons are shared equally between the atoms.
Additionally, the electronegativity of the centre atom can also affect the strength of the hydrogen bond. The more electronegative the centre atom is, the stronger the bond between the hydrogen and the central atom will be, and the less likely it is for the hydrogen ion to leave the molecule. Overall, a combination of a less polar hydrogen bond and a more electronegative centre atom will make it less likely for the hydrogen ion to leave the molecule, while a more polar hydrogen bond and a less electronegative centre atom will make it more likely for the hydrogen ion to leave the molecule.
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petroleum is a gooey liquid consisting primarily of group of answer choices oxygen silicon hydrocarbon compounds nitrogen sulfur
c. Hydrocarbons make up the majority of petroleum, but it also includes hydrocarbon derivatives that contain oxygen, nitrogen, and Sulphur. Between four and twenty carbon atoms per hydrocarbon make up the hydrocarbons in petroleum.
These substances combine to generate a wide range of intricate molecular structures, some of which are difficult to distinguish. Almost all crude oil, notwithstanding variances, contains between 12 and 15 percent hydrogen and 82 and 87 percent carbon by weight. The main components of petroleum and natural gas are hydrocarbons. They are used as lubricants, fuels, and raw materials for making industrial chemicals, polymers, fibers, rubber, solvents, and explosives.
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Complete question:
petroleum is a gooey liquid consisting primarily of group of answer choices.
A. oxygen
B. silicon
C. hydrocarbon compounds
D. sulfur
when a moderate amount of a weak acid is placed in aqueous solution, which of the following will be present in the greatest concentration? select the correct answer below: the nonionized acid the hydronium ion the conjugate base of the acid impossible to predict
When a moderate amount of a weak acid is placed in aqueous solution the HA which is a nonionized acid considered as the greatest concentration. Option (A) is correct.
A weak acid is defied as an acid which is partially dissociates into its ions in an aqueous solution or in the water. It is evident that the conjugate base of a weak acid is a weak base while the conjugate acid of a weak base is considered as a weak acid. When a weak acid is placed in aqueous solution a non ionized form is in greatest concentration as the weak acid dissociates smaller amount. These are the acids which don't completely dissociate in the solution. A weak acid generally not considered as the strong acid as it is not dissociates completely.
The chemical reaction can be written as,
HA (aq.) + [tex]H_{2} O[/tex] (l) ------------> [tex]A^{-}[/tex] (aq.) + [tex]H_{3}O ^{+}[/tex] (aq.)
In this chemical reaction, HA is considered as the greatest concentration.
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The complete question is,
when a moderate amount of a weak acid is placed in aqueous solution, which of the following will be present in the greatest concentration?
select the correct answer below:
A. the nonionized acid
B. the hydronium ion
C. the conjugate base of the acid
D. impossible to predict
a 4L of gas is under a pressure of 6atm. what is the volume of the gas at 2atm?
Boyle's Law-
[tex]\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\star\:\sf \underline{ P_1 \: V_1=P_2 \: V_2}\\[/tex]
(Pressure is inversely proportional to the volume)
Where-
[tex]\sf V_1[/tex] = Initial volume[tex]\sf V_2[/tex] = Final volume[tex]\sf P_1[/tex] = Initial pressure[tex]\sf P_2[/tex] = Final pressureAs per question, we are given that -
[tex]\sf V_1[/tex] = 4 L[tex]\sf P_1[/tex] =6 atm[tex]\sf P_2[/tex] = 2 atmNow that we have all the required values and we are asked to find out the final volume, so we can put the values and solve for the final volume -
[tex]\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\star\:\sf \underline{ P_1 \: V_1=P_2 \: V_2}[/tex]
[tex]\:\:\:\: \:\:\:\:\:\:\longrightarrow \sf 6 \times 4= 2\times V_2\\[/tex]
[tex] \:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\longrightarrow \sf V_2 = \dfrac{6 \times 4 }{2}\\[/tex]
[tex] \:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\longrightarrow \sf V_2 = \cancel{\dfrac{ 24}{2}}\\[/tex]
[tex] \:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\longrightarrow \sf \underline{V_2 = 12 \:L }\\[/tex]
Therefore, the new volume of the gas will become 12 L at 2atm.
which of the following reactions in the citrate cycle produce nadh? choose one or more: a. oxidation of succinate by succinate dehydrogenase to form fumarate
In the citrate cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle, the production of NADH occurs in several steps. The reaction that produces NADH from the given options is not the oxidation of succinate by succinate dehydrogenase to form fumarate. This particular reaction generates FADH2 instead of NADH.
