HELPP! Why was this case important?
After the War of 1812, the U.S. government needed to borrow money to pay off war debts. At this time in history, each state had its own bank. This meant that the U.S. government had to work with multiple state banks to borrow money. To solve this problem, in 1816 Congress decided to set up the Second Bank of the United States with branches in multiple states. Many of the states opposed the national bank because it meant that their state banks had to compete with the national bank for business.

Many states were unhappy with the Second Bank of the United States. One of those states was Maryland. To show its unhappiness, Maryland passed a law that required the national bank to pay a heavy tax to the state of Maryland. This was a move to destroy the Baltimore branch of the Second Bank of the United States. James McCulloch, cashier of the Baltimore branch, had to pay a $15,000 annual tax. When McCulloch refused to pay the tax, a Maryland court convicted him and fined him $2,500. He appealed the decision to the Maryland Court of Appeals and lost again. The dispute then ended up in the Supreme Court of the United States, with Chief Justice John Marshall presiding.

Did Congress have the power to establish a national bank?

McCulloch Argument:

Congress debated the creation of the national bank a few years ago. Members of Congress believed they had the right to create the Second Bank of the United States, citing the Necessary and Proper Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18). The members believed that the bank was a "necessary and proper" way for Congress to conduct the financial operations of the nation. Congress referred to these as "implied powers," stating that the Constitution only provides a framework and cannot specifically outline every detail of national operations.

Maryland Argument:

The Constitution does not directly grant the power to charter a national bank. It is also not an implied power. Therefore, Congress did not have the right to establish a national bank. The states should determine the right to establish a bank.

Was the Maryland law that taxed nationally chartered banks unconstitutional, interfering with federal powers?

McCulloch Argument:

The Supremacy Clause (Article VI, Clause 2) states that federal law takes priority over state law. The bank is a federal function which no state may interfere. If Maryland can tax the national bank, it could interfere enough to cause the bank to close.

Maryland:

Maryland is a sovereign state; it has the right to tax individuals and businesses in its state borders.

The Judgement
The Supreme Court unanimously (7–0) ruled in favor of McCulloch and the federal government. The case was important because it established a precedent for the relationships between the federal government and the state governments. It stated that the federal government had powers the Constitution did not list, known as implied powers. These implied powers granted Congress the constitutional right to establish a national bank. They said that states had the power to tax within their borders. However, the state of Maryland did not have the power to tax a federal establishment. Maryland's decision to tax the national bank was an attempt to destroy the bank. The state challenged the supremacy of federal power.

The three cities that were rivals to lead the Christian Church because of apostolic primacy and imperial importance were Rome, Constantinople, and Alexandria.

Rome was the site of St. Peter’s martyrdom and subsequent burial, and the primary headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church. Constantinople, on the other hand, was the new capital of the Eastern Roman Empire and was founded by Constantine in 330 CE.

Lastly, Alexandria, Egypt was a powerful Christian center in the late antique period, becoming home to the prestigious Catechetical School of Alexandria. Each of these cities had a long, complex history and were all vying to become the leader of the Christian Church.

Rome and Constantinople each had powerful imperial connections that made them contenders for the primacy, while Alexandria was a center of learning and faith. Ultimately, the importance of these cities and the resulting rivalry of each would play a large role in the development of Christianity.

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Both the Parthenon and Maison Carrée are set on a podium. While they differ in many ways, this feature is true for both structures. (A)

The Parthenon, located in Athens, Greece, is a classic example of ancient Greek architecture and was built in the 5th century BCE using marble.

It has a Doric order with a simple, shallow portico. On the other hand, the Maison Carrée, located in Nîmes, France, is a Roman temple constructed in the 1st century CE, primarily using limestone.

It features a Corinthian order and a deep portico. Despite these differences, both structures share the common feature of being set on a podium, which elevates them and emphasizes their grandeur.(A)

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Out of the given options, the French and Dutch people had the best relations with the native peoples. This can be seen through their trading practices and alliances with the indigenous communities.

