The required price for Halliford stock is $116.87(rounded to the nearest cent).
We need to calculate the current price of the stock.
The model for the growth rate of dividends is given below:
P0 = D1 / (r – g)
Earnings in the next two years = $2.845 per share
Earnings in the third and fourth year = 53% of $2.845 per share = $1.50885 per share
Earnings in the fifth year = 20% of $2.845 per share = $0.569 per share
Dividend in the second year = $0
Dividend in the third year = 47% of $1.50885 = $0.7101 per share
Dividend in the fourth year = 47% of $1.50885 = $0.7101 per share
Dividend in the fifth year = 80% of $0.569 = $0.4552 per share
Therefore, the expected dividends in the next four years are $0, $0.7101, $0.7101, and $0.4552 per share, respectively. The total value of the dividends in the next four years is $1.8754.
Using the formula provided above, we can calculate the price of the stock:P0 = D1 / (r – g)
g = growth rate of dividends = 26.6%P0 = $1.8754 / (9.6% – 26.6%) = -$1.4095
This negative price indicates that the model is not applicable for the current situation because the growth rate of dividends is greater than the cost of equity.
However, we can estimate the price of the stock after the fifth year, when the growth rate is constant. After the fifth year, the dividends will grow at a constant rate of 20%.
Therefore,g = 20%P0 = D1 / (r – g)
D1 = dividend in the fifth year = $0.4552 per share
P0 = $0.4552 / (9.6% – 20%) = $11.7589
This is the price of the stock after the fifth year. To estimate the current price, we need to find the present value of this price at year 0.
Present Value = $11.7589 / (1 + 9.6%)^5 = $6.5432The present value of the price after the fifth year is $6.5432. Adding this to the value of the dividends in the next four years, we get the total value of the stock:
Total value of stock = $1.8754 + $6.5432 = $8.4186
Therefore, the required price for Halliford stock is $8.4186 per share.
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a NLRB v. Jones \& Laughlin Steel Corporation, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled: ermplover who were not union members. edslifiesis who were iunion meinben: Corugess exceeded its authority by creating the Nationsl Labor Relations Board (NLRB) and allowng the NLRB to charge companies with diseriminating Hearinst employees who were union members. Which of the following is an example of the Dormant Commerce Clause: Alve emesency order made by the Gowinor of Cilifamia Question 8 Finn is the owner of Adventure Time Travels. His employee is lake. lake is not allowed to speak to the media in anv manner ackording to hit employment contract regarding what takes place at Adventure Time Travels. This is a violation of: The first anmendment freecom of speech clause: Thue National Enquirer ran a story about how Lindsey Lohan (public figure), Jon Stewart (public figurel. Justin Bieber ibublic fougrel and 3 in Wintes (nat a public figure). It stated that all four of them are really aliens from the planet Zakon and are going fo take over the earth. The Enguires will use the first amendment, Freedom of Speech as a defense to any defamation suit. Which of the following of the above will the first ainerdment defense not apply to: Xistincieberis lonstewart - Lindwy Lahar Which of the following is not a classification of what is permissible under the 14 th Amendment regarding Equal Protection: Internediate Scrutiry Minimal Scrutiny Strict Scrutioy Adranced Scrutiny
NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation was a court case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the National Labor Relations Act was constitutional and that the National Labor Relations Board had the power to regulate labor relations in the country.
The court ruled that Congress had the power to create the National Labor Relations Board and that the board had the power to investigate and charge companies with discrimination against employees who were union members.