However, there are other reactions within the citrate cycle that do produce NADH. These include:
1. Isocitrate dehydrogenase: This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate, which results in the production of NADH.
2. Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex: This enzyme complex converts alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA, generating another molecule of NADH.
3. Malate dehydrogenase: This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate, producing NADH in the process.
In summary, the oxidation of succinate by succinate dehydrogenase to form fumarate does not produce NADH. Instead, it produces FADH2. The production of NADH in the citrate cycle occurs during the reactions catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, and malate dehydrogenase.
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Which of these statements best describes the synergistic interaction effect? a. an interaction where two or more medicines taken together have no effect on one another b. an interaction between two or more medicines that increases their effectiveness c. an interaction where two or more medicines taken together produce an unexpected result d. an interaction between two or more medicines that decreases their effectiveness please select the best answer from the choices provided. a b c d
The statements which best describes the synergistic interaction effect is option b. An interaction between two or more medicines that increases their effectiveness.
A synergistic interaction effect is when two or more medicines taken together have a greater effect than the sum of their individual effects. This can lead to an increased effectiveness of the treatment.
Synergistic interaction effect is a phenomenon that occurs when two or more drugs or substances interact in a way that their combined effect is greater than the sum of their individual effects.
In other words, when two or more drugs or substances are used together, they can produce a more powerful and effective response than when used separately.
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how much heat (in joules) is used to heat a 89.05 gram sample of iron from 14.15 degrees celcius to 100.00 degrees celcius if the specific heat of fe is 0.450 j/g*c? record your answer to 2 decimal spaces.
We are going to utilize the accompanying formula to determine the amount of heat necessary to warm a particle of iron between 14.15 degrees Celsius through 100.00 degrees Celsius:
Q = m * c * ΔT
where Q denotes the quantity of heat
m = sample mass (in grams)
c = specific heat of the material (in J/g*C)
T = temperature variation (in C)
Substituting the provided values yields:
Q = 89.05 g * 0.450 J/gC * (100.00 C - 14.15 C)
Q = 89.05 g * 0.450 J/gC * 85.85 C
Q = 3,451.52 J
As a result, the thermal energy required to heat an 89.05 gram sample of iron from 14.15°C to 100.00°C is 3,451.52 J. (joules).
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the temperature of a gas is changed from 200K to increase its initial volume of 2.5L to 6.4L. find the final temperature of the gas
Answer:
final temperature of gas = 512 Kelvin (or 239°C)
Explanation:
It's all about Charles' law
Charles' law: The volume of an ideal gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature AT CONSTANT PRESSURE.
then, we conclude that:
[tex]\frac{V_1}{T_1 } = \frac{V_2}{T_2}[/tex]
in which V1 : initial volume in Liters, T1: initial temperature in Kelvin, V2: final volume in Liters, T2: final temperature in Kelvin.
*Temperature in Kelvin = Temperature in Celsius + 273
GIVEN THAT:
T1 = 200K,
V1 = 2.5L
V2 = 6.4L
By substituting in Charles' formula:
[tex]\frac{2.5}{200} = \frac{6.4}{T_2}[/tex]
Then:
[tex]T_2 = \frac{6.4 \times 200}{2.5} = 512 Kelvin[/tex]
Any Questions? write in the comments below.
a mass spectrometry experiment on the unknown compound from question 2 determines its molar mass to be 120.1 g/mol. what is the total number of atoms in the molecular formula of the compound? determine the correct number of c, h and o atoms in the molecular formula and then sum them together to answer this question.