The native peoples of America had a rich history and diverse cultures that existed long before the arrival of Europeans. As Europeans began to explore and colonize the continent, they encountered a wide variety of indigenous communities. While some of these interactions were peaceful and cooperative, others were marked by conflict, violence, and exploitation.

French and Dutch people were more interested in trade and commerce than colonization and conquest. They established strong relationships with the native communities through their trading practices and alliances. Both the French and Dutch traders were known to respect the customs and traditions of the native peoples, which helped to build trust and cooperation. They traded goods such as guns, furs, and textiles with the natives in exchange for goods such as beaver pelts, foodstuffs, and wampum.

Unlike the Spanish and English, who sought to conquer and subjugate Native Peoples, the French sought to establish economic and cultural partnerships with them. The French were often willing to learn from Native Peoples and adopt their customs and practices, such as the fur trade and intermarriage with Native women. This approach helped to establish more positive and enduring relationships with many Native Peoples, particularly in areas such as Canada and the Great Lakes region.

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Answer: a sharp rise in inflation-adjusted wages

Answer:

A. art and literature

Many Harlem Renaissance writers later moved to Brooklyn which had its own Renaissance

Explanation:

Harlem Renaissance Authors:

Langston Hughes - "Black Nativity", "The Weary Blues"

Zora Neale Hurston - "Their Eyes Were Watching God", "Moses, Man of the Mountain"

Nella Larsen - "Passing"

Langston Hughes - "The Weary Blues", "I, Too, Sing America", "Harlem"

Zora Neale Hurston - "Their Eyes Were Watching God", "Dust Tracks on a Road", "Mules and Men"

Countee Cullen - "Color", "Copper Sun", "The Black Christ and Other Poems"

Claude McKay - "Home to Harlem", "Banana Bottom", "Songs of Jamaica"

Jean Toomer - "Cane"

Nella Larsen - "Passing", "Quicksand"

Wallace Thurman - "The Blacker the Berry: A Novel of Negro Life", "Infants of the Spring"

James Weldon Johnson - "The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man", "God's Trombones: Seven Negro Sermons in Verse"

Jessie Fauset - "Plum Bun: A Novel Without a Moral", "There Is Confusion"

Arna Bontemps - "Black Thunder: Gabriel's Revolt: Virginia, 1800", "God Sends Sunday"

ChatGPT

The natural resource is found in South Africa are reserves of gold, platinum group metals.

Natural resources are the resources that occur naturally in the environment and can be used by humans to meet their needs. They include a wide range of materials and substances such as air, water, soil, minerals, forests, wildlife, and fossil fuels.

Natural resources can be divided into two main categories: renewable resources and nonrenewable resources. Renewable resources are those that can be replenished over time, such as solar energy, wind power, and water. Nonrenewable resources, on the other hand, are those that are finite and cannot be replenished, such as oil, coal, and natural gas.

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The British and French had different goals in Africa. The British were mainly interested in trade and maintaining their existing colonies. The French, on the other hand, were looking to expand their imperial possessions. The Fashoda Crisis was an episode in 1898 in which French and British forces confronted each other in the Sudan.

This episode demonstrated the opposing goals of the two countries in Africa and highlighted the potential for conflict between them.

The Fashoda Crisis was an example of the conflicting goals of the British and French in Africa. The British were more interested in trade and the preservation of their existing colonies, while the French were looking to expand their influence and power.

The conflict between the two forces in the Sudan showed the potential for disagreement and conflict between the two countries in Africa.

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Answer: Submarine aircraft carriers were developed by the Imperial Japanese Navy to a greater extent than any other navy, before and during World War II. In total, 42 were built. (Other sources say 47 were built but actually 42 were.)

Answer: Mainly newspapers from the 20th century will have a bold headline/ title on the front page. and would kind of add dramatic affect onto the title like:

Coca Cola Got Rid of The Cocaine in The Drink What Will Happen To The Franchise NOW?

then have the story behind it.

Explanation: I used to read old magazines with my great grandmother before she passed and kind of memorized how they got the attention of readers also it really was the peoples only way of knowing what is going on in the world before they had tv and even then, people would read the newspaper.