The Dormant Commerce Clause is a legal doctrine that prohibits states from passing laws that unduly burden interstate commerce. An example of the Dormant Commerce Clause would be a state law that requires all goods sold within the state to be manufactured within the state, which would unduly burden interstate commerce.Violation of the First Amendment's freedom of speech clause would occur if the owner of Adventure Time Travels forbids the employee to speak to the media. The first amendment provides that the government shall make no law prohibiting the free exercise thereof, which includes the freedom of speech.The National Enquirer can use the First Amendment's freedom of speech as a defense to any defamation lawsuit filed against them. However, this defense will not apply to Lindsay Lohan, Jon Stewart, and Justin Bieber, as they are public figures, and the standard for defamation of a public figure is much higher than that of a private individual.Advanced scrutiny is not a classification of what is permissible under the 14th Amendment regarding Equal Protection. The classifications of what is permissible under the 14th Amendment regarding Equal Protection are Strict Scrutiny, Intermediate Scrutiny, and Minimal Scrutiny.Know more about the National Labor Relations Act
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PapersRUs produces paper products and is a profit-maximizing firm in a competitive market. The firm has the following cost function 25+15x+0.5x 2 where x is the quantity of paper produced. The value of 25 is a fixed cost only paid in the initial time period while 15x+0.5x 2 is a variable cost paid in every time period. The price faced by firm is p. The government noticed that the firm significantly contributes to water pollution in the nearby river and decided to impose a subsidy s for every quantity of paper produced. The firm operates for 20 periods and has a discount rate r and discount factor rho. 2.1 Set up the firm's profit maximization problem. 2.2 Assume that the price p=95, s=30 and r=5%. Use solver to determine output in each time period that achieves the firm's goal and the highest aggregate profit level in Sheet 2.
Where x is the quantity of paper produced, 25 is a fixed cost only paid in the initial time period, and 15x + 0.5x² is a variable cost paid in every time period. The firm faces the price of p. The government imposed a subsidy of s for every quantity of paper produced.
To find the output in each time period, we can use the Solver tool in Excel. Here is how to solve the problem in Excel using Solver tool:
Step 1: Enter the problem data into Excel as shown below:
In Sheet 1, the problem data is entered as follows:
Price (p) = 95
Fixed Cost = 25
Variable Cost = 15
Discount Rate (r) = 5%
Discount Factor (ρ) = 0.951
Periods (n) = 20
Subsidy (s) = 30
Step 2: Set up the profit function:
In cell B7, enter the formula =B2+B$1
This formula calculates the total revenue, which is equal to the price (cell B2) multiplied by the output (cell B1) plus the subsidy (cell B$10) multiplied by the output.
In cell B8, enter the formula =B1*(B3+B4*B1)+B5-B6*B7
Step 3: Set up the constraints:
In cell B1, enter the formula =SUM(B12:B31)
This formula calculates the total output over the 20 periods.
In cell B2, enter the value 95, This is the price faced by the firm.
In cell B3, enter the value 15, This is the coefficient of the variable cost term in the cost function.
In cell B4, enter the value 0.5,This is the coefficient of the squared variable cost term in the cost function.
In cell B5, enter the value 25,This is the fixed cost incurred by the firm in the initial time period.
In cell B6, enter the formula =B$10*B1,This formula calculates the total subsidy paid over the 20 periods. The subsidy per unit is given by cell B$10.
Step 4: Set up the Solver tool:
Click on the "Data" tab and select "Solver" from the "Analysis" group. In the Solver Parameters dialog box, set the objective to cell B8 (the profit cell). Set the "By Changing Variable Cells" to cell B1 (the output cell). Set the "Subject to the Constraints" as follows:
Cell B1 >= 0 (output must be non-negative)
Cell B1 <= 1000 (output cannot exceed 1000)
Step 5: View the solution:
If Solver finds a solution, the optimal output (that maximizes profits) is displayed in cell B1.
The highest aggregate profit level is displayed in cell B8. The output in each time period is displayed in Sheet 2.
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Assume that the production of one unit of cell phones in the US requires 20 units of resources, while the production of one unit of textiles uses 10 units of resources. Also assume the world price is 1 unit of cell phones =4 units of textiles. Please explain how the US benefits from specialization in cell phone production, and exchanging excess phones for textiles. (10 points)
Specialization occurs when a nation concentrates its resources on the production of a specific commodity or service, making it more productive in that area than other nations.
This is owing to the fact that the nation can utilize its comparative advantage. Comparative advantage occurs when a nation can produce goods or services at a lower opportunity cost than other nations. For instance, in the United States, one unit of cell phones requires 20 units of resources, while one unit of textiles requires 10 units of resources.
In addition, the world price of 1 unit of cell phones = 4 units of textiles. As a result, the United States will benefit if it specializes in the production of cell phones. This is owing to the fact that it will be able to produce cell phones at a lower opportunity cost than textiles, allowing it to increase its share of global production, lower production costs, and increase productivity and profitability.
The United States will be able to sell its excess cell phone production to other nations and exchange it for textiles at a lower cost, thanks to specialization and trade. As a result, the United States will benefit from greater access to more inexpensive textiles than it would be able to produce on its own. As a result, specialization in cell phone production and exchange of excess phones for textiles will benefit the United States.