To determine the total number of atoms in the molecular formula of the compound, we need to know the molecular formula itself. Hence, the molecular formula of the compound would be C1H0.36O3.6.
Assuming that the compound contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, we can calculate the total number of atoms in the molecular formula as follows:
Molar mass of compound = (number of carbon atoms x atomic mass of carbon) + (number of hydrogen atoms x atomic mass of hydrogen) + (number of oxygen atoms x atomic mass of oxygen)
120.1 g/mol = (x carbon atoms x 12.01 g/mol) + (y hydrogen atoms x 1.01 g/mol) + (z oxygen atoms x 16.00 g/mol)
Simplifying the equation, we get:
12.01x + 1.01y + 16.00z = 120.1
To solve for the values of x, y, and z, we need additional information. However, we can make some assumptions based on the typical ratios of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in organic compounds.
For example, if we assume that the compound contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a ratio of 1:2:1, we can write the following system of equations:
x + 2y + z = total number of atoms in the molecular formula
12.01x + 1.01y + 16.00z = 120.1
Substituting the first equation into the second equation and solving for x, we get:
12.01(x + 2y + z) + 1.01y + 16.00z = 120.1
12.01x + 25.03y + 28.01z = 120.1
12.01x = 120.1 - 25.03y - 28.01z
x = (120.1 - 25.03y - 28.01z)/12.01
We can then substitute this value of x into the first equation and solve for y and z:
(120.1 - 25.03y - 28.01z)/12.01 + 2y + z = total number of atoms in the molecular formula
Simplifying this equation and solving for y, we get:
y = (total number of atoms in the molecular formula - z - 2)/(14.04)
We can then use this value of y to solve for z:
z = (total number of atoms in the molecular formula - 2 - 14.04y)
If we assume that the total number of atoms in the molecular formula is 10, we can calculate the number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms as follows:
x = 1
y = (10 - 2 - 14.04(2))/(14.04) ≈ 0.36
z = (10 - 2 - 14.04(0.36)) ≈ 3.6
However, the molecular formula of the compound would be C1H0.36O3.6, which has a total of 5.96 atoms. it is important to note that this is just an example based on assumptions, and the actual molecular formula may be different.
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simply changing one of the hydroxyl groups in morphine to a methyl ether group results in what what drug? nicotine codeine ketamine thc
The correct answer is option B. Codeine is a drug made by changing one of the hydroxyl groups in morphine to a methyl ether group.
It is an opioid analgesic used to treat coughing, diarrhoea, and other illnesses as well as mild to moderate pain. The opioid medication class includes codeine, which is made from the opium plant. In order to lessen the experience of pain, it functions by attaching to opioid receptors in the brain, spinal cord, and gastrointestinal system.
To increase its benefits and lower the danger of addiction, it is frequently administered in conjunction with other drugs, such as paracetamol.
Codeine comes in pill, liquid, and injection forms, and it is occasionally mixed with other drugs such expectorants, decongestants, and antihistamines.
Although codeine can become habit-forming and addictive if used in high dosages or for longer periods of time than recommended, it is crucial to follow a doctor's instructions properly.
Complete Question:
Which drug is made by changing one of the hydroxyl groups in morphine to a methyl ether group?
A. Nicotine
B. Codeine
C. Ketamine
D. THC
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which molecules of the following gases will have the greatest average kinetic energy? 1. h2 at 0.5 atm and 298 k 2. co2 at 1 atm and 298 k 3. n2 at 1 atm and 298 k 4. all of the molecules have the same average kinetic energy. 5. he at 0.1 atm and 298 k
The kinetic energy of molecules depends on absolute temperature. So here since all the temperature are equal, all the molecules will have same average kinetic energy. So option 4 is right.
Kinetic energy of a molecule of a gas depends on the movement of the molecule. It is governed by the kinetic gas equation. The kinetic energy and temperature is related by the equation
KE = [tex]\frac{3}{2}[/tex] nRT
n is the number of moles
R is universal gas constant
T is the absolute temperature
KE is directly proportional to the temperature and increases and decreases with it. Here all gases exists at the same temperature. Pressure does not have any effect on the kinetic energy of gases.