If this helps your welcome and if not, I'm sorry if you got it wrong.

Thank you.

Although it was incredibly difficult to survive the Rwandan genocide, some victims were able to flee or hide from the assailants.

Many moderate Hutus and Tutsis fled to refugee camps in nearby nations including Burundi, Tanzania, and Uganda. Others sought safety from the violence in temples, mosques, or educational institutions. Some were protected by strangers, acquaintances, or family members who put their own lives in danger to keep them hidden. Individuals who managed to survive the genocide frequently struggled to rebuild their lives after the bloodshed stopped due to the unfavorable living circumstances in refugee camps. Many survivors are still dealing with the effects of the genocide's trauma today.

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Answer:

spain

Explanation:

The given statement that "because its infrastructure was still damaged from the Great War, Germany was not an important economic power by the time the Depression began" is true.

It is one of the main reasons behind the fall of Germany's economy during the Great Depression. During the Great War, Germany had faced massive destruction of its infrastructure, which was one of the most essential things for economic development.

The country was already in a vulnerable position due to the heavy reparations paid after the Great War. The loss of its infrastructure further weakened its economy.

Many factories were destroyed during the war, and the remaining ones were not able to operate due to the lack of raw materials and labor. In addition to this, the loss of a significant number of working men and women during the war was another major factor behind the country's downfall.

The government could not afford to pay the war debt and rebuild the infrastructure simultaneously. As a result, Germany's economy was severely hit during the Great Depression. Therefore, the given statement is true.

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Answer:

Stories about some mysterious markings on animal bones hinted that the Shang might have been the first Chinese to use a system of writing

Explanation:

For hundreds of years, the Shang dynasty was considered a legend by Western scholars. Stories about some mysterious markings on animal bones hinted that the Shang might have been the first Chinese to use a system of writing. But still, archaeologists had no solid evidence that the ancient culture had ever existed.

By the time of the 1828 presidential election, a new political system had begun to emerge out of the divisions within the Republican Party is Multi-party system, the correct option is (a).

The election saw the emergence of two major political parties: the Democratic Party, which supported Andrew Jackson, and the National Republican Party, which backed John Quincy Adams. This was a significant departure from the previous political landscape, which had been dominated by a single political party, the Democratic-Republican Party.

The emergence of multiple political parties marked the beginning of a multi-party system in the United States, which has since become a defining feature of American politics. The two-party system that emerged in 1828 has persisted to this day, with the Democratic Party and the Republican Party dominating American politics, the correct option is (a).

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The complete question is:

By the time of the 1828 presidential election, a new had begun to emerge out of the divisions within the republican party. Multiple choice questions.

a. Multi-party system

b. System of regional alliances

c. Variable-party system

During the years of 1229 and 1231, King James I of Aragon led the Christian nations in the conquest of Mallorca.

Who captured Majorca in 1229?

The Almoravid (1018–1203) and Almohad (1203–1229) empires each had a valis, or administrative governor, who oversaw Mallorca between the foundation of the Taifa of Mallorca in 1031 until Jaume of Aragon's invasion in 1229. As the islands were successively administered by Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Moors, and Spanish, each of whom left their imprint, historical evidence suggests that they have been inhabited for at least 2,600 years.

The Vandals and the Byzantines both captured the Balearic Islands in 526 and 534, respectively. After three years of resistance by the Moorish army hiding out in the Serra de Tramuntana, the violent end of Majorca's Muslim dominion resulted in the island's absolute liberation.

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Answer: True

Explanation: President George Washington nominated Jay the first Chief Justice of the United States on September 24, 1789. serving as Chief Justice for five years, Jay resigned from the Supreme Court on June 29, 1795, and became Governor of New York.

In 30 BCE, the Roman Empire conquered Egypt, ending its 3,000-year-old stability.

Egypt was conquered by the Ptolemies, a Greek family that had been chosen by Alexander the Great to rule his empire's new province. The Ptolemies established a powerful dynasty that ruled Egypt for nearly 300 years, from 305 to 30 BCE.