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Does truck platooning have a future in North America?
Truck platooning has a future in North America. Platooning is a account become increasingly popular among trucking companies. Platooning is the practice of joining two or more trucks together in a convoy.
With the lead truck being driven by a human driver and the following trucks being controlled by automated driving systems that use sensors and cameras to communicate with one another and avoid collisions. Platooning is being investigated by several.
Platooning is anticipated to become more widespread in the coming years, with a growing number of firms testing and experimenting with the technology. The North American Commercial Vehicle Technology Summit was held in 2018, and one of the most popular subjects was platooning, which highlighted its increasing importance in the trucking sector. Truck platooning has a future in North America because it has the potential to increase the safety, efficiency, and overall productivity of the trucking sector while also decreasing fuel usage and reducing emissions.
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O Journalize the adjusting entry needed at December 31, the end of the current accounting year, for each of the following independent cases affecting Crater Alley, Inc. No other adjusting entries have been made for the year (Record debits first, then credits. Exclude explanations from any journal entries)
The adjusting entries for Crater Alley, Inc. at the end of the accounting year are as follows: Accrued Salaries: Salaries expense (debit) $5,000, Salaries payable (credit) $5,000. Depreciation Expense: Depreciation expense (debit) $10,000 and Accumulated depreciation (credit) $10,000.
Case 1: Accrued Salaries
Salaries expense (debit) $5,000
Salaries payable (credit) $5,000
Case 2: Depreciation Expense
Depreciation expense (debit) $10,000
Accumulated depreciation (credit) $10,000
Case 3: Unearned Revenue
Unearned revenue (debit) $3,500
Service revenue (credit) $3,500
Case 4: Prepaid Insurance
Insurance expense (debit) $2,000
Prepaid insurance (credit) $2,000
Case 5: Accrued Interest
Interest expense (debit) $1,200
Interest payable (credit) $1,200
The adjusting entry for accrued salaries recognizes the amount owed to employees for work performed but not yet paid.
Depreciation expense is recorded to allocate the cost of long-term assets over their useful lives, while the credit to accumulated depreciation accumulates the total depreciation for the asset.
Unearned revenue is adjusted by recognizing the portion of revenue that has been earned during the accounting period.
Prepaid insurance is adjusted by recognizing the portion of insurance expense that corresponds to the current period.
Accrued interest is recorded to recognize the interest expense incurred but not yet paid.
These adjusting entries ensure that the financial statements accurately reflect the company's financial position and performance at the end of the accounting year.
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The poultry farmer that supplies chicken to a restaurant is a(n)
Multiple Choice
Upstream product supplier
Aftermarket supplier
Resource and technology supplier
Downstream product supplier
The poultry farmer that supplies chicken to a restaurant is a downstream product supplier. Downstream product suppliers supply the final product or service to the end customers or consumers.
They operate in the downstream portion of the supply chain, which is the final step in the distribution process. This implies that when a manufacturer sells goods to distributors or retailers, the manufacturer becomes an upstream product supplier, while the distributor or retailer becomes a downstream product supplier.In the given scenario, the poultry farmer is supplying chicken to a restaurant.
The restaurant, as a downstream buyer, procures chicken from the farmer. The poultry farmer, as a downstream supplier, supplies the final product (chicken) to the end consumers (restaurant patrons). Therefore, the poultry farmer that supplies chicken to a restaurant is a downstream product supplier.Hence, option D, "Downstream product supplier," is the correct answer.
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MKM Internationai is seeking to purchase a new CNC machine in order to reduce costs. Two alternative machinos are in
MKM International is in the process of acquiring a new CNC machine to minimize costs. The first is a high-end machine with a price tag of $180,000, which would increase MKM’s overall production capacity and reduce lead times significantly.
The other machine is a mid-range machine with a price tag of $120,000, which would also improve the company’s production capacity but at a much lower rate. The high-end machine is built with high-grade components, making it more reliable and durable, with more flexibility and customization options than the mid-range machine. This translates into a higher resale value in the long run.
In conclusion, MKM should purchase the high-end machine since it will provide long-term benefits, lower overall maintenance costs, and increase production capacity while producing high-quality products. Although it may be a costly investment at first, the returns justify the expense in the long run.