So option 4 will be the correct answer.
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Help me answer these please!!
Answer:
Explanation:
adbc
co2 h2o what interferences can be subtracted out of an ir spectrum due to the usage of a double beam spectrometer with a reference cell?
In an IR spectrum of CO2 and H20, a double-beam spectrophotometer with a reference cell can be used to subtract out the interference from the background, solvent or instrument noise and helps to improve the accuracy and precision of IR spectroscopy measurements by eliminating interferences that can affect the quality of data.
Some examples of interferences that can be subtracted by using a double-beam spectrophotometer with a reference cell:
Background interference: A double-beam spectrophotometer with a reference cell can be used to subtract out the background interference caused by air or other gases in the sample chamber. The reference cell is filled with the same solvent used in the sample cell, and any background interference is measured and subtracted from the sample measurement.Solvent interference: The solvent used to dissolve the sample can also cause interference in the IR spectrum. By using a reference cell filled with the same solvent, any solvent interference can be subtracted from the sample measurement.Instrument noise: The instrument itself can introduce noise into the IR spectrum. By measuring the sample and reference cells simultaneously, any instrument noise can be eliminated by subtracting the reference measurement from the sample measurement.Learn more about Double-beam spectrophotometers, here:
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What is the solubility of strontium iodate, Sr(IO3)2, in water? The Ksp for Sr(IO3)2 is 1.14 × 10^−7.
The solubility of strontium iodate, Sr(IO3)2, in water is 6.27 x 10^-4 M. The Ksp for Sr(IO3)2 is 1.14 × 10^-7.
What is the solubility product?Solubility Product Constant (Ksp) is the product of the concentration of the dissolved ions, which, when multiplied, would be equal to the equilibrium constant expression for the ion formation in a saturated solution. The solubility product constant (Ksp) for Sr(IO3)2 is 1.14 × 10^-7.
Ksp is represented as the product of the concentration of the ions, which is [Sr2+][IO32-].Let’s suppose the solubility of strontium iodate in water is S moles/L.Substituting the value of solubility into the Ksp expression, we have;Ksp = [Sr2+][IO32-]1.14 × 10^-7 = S x 2S2 x 3S2
We can now solve for S, which is the solubility of strontium iodate, as follows:S = 6.27 x 10^-4 MTherefore, the solubility of strontium iodate, Sr(IO3)2, in water is 6.27 x 10^-4 M.
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the salt that results from the hydrolysis of salicylic acid is soluble in water, but salicylic acid is not, which is why salicylic acid precipitates out of solution after the acidic work-up. why is the solubility of the salt in water higher than the solubility of salicylic acid in water?
Salicylic acid (SA) is soluble in organic solvents such as ether, benzene, and chloroform, but it is not soluble in water. Sodium salicylate, on the other hand, is water-soluble. Sodium hydroxide is used to neutralize the acidic solution generated when salicylic acid is hydrolyzed.
Sodium hydroxide is an alkaline solution that neutralizes the acid and produces sodium salicylate, which is water-soluble. The salicylic acid precipitates out of the solution as a result of the acidic work-up. The salt that results from the hydrolysis of salicylic acid is more soluble in water than salicylic acid due to its polar nature. Salicylic acid is a weak acid with a polar carboxylic acid functional group and a non-polar benzene ring. When the polar carboxylic acid group interacts with water, it forms hydrogen bonds with water molecules. The non-polar benzene ring, on the other hand, is insoluble in water due to its non-polar nature. The salt formed after hydrolysis, such as sodium salicylate, is more soluble in water than salicylic acid because it is more polar than salicylic acid. As a result, the salt dissolves easily in water.
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what is the solubility of silver oxide, , in a solution buffered at ph 10.50? the equilibrium is solubility
The solubility of Ag₂O in a solution buffered at pH 10.50 is approximately 1.46 x 10⁻⁴ M.
The solubility of silver oxide (Ag₂O) in a solution buffered at pH 10.50 depends on the specific buffer used, as well as the temperature and pressure of the system. However, we can make some general predictions based on the solubility product constant (Ksp) of silver oxide and the pH of the buffer.