They are well-known for creating a cosmopolitan society, a library in Alexandria, and the writing of the Septuagint. The Septuagint was an early Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, which is still in use today.

In 30 BCE, Egypt was conquered by the Roman Empire, ending the Ptolemaic dynasty's reign. This was the end of Egypt's 3,000-year-old stability. The Roman Empire remained in control of Egypt until the 7th century CE, when it was conquered by the Islamic Caliphate.

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Answer:

Latin

Explanation:

Latin was one of the most important gifts from Rome.

The Roman Empire spread its influence throughout much of Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East, and as a result, Latin became a dominant language across much of the known world. Latin was the language of the Roman government, military, and legal system, and it was widely used in trade and commerce.

Latin was an important gift from Rome because it provided a common language for people across different regions and cultures to communicate with one another. Latin allowed for the spread of ideas and knowledge across the Roman Empire and beyond, and it helped to shape the course of Western civilization.

Option C. Oars were not a technological advancement for helping sailors improve their sailing techniques.

Oars have been used for centuries as a means of propulsion for boats, but they do not improve sailing techniques.

On the other hand, the compass, astrolabe, and rudders are all technological advancements that have helped sailors improve their sailing techniques.

The compass helps sailors navigate and maintain their course, the astrolabe helps determine latitude, and the rudder helps with steering and maneuvering the boat.

Therefore, the correct answer is as given above. It could then be concluded that option C oars were not a technological advancement for helping sailor improve their sailing techniques.

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Answer:

The last kings of Judah were Zedekiah, Jehoiakim, Jehoahaz, and Josiah. These kings ruled during the time period from around 640 BCE to 586 BCE. Their rule was marked by political instability and conflict, as Judah was caught between the competing empires of Babylon and Egypt.

One notable aspect of the rule of the last kings of Judah was their failure to follow God's commands. The prophet Jeremiah, who lived during this time period, spoke out against the kings and the people of Judah for their disobedience. In Jeremiah 2:8, God says, "The priests did not say, 'Where is the Lord?' Those who handle the law did not know me; the shepherds transgressed against me; the prophets prophesied by Baal and went after things that do not profit."

The kings of Judah also struggled to maintain their independence from foreign powers. For example, in 609 BCE, King Josiah attempted to stop the advance of the Egyptian army, but was killed in battle. After Josiah's death, his son Jehoahaz ruled for just three months before being deposed by the Egyptian pharaoh, who installed his own puppet king, Jehoiakim, on the throne. Jehoiakim was later overthrown by the Babylonian king, Nebuchadnezzar, who took many of the people of Judah into exile in Babylon.

Despite their failures, the last kings of Judah did have some things in common. For example, they all struggled to balance their allegiance to God with the political realities of their time. They also faced the challenge of ruling a small kingdom in the midst of larger, more powerful empires.

The lives of the last kings of Judah had a significant impact on the people of Judah. Their disobedience to God's commands led to a time of great turmoil and suffering, as the people were taken into exile and their homeland was destroyed. However, their stories also serve as a reminder of the consequences of disobedience and the importance of following God's commands.

In conclusion, the rule of the last kings of Judah was marked by political instability, conflict, and disobedience to God's commands. While they all faced unique challenges, they shared the struggle to balance their allegiance to God with the political realities of their time. Their lives as rulers had a significant impact on the people of Judah, leading to a time of great turmoil and suffering. However, their stories also serve as a reminder of the consequences of disobedience and the importance of following God's commands.

Explanation:

BRAINLIEST PLEASE!!

Answer:

(no plagiarism)

Explanation:

Josiah, Zedekiah, Jehoiakim, and Jehoahaz served as Judah's final kings. These monarchs held power between roughly 640 and 586 BCE. Political unrest and conflict characterized their rule because Judah was sandwiched between the rival empires of Babylon and Egypt.