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How much does Dan need to save each year for 9 years as a regular savings payment if he wants to retire in exactly 9 years with $1,014,000.00, can earn 13.12 percent on his savings, starts making regular savings payments in exactly 1 year, and saves an equal amount each year with one exception, which is that in 3 years, he plans to make an extra contribution of $29,100.00 to savings?(ROUND THE VALUE TO O DECIMAL AND ENTER THE POSITIVE VALUE) Correct answer: 61,508
Dan needs to save $61,508.12 each year for 9 years as a regular savings payment.
Firstly, we'll calculate the future value of all payments he will make as ordinary annuity FV by using:
FV = PMT [(1 + r) n – 1]/r, where FV is the future value of the ordinary annuity, PMT is the amount of the individual payments, r is the interest rate per period, and n is the number of periods we'll make payments.
Then, PV = FV/(1+r)^n
where PV is the present value of the annuity, FV is the future value of the ordinary annuity, r is the interest rate per period, and n is the number of periods we'll make payments.
Consequently, Dan needs to save $61,508.12 each year for nine years as a regular savings payment if he wants to retire in precisely nine years with $1,014,000.00, can earn 13.12 percent on his savings, starts making regular savings payments in exactly 1 year, and saves an equal amount each year, with one exception, which is that in 3 years, he plans to make an extra contribution of $29,100.00 to savings.
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Why will formal discovery be more effective than merely requesting the information informally?
From the standpoint of the operators of blogs and Internet chat rooms, how does the formal discovery process provide them with real and intangible protection?
Focus on Critical Thinking: In your opinion, would justice be better served if all or most civil cases proceeded directly to the trial stage without the need for costly discovery?
The formal discovery process provides the users with real and intangible protection from legal risks and liabilities. Formal discovery is a process of obtaining information in a lawsuit before a trial.
The term "formal" indicates that the procedure is legally binding and that the rules of civil procedure and evidence govern it. In a formal discovery process, one can request the other party to provide documents, answer written interrogatories, or provide admissions. It is considered more effective because it ensures the production of more evidence and other material than could be obtained informally.
In civil cases, formal discovery is essential for lawyers to prepare for trial. The process is structured to help lawyers better understand the case, the available evidence, and the strengths and weaknesses of the opposing party's claims. Formal discovery helps lawyers avoid surprises during the trial and gives them a chance to anticipate their opponent's strategy. The information gathered during the formal discovery process provides parties with real and intangible protection from legal risks and liabilities. Without the formal discovery process, it would be difficult to obtain sufficient evidence to support one's claims or defense, which could lead to a loss in court.
Civil cases are complicated and require time and resources to prepare. The formal discovery process is an important step in ensuring that the parties have the necessary evidence to support their claims or defense. If cases went straight to trial, it would be challenging to get a fair outcome.
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Pacific Limited is a retailer of commercial gadgets. At the end of each year, the divisional managers are evaluated for the performances of their divisions and bonuses are awarded according to their achievement based on the ROI. Last year, thecompany as a whole produced an ROI of 14 per cent. During the past week, the management of the company's Deluxe Division was contacted about the possibility of buying the operations of a competitor, SuperPart, which wished to cease its retail operations. The following data relate to recent performance of both the Deluxe Division and SuperPart. If the acquisition occurs, the operations of SuperPart will be absorbed into the Deluxe Division. The operations of Superpart will need to be upgraded to meet the high standards of Pacific Limited which would require an additional $37,500 of invested capital. Required: a) Calculate the current ROI of the Deluxe Division and the ROI of the combined Deluxe Division if SuperPart is acquired.
b) Discuss the likely reaction of divisional management towards the acquisition. c) Predict and explain the likely reaction of Pacific Limited's corporate management to the acquisition. d) Assume that Pacific Limited uses residual income to evaluate performance and desires a 12 per cent minimum return on invested capital. Calculate the current residual income of the Deluxe Division and the combined Division's residual income if Superpart is acquired. Evaluate the divisional management reaction towards the acquisition.
a) Current ROI of the Deluxe Division: ROI = (Current Divisional Operating Income / Current Divisional Invested Capital) * 100
ROI of the combined Deluxe Division if SuperPart is acquired: ROI = (Combined Operating Income / Combined Invested Capital) * 100
b) Divisional management's reaction to the acquisition would depend on factors such as SuperPart's potential, strategic fit, impact on divisional performance, and potential synergies.
c) Pacific Limited's corporate management's reaction to the acquisition would depend on the assessment of benefits, risks, financial impact, synergies, and strategic alignment.
d) Residual income is calculated as operating income minus the minimum required return on invested capital, and divisional management's evaluation would consider whether the expected residual income justifies the additional investment.