At pH 10.50, the solution is basic. The basicity will cause the silver oxide to hydrolyze, which means it will react with water to form a silver hydroxide compound. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is; Ag₂O + H₂O → 2AgOH
The solubility of Ag₂O will then depend on the solubility of AgOH, which has its own Ksp value. The Ksp of AgOH is 1.5 x 10⁻⁸ at 25°C.
If we assume that the hydrolysis reaction has reached equilibrium, we can use the Ksp of AgOH to calculate the solubility of Ag₂O. At equilibrium, the product of the concentrations of the silver and hydroxide ions is equal to Ksp.
[Ag⁺][OH⁻]² = Ksp
Since the hydrolysis reaction produces two moles of AgOH for every mole of Ag₂O, we can write the expression for Ksp in terms of the solubility of Ag₂O, x;
(2x)[OH⁻]² = Ksp
We also know that at pH 10.50, the concentration of hydroxide ions ([OH⁻]) is 3.16 x 10⁻⁴ M. Substituting these values into the expression for Ksp, we can solve for x;
(2x)(3.16 x 10⁻⁴)² = 1.5 x 10⁻⁸
x = 1.46 x 10⁻⁴
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solid zinc is combined with aqueous iron(iii) sulfate. how many grams of zinc are necessary to completely react with 0.400 l of 4.60 m fe2(so4)3?
180.3 grams of Zn are necessary to completely react with 0.400 L of 4.60 M [tex](Fe_2(SO_4)_3)[/tex] solution.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between solid zinc (Zn) and aqueous iron(III) sulfate [tex](Fe_2(SO_4)_3)[/tex] can be written as:
[tex]2 Fe_2(SO_4)_3 + 3 Zn = 3 ZnSO_4 + 2 Fe_2O_3[/tex]
According to the stoichiometry of the balanced equation, 3 moles of Zn react with 2 moles of [tex]Fe_2(SO_4)_3[/tex]. We can use this ratio to calculate the moles of Zn required to react with 0.400 L of 4.60 M [tex](Fe_2(SO_4)_3)[/tex] solution:
moles of [tex](Fe_2(SO_4)_3)[/tex] = Molarity x Volume
moles of [tex](Fe_2(SO_4)_3)[/tex] = 4.60 M x 0.400 L = 1.84 mole
moles of Zn = (3/2) x moles of [tex](Fe_2(SO_4)_3)[/tex]
moles of Zn = (3/2) x 1.84 = 2.76 moles
Finally, we can use the molar mass of Zn to convert the moles of Zn to grams:
mass of Zn = moles of Zn x molar mass of Zn
mass of Zn = 2.76 moles x 65.38 g/mol = 180.3 g
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what is the average oxidation number of the irons in fe3o7? note that average oxidation numbers are not restricted to integer values.
The oxidation number of iron in Fe3O7 is not constant, but the average oxidation number of iron in this compound is 4.67.
To find the average oxidation number of iron (Fe) in Fe3O7, we can use the fact that the sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms in a neutral molecule or compound is equal to zero.
Let the oxidation number of Fe be x. The oxidation number of oxygen (O) is -2.
The compound Fe3O7 contains 3 iron atoms and 7 oxygen atoms. Using the fact that the sum of the oxidation numbers is zero, we can set up the following equation:
3x + 7(-2) = 0
Solving for x, we get:
3x - 14 = 0
3x = 14
x = 4.67
Therefore, the average oxidation number of iron in Fe3O7 is 4.67, the average oxidation number is not restricted to integer values.
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Directions: Complete the thinking map below as you learn about characteristics of chemical reactions.
Chemical reaction characteristics. A shift in colour. a shift in the temperature. State change. creation of new materials.
What are the five chemical properties?Flammability, cytotoxicity, acidity, reactivity (of various kinds), and heat of combustion are a few examples of chemical qualities. Rust, for instance, is created when iron and oxygen interact in the when water is present; chromium does not oxidise ([link]).