The failure of the final Judahi monarchs to obey God's precepts was one significant characteristic of their governance. During this time, the prophet Jeremiah condemned the kings and the people of Judah for their disobedience. God declares in Jeremiah 2:8, "The priests did not ask, 'Where is the Lord?'" The shepherds violated me, and those in charge of the law were unaware of me. The rulers of Judah similarly struggled to keep their nation free from outside influences. For instance, King Josiah sought to halt the Egyptian army's march in 609 BCE but was killed in combat. After Josiah's passing, his son Jehoahaz held the kingdom for about three months before being overthrown by the Egyptian pharaoh, who replaced him with Jehoiakim, his puppet king. Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, overthrew Jehoiakim later on and exiled numerous Judahite citizens to Babylon. The final Judah kings shared some traits despite their failings. They all strove, for instance, to strike a balance between their adherence to God and the political circumstances of their time. They also had to deal with the difficulties of governing a little kingdom amid much bigger and more formidable empires.

The final Judahi monarchs' lives had a profound effect on the people of Judah. The people were exiled and their nation was destroyed as a result of their disobedience to God's laws, which caused a period of intense instability and misery. Their experiences also serve as a warning about the repercussions of disobedience and the significance of keeping God's instructions.

In conclusion, political unrest, war, and disobedience to God's commands characterized the reign of Judah's last kings. They all encountered different difficulties, but they all struggled to strike a balance between their adherence to God and the political realities of their time. The people of Judah experienced a period of enormous upheaval and suffering as a result of their actions as kings. Their experiences also serve as a warning about the repercussions of disobedience and the significance of keeping God's instructions.

After France fell to the Germans, a new French government largely controlled by the German occupiers was established in Vichy, France. Vichy was a town in the southern part of France and became the seat of the collaborationist government. This government was known as the Vichy Regime.

1. France fell to the Germans during WWII

2. A new French government largely controlled by the German occupiers was established

3. This government was based in Vichy, France

4. This government was known as the Vichy Regime

The Vichy Regime was a collaborationist government established in Vichy, France after France fell to the German occupiers during WWII. This government was largely controlled by the Germans, and had its own legislature, police force, and legal system.

It also signed armistices with Germany that allowed the Germans to control much of the country.

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True. The Freedmen's Bureau (also known as the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands was created to help African Americans, who were recently freed from slavery, transition into a free life. The bureau redistributed some land in the South for African American ownership.

On March 3, 1865, Congress passed “An Act to establish a Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and Refugees” to provide food, shelter, clothing, medical services, and land to displaced Southerners, including newly freed African Americans.

Refugees are people who have fled war, violence, conflict and have crossed an international border to find safety in another country.

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The Holodomor was a classicide committed against successful peasants and the Soviet Union during the 1920s and 1930s that resulted in the death of more than 6 million Soviets due to execution, prison camps, and the ensuing famine.

The Holodomor was a form of ethnic cleansing and genocidal famine conducted by the Soviet Union to suppress resistance and subjugate those who did not comply with Stalin’s orders.

Peasants were stripped of their land and possessions and prohibited from leaving their villages, leading to a devastating famine.

Millions of peasants were sent to labor camps or executed for resisting. Millions more died from malnutrition and starvation. This tragedy left a lasting legacy of suffering and death in the Soviet Union.

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The photograph (Source 4) depicts a family of four tending to a "victory garden".

The family is posed in a very traditional way, with the mother and father in the center, a daughter on the left, and a son on the right. This suggests that the victory garden program was seen as a family activity, with all members of the family taking part in the effort.

This implies that the victory garden program was seen as a communal activity, where all members of society worked together to contribute to the war effort. It also suggests that the war efforts on the homefront were seen as a communal responsibility, where all members of society had a role to play.

She is posed with her hands on her hips, wearing a hat and apron, and smiling confidently. Her pose suggests that she is proud of the garden that she has planted and is confident in the success of the Victory Garden program.

The Victory Garden program was a response to food shortages during World War II and allowed citizens to grow their own fruits and vegetables in their backyards. This photo suggests the success of the program and the effort that citizens put into supporting the war effort on the home front. It also serves as a reminder of the commitment and patriotism of the citizens of the United States during the war effort.