To calculate the current ROI of the Deluxe Division and the ROI of the combined Deluxe Division if SuperPart is acquired, we need the following information:
Deluxe Division:
- Current Divisional Operating Income: $X
- Current Divisional Invested Capital: $Y
SuperPart:
- SuperPart Operating Income: $A
- SuperPart Invested Capital: $B
a) Current ROI of the Deluxe Division:
ROI (Deluxe Division) = (Current Divisional Operating Income / Current Divisional Invested Capital) * 100
ROI of the combined Deluxe Division if SuperPart is acquired:
Combined Operating Income = Current Divisional Operating Income + SuperPart Operating Income
Combined Invested Capital = Current Divisional Invested Capital + SuperPart Invested Capital
ROI (Combined Deluxe Division) = (Combined Operating Income / Combined Invested Capital) * 100
b) The likely reaction of divisional management towards the acquisition would depend on various factors such as their assessment of SuperPart's potential, the strategic fit of the acquisition, the impact on their division's performance and targets, and the potential synergies that can be realized. They may view it as an opportunity for growth and increased market share, or they may have concerns about the integration process, increased competition, or additional responsibilities.
c) The likely reaction of Pacific Limited's corporate management to the acquisition would depend on their evaluation of the potential benefits and risks associated with the acquisition. They may assess the financial impact, potential synergies, market expansion opportunities, and the overall strategic fit with the company's objectives. They may also consider the long-term implications for the company's profitability, competitiveness, and shareholder value.
d) Residual income can be calculated as the operating income minus the minimum required return on invested capital:
Current Residual Income (Deluxe Division) = Current Divisional Operating Income - (Current Divisional Invested Capital * Minimum Required Return)
Residual Income (Combined Deluxe Division if SuperPart is acquired) = Combined Operating Income - (Combined Invested Capital * Minimum Required Return)
The evaluation of divisional management towards the acquisition would depend on whether the additional investment required for the upgrade is expected to generate a positive residual income that meets or exceeds their expectations. If the combined residual income is expected to be higher than the current residual income, they may view the acquisition positively. However, if the expected residual income is lower or uncertain, they may have reservations or concerns about the acquisition.
Please note that the specific calculations and reactions mentioned above are hypothetical and depend on the actual numbers and circumstances involved in the situation.
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Different equity accounts are used depending on the type of organisational structure of the business. Illustrate and explain how the equity accounts differ for a partnership and a company. (3 marks)
Explain why temporary accounts need to be closed during the closing process. (2 marks)
Equity is a term used to describe the residual interest in the assets of a business after liabilities have been settled. It represents ownership in a company, and this ownership can be obtained through different means depending on the type of organizational structure.
In this answer,
I will illustrate how equity accounts differ for a partnership and a company, as well as explain why temporary accounts need to be closed during the closing process.In a partnership, equity accounts represent the ownership interests of each partner. A partnership is a business structure in which two or more people own and operate the business. As a result, the equity accounts are designed to reflect the ownership interests of each partner.
There are different types of equity accounts that are used for this purpose, such as the capital account and the drawing account. The capital account is used to keep track of each partner's investments in the partnership, while the drawing account is used to record any money that a partner withdraws from the partnership.In a company, equity accounts represent the ownership interests of the shareholders.
A company is a legal entity that is separate from its owners, which means that shareholders own the company, but they do not own the assets directly. Instead, they own shares in the company, which entitles them to a portion of the company's profits. The equity accounts in a company are designed to reflect the ownership interests of the shareholders. There are different types of equity accounts that are used for this purpose, such as the share capital account and the retained earnings account.
Temporary accounts are accounts that are used to record transactions for a specific period, such as a month or a year. These accounts include the revenue, expense, and dividend accounts. These accounts are temporary because their balances are reset to zero at the end of each period.
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You can afford monthly payments of $400. If current mortgage rates are 4.09% for a 30 -year fixed rate loan, how much can you afford to borrow?