What do the five different kinds of chemical reactions mean?The five basic types of chemical reactions are combination, decomposition, one, double replacement, and combustion. By analysing the reactants and products, you can assign a reaction to one of these categories.
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WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! PLEASE READ THE QUESTION CAREFULLY AND ANSWER THOROUGHLY!!!!!!!!!!
What are the properties of dihydrogen oxide? Please answer in 3-6 sentences.
Answer:
Hello again. dihydro gen-oxide is a colorless, tasteless, and odorless gas. It is insoluble in water. It is highly combustible. It is lighter than air. Its melting point is 13.96K. Its boiling point is 20.39K. Its density is 0.09 g/L.
Explanation:
Hope this helps! =D
Mark me brianliest! =D
Answer:
What are the physical properties of dihydrogen oxide?
Melting point: 32°F. Boiling point: 100°C. Density: 997 kg/m3. Chemical formula:
Explanation:
Among the research agenda, which do you think is most appropriate to your community?
The most appropriate research agenda for my community would be focusing on how to reduce poverty and increase economic opportunities.
This would involve researching the current economic conditions in my community, identifying areas where poverty is most prevalent, and exploring potential solutions to create more jobs and increase economic mobility.
Additionally, this may involve researching the effectiveness of government programs and initiatives in the area, as well as exploring potential partnerships with local businesses and organizations to create new economic opportunities.
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in the experiment, you will combine different volumes of naoh and unknown acid and measure the temperature for each combination. the ratios of volumes that give the highest temperature change on the graph will be equal to
In the experiment, you will combine different volumes of NaOH and an unknown acid and measure the temperature for each combination. The ratios of volumes that give the highest temperature change on the graph will be equal to the stoichiometric ratio or the equivalence point of the reaction.
The equivalence point is the point at which the moles of NaOH and the moles of the unknown acid are perfectly balanced, resulting in the greatest temperature change due to the complete neutralization of the acid and base. To find this ratio, follow these steps:
1. Record the initial temperature of the NaOH and unknown acid solutions separately.
2. Combine different volumes of NaOH and the unknown acid in a series of trials, making sure to note the specific volumes used for each trial.
3. Measure the final temperature of the solution after each combination, and calculate the temperature change by subtracting the initial temperatures from the final temperature.
4. Plot the temperature changes on a graph with the x-axis representing the volume ratio of NaOH to the unknown acid, and the y-axis representing the temperature change.
5. Observe the graph and identify the point with the highest temperature change, which corresponds to the stoichiometric ratio or equivalence point of the reaction.
The ratio at this highest point is the correct proportion of NaOH to the unknown acid required for complete neutralization.
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g which statements are correct regarding a vacuum filtration? (check all that apply.) group of answer choices a short-stem funnel can be used for a vacuum filtration. the solution cannot be too acidic or too basic when using filter paper. no filter paper is needed when using a hirsch funnel. vacuum filtration works well with boiling solutions. the size of the funnel must be adjusted based on the quantities being handled.
Answer:
The correct statements regarding vacuum filtration are:
A short-stem funnel can be used for a vacuum filtration.
The size of the funnel must be adjusted based on the quantities being handled.
Explanation:
Vacuum filtration is a technique commonly used in chemistry labs to separate solids from liquids. A short-stem funnel is often used as it provides a better seal with the filter paper. The size of the funnel is chosen based on the volume of the liquid being filtered. If it is too small, the liquid will take longer to pass through the filter, and if it is too large, the filter paper may tear or the solid may not be retained properly. However, some statements regarding vacuum filtration are incorrect. Filter paper can be used with a wide range of solutions, including acidic and basic ones, as long as the filter paper is compatible with the solution. A hirsch funnel requires filter paper to function correctly. Lastly, vacuum filtration should be avoided with boiling solutions as the filter paper can disintegrate or the flask may crack under the pressure. Instead, hot filtration is used by filtering the solution while it is hot and then allowing it to cool to room temperature before collecting the solid.
The correct options are: 1, 2, and 4. Vacuum filtration is a commonly used technique in chemistry for separating solids from liquids. It involves using a vacuum to create a pressure difference across a filter, causing the liquid to be drawn through the filter while leaving the solid behind.