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Shays's Rebellion, an uprising in massachusetts And connecticut from August 1786 to February 1787 against oppressive economic conditions and exorbitant taxes.

Shays' Rebellion sped up calls for Articles reform, which ultimately led to the Convention In philadelphia of 1787. Washington was chosen as the Convention's president, and the result was the United States Constitution. In order to stop the execution of debt collection and foreclosure procedures, armed groups forced the closure of various courts. Revolt strives to topple and eliminate the oppressive power as well as the rules that go along with it, unlike rebellion, which typically aims to dodge and/or win concessions from it. Revolts aim for a revolution, whilst rebellions aim for resistance.

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The women's rights movement and the anti-slavery movement were closely related. The two movements shared many similarities in terms of their goals and tactics. The movements sought to end discrimination against oppressed groups and establish equality for all.

Here are three key points from the documents that support this argument.Document A highlights that Sojourner Truth was a woman and a former slave. Truth was an important figure in both movements and advocated for the rights of both women and African Americans. This connection shows that the two movements were not mutually exclusive and could work together towards a common goal.Document B, on the other hand, shows how some people in the anti-slavery movement did not support women's participation in their cause. Reverend Harvey argued that women should not participate in the World Anti-Slavery Convention.

However, this does not discredit the broader connection between the two movements. In fact, it highlights the tensions between the two groups and suggests that the women's rights movement was fighting for a broader social change that would benefit all oppressed groups.

Finally, both documents speak to the shared goals of the two movements. Document A shows that Truth was advocating for women's suffrage and the abolition of slavery, two goals that were also central to the anti-slavery movement. Document B highlights that the anti-slavery movement was fighting against the oppressive system of slavery, a system that was founded on the exploitation of African Americans and women.

The fact that both movements were fighting for equality and justice shows that they were closely related.In conclusion, the women's rights movement and the anti-slavery movement were related. Both movements shared similar goals and tactics in the fight for equality and social justice. While there were tensions between the two groups, they were ultimately working towards a common goal.

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Gloria Steinem was a key advocate of feminist policies in the 1970s.

She was a feminist activist and journalist who co-founded Ms. Magazine in 1972. She was one of the most visible faces of the women's liberation movement of the 1960s and 1970s.

Steinam was a prominent feminist leader who founded the National Women's Political Caucus, served as president of the feminist organization Voters for Choice, and established the Ms. Foundation for Women, which provides grants to women's groups throughout the country.

Therefore the key advocate of feminist policies is "gloria steinem."

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Oswaldo Escobar Velado was a renowned Guatemalan writer, journalist, and teacher who made significant contributions to Central American literature. In his works, Velado depicts the complexities of Guatemalan society.

Its political issues, and the struggles of its people, often with a critical and sometimes satirical tone. His literature is characterized by a focus on social and political issues, a deep concern for human rights, and an unwavering commitment to advocating for justice.

Velado was part of the Generation of '44, a group of writers who emerged in Guatemala in the 1940s and made significant contributions to Central American literature. Other notable representatives of this generation include Miguel Angel Asturias, who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1967 for his works such as "El Señor Presidente" and "Men of Maize," and Luis Cardoza y Aragón, a poet and diplomat who wrote "Cuentos de Guatemaltecos" and "Génesis del Presagio." These writers, along with Velado, shared a commitment to social justice and used their literature to expose the injustices and inequalities present in Guatemalan society.

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Translated Question;

Activity 6Write a commentary on Oswaldo Escobar Velado's text, commenting on the characteristics of his literature and giving textual examples. Name different representatives of the generation of '44 and their respective works

Between 1800 and 1850, America underwent change as the industrial economies of the North and South became reliant on Southern cotton.

The 31st state, California, joins the Union (see History of California and An Act for the Admission of the State of California). Territory of Utah is created. The U.S. Congress passed a resolution creating New Mexico Territory.

When more white males gained the right to vote and political parties became more organized between the 1820s and 1850, the nature of American democracy changed. It changed, turning more political and loud, which encouraged ambivalence and even dissatisfaction with politics and the major parties.

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