The technique is used in a variety of applications, such as separating precipitates from solutions or collecting cells from a culture. The following statements are correct regarding a vacuum filtration:
1. A short-stem funnel can be used for a vacuum filtration.
2. The solution cannot be too acidic or too basic when using filter paper.
3. No filter paper is needed when using a Hirsch funnel.
4. The size of the funnel must be adjusted based on the quantities being handled.
Therefore, correct options are: 1, 2, and 4.
When performing a vacuum filtration, it is important to select the appropriate size and type of funnel for the amount and type of material being filtered. It is also crucial to choose the correct filter paper, which should be compatible with the chemical properties of the solution being filtered. The use of a fritted glass filter or a Hirsch funnel may be necessary in some cases.
Vacuum filtration can be a time-saving and efficient method of separating solids and liquids, but it is important to carefully follow proper techniques and safety precautions to avoid any accidents or contamination.
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the initial concentration of acid ha in solution is 1.7 m. if the ph of the solution at equilibrium is 2.20, what is the percent ionization of the acid?
The percent ionization of the acid is 0.37%.
Percent ionization is the fraction or percentage of a weak acid or base that dissociates into ions in solution. It is calculated by dividing the concentration of the ionized species (either H⁺ or OH⁻) by the initial concentration of the weak acid or base and multiplying by 100%.
The percent ionization of the acid can be calculated using the following equation; % ionization = [H⁺]/[HA] x 100%
where [H⁺] is the concentration of the hydronium ion at equilibrium and [HA] is the initial concentration of the acid.
First, we need to calculate the concentration of the hydronium ion at equilibrium using the pH;
pH = -log[H⁺]
2.20 = -log[H⁺]
[H+] = [tex]10^{(-2.20)}[/tex]
[H+] = 6.31 x 10⁻³ M
Next, we can calculate the percent ionization:
% ionization = [H⁺]/[HA] x 100%
% ionization = (6.31 x 10⁻³ M / 1.7 M) x 100%
% ionization = 0.37%
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monel metal is an alloy of nickel and copper that contains 28% copper. how many copper atoms are present in a 79 g sample of monel?
There are approximately 1.998 x 10^23 copper atoms in a 79 g sample of Monel.
Monel is an alloy of nickel and copper that contains 28% copper. This means that 100 g of the alloy contains 28 g of copper. To find the amount of copper in a 79 g sample of Monel, we can set up a proportion:
[tex]\dfrac{28\text{ g Cu}}{100\ g} = \dfrac{x\text{ g Cu}}{79\ g}[/tex]
Cross-multiplying, we get:
28 g Cu * 79 g = 100 g * x g Cu
Simplifying
x g Cu = (28 g Cu * 79 g) / 100 g
x g Cu = 22.12 g Cu
To find the number of copper atoms in this amount of copper, we can use Avogadro's number, which tells us the number of atoms in a mole of a substance:
1 mole Cu = 63.55 g Cu contains 6.022 x 10^23 atoms of Cu
Therefore, the number of copper atoms in 22.12 g of copper is:
(22.12 g Cu) / (63.55 g Cu/mol) * (6.022 x 10^23 atoms Cu/mol) = 1.998 x 10^23 atoms of Cu
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Summarize the difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions.
Endothermic and exothermic reactions are two types of chemical reactions. In an endothermic reaction, the energy is absorbed from the surroundings, resulting in a decrease in temperature. On the other hand, in an exothermic reaction, energy is released into the surroundings, resulting in an increase in temperature. In other words, endothermic reactions require energy to be put in, while exothermic reactions release energy. An example of an endothermic reaction is photosynthesis, while combustion is an example of an exothermic reaction.
do you expect salicylic acid to be soluble in nahco3? what happens when a benzoic acid derivatives is reacted with a base such as nahco3? it may be beneficial to know that the pka of benzoic acid is 4.2 and the pka of h2co3 is 10.3.
When benzoic acid derivative, such as salicylic acid, is reacted with a base such as NaHCO₃, it undergoes acid-base neutralization reaction.
Salicylic acid is expected to be partially soluble in NaHCO₃ due to its acidic nature. Salicylic acid has a carboxylic acid group which can ionize in the presence of a base such as NaHCO₃ to form a salt that is partially soluble in water. However, the solubility of salicylic acid in NaHCO₃ will not be as high as that of a strong acid like HCl.
When a benzoic acid derivative, such as salicylic acid, is reacted with a base such as NaHCO₃, it undergoes acid-base neutralization reaction. The benzoic acid derivative reacts with the base to form a salt and water. The salt formed is usually more polar and more soluble in water than the original benzoic acid derivative.
Reaction will be represented by the following equation; Benzoic acid derivative (acid) + NaHCO₃ (base) → Salt (more polar) + H₂O
In the case of salicylic acid, the reaction can be represented as;
C₆H₄(OH)COOH (salicylic acid) + NaHCO₃ (base) → C₆H₄(OH)COONa (sodium salicylate) + H₂O
The pKa value of benzoic acid is 4.2, which means that it is a weak acid and will react with a weak base like NaHCO₃ to form a salt. The pKa value of H₂CO₃ is 10.3, which means that it is a strong acid and will not react with a weak base like NaHCO₃.
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if you start with 0.373 m a(g), 0.396 m b(g), 0.552 m c(g), and 3.95 m d(g), what is the equilibrium concentration of c(g) and d(g)?
The equilibrium concentrations of reactant and products when 0.388 moles of PCl5(g) are introduced into a 1.00 L vessel at 500 K is 0.063 M.
Equilibrium concentration can be defined as when the both the reactants and the products of the reaction are in a concentration that is not in change with time. This is called as the state of chemical equilibrium. In the equilibrium state, the rate of forward reaction is same as the rate of backward reaction when the reaction is at equilibrium. Equilibrium concentration being the ratio of the concentrations raise to the stoichiometric coefficients.
Kc = [PCl3][Cl2]/[PCl5] = 1.2x10-2
Kc = [PCl3][Cl2]/[PCl5] = (x)(x)/(0.388-x) = 1.20x10-2 =
x2 + 1.2x10-2x - 4.66x10-3 = 0
x = -b ± √b2 - 4ac2a
x = 0.0626
[PCl5] = 0.388 - x = 0.388 - 0.0626 = 0.325 M
[PCl3] = [Cl2] = x = 0.063 M
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The complete question is,
Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of reactant and products when 0.388 moles of PCl5(g) are introduced into a 1.00 L vessel at 500 K.
zn hpo32- 2h2oh2po2- zn(oh)2 oh- in the above reaction, the oxidation state of phosphorus changes from to . how many electrons are transferred in the reaction?
The terms are zn, hpo32-, 2h2o, h2po2-, zn(oh)2, and oh-In the above reaction, the oxidation state of phosphorus changes from 5 to 3. In the reaction, four electrons are transferred from Zinc(Zn) to HPO32-.Therefore, the correct answer is : Four electrons are transferred in the reaction.
The oxidation state is the same as the oxidation number. Oxidation state is the charge on the atom of an element when all other atoms are removed from the molecule as ions. The oxidation state of phosphorus changes from 5 to 3 in the given reaction. In the beginning, the phosphorus atom has an oxidation number of +5. In the final product, phosphorus has an oxidation number of +3. Hence, the oxidation state of phosphorus changes from 5 to 3. Electrons transferred Four electrons are transferred from Zinc (Zn) to HPO32- in the reaction.
The electrons transferred are equal to the difference in the oxidation state of the reactants and the products. In the given reaction, the difference in oxidation state is (5-3) = 2. Since one electron is transferred for each unit change in oxidation state, there are two electrons transferred. Therefore, four electrons are transferred in the reaction.
In the given reaction:
Zn + HPO3²⁻ + 2H2O → H2PO2⁻ + Zn(OH)2 + OH⁻
So the oxidation state of phosphorus changes from +5 in HPO3²⁻ to +1 in H2PO2⁻. A total of 4 electrons are transferred in this reduction process.
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