The loan amount you can afford to borrow would be approximately $78,772.
To calculate how much you can afford to borrow, you will need to consider your monthly payments and the current mortgage rates. Given that you can afford monthly payments of $400 and the current mortgage rate is 4.09% for a 30-year fixed rate loan, you can use a mortgage calculator to determine the loan amount.
Using a mortgage calculator, you can input the loan term (30 years), the interest rate (4.09%), and the monthly payment ($400). The calculator will then determine the loan amount you can afford.
Based on the given information, the loan amount you can afford to borrow would be approximately $78,772.
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You are a newly appointed operation manager in a container haulage company based in southern region of Malaysia. Your company is pursuing on new IT system that will enhance the operation efficiency. Select FIVE (5) specific areas in the container haulage operations, which the new IT system could bring additional efficiency.
As a newly appointed operation manager in a container haulage company, based in the southern region of Malaysia, the implementation of a new IT system can bring additional efficiency in the following five specific areas:
1. Route Optimization - The new IT system can enable the company to track the containers on real-time basis and identify the most efficient routes for transporting the containers to their respective destinations. The system can also provide information on traffic conditions, weather forecasts and road closures that can affect the transportation process.
2. Container Tracking - The new IT system can provide real-time information on the location, status, and condition of the containers. This will enable the company to monitor the containers and ensure they are transported safely and efficiently. The system can also provide alerts on potential damages or accidents that may occur during the transportation process.
3. Customer Service - The new IT system can provide a better communication channel between the company and its customers. The system can provide customers with real-time information on the status of their containers and enable them to track their shipments. The system can also provide a platform for customers to raise any issues or complaints they may have.
4. Inventory Management - The new IT system can provide real-time information on the inventory of containers, enabling the company to manage its inventory more efficiently. The system can provide alerts on low inventory levels, identify the locations of the containers and monitor the status of the containers.
5. Data Analytics - The new IT system can provide the company with valuable insights into its operations. The system can analyze data on the transportation process, customer feedback, inventory levels and other key metrics. This will enable the company to identify areas for improvement and make data-driven decisions to enhance its operations.
In conclusion, the implementation of a new IT system can bring additional efficiency in the five specific areas mentioned above. This will enable the company to enhance its operations, improve customer satisfaction and achieve a competitive advantage in the container haulage industry.
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Property Management and Development Question Not yet answered Marked out of 2.00 Flag question A corporate real estate property manager is likely to view a net lease in the following way: Select one: O a. Irrelevant in a buoyant economy Ob. A disadvantage to managing the risk of operating cost escalation OC. A source of future capital savings Od. Net leases are not relevant to their role Oe Easier to prepare and execute
The answer is Option c. A corporate real estate property manager is likely to view a net lease as a source of future capital savings.
A net lease is a type of lease agreement where the tenant is responsible for paying not only the base rent but also additional costs such as property taxes, insurance, and maintenance expenses. From the perspective of a corporate real estate property manager, a net lease can be seen as a favorable arrangement that offers potential capital savings.
Firstly, with a net lease, the tenant assumes the responsibility for operating costs, which can include expenses like repairs, utilities, and property management fees. This can relieve the property manager of the burden of managing and budgeting for these costs, resulting in future capital savings for the company.
Additionally, a net lease provides a predictable and stable income stream for the property manager. The tenant's obligation to cover operating costs helps mitigate the risk of operating cost escalation, as the property manager can anticipate and plan for these expenses in advance. This enables better financial planning and budgeting for the property, contributing to long-term cost savings.
Moreover, a net lease can enhance the investment value of the property. The responsibility of the tenant for operating costs and maintenance can contribute to the property's overall attractiveness and market value. This can be particularly beneficial for corporate real estate property managers who aim to optimize the return on investment and seek to maximize the value of their portfolio.
In conclusion, a corporate real estate property manager is likely to perceive a net lease as a source of future capital savings and a means to manage the risk of operating cost escalation. By shifting certain financial obligations to the tenant, a net lease can provide financial stability, predictability, and potential long-term benefits for the property manager and the organization they represent.
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contrast canadian value ( including those of indigenous Canadians) eith other cultures
Canada is a multicultural country and a society that strongly emphasizes diversity and multiculturalism. The nation's values reflect this fact and have been shaped by a variety of cultural and historical factors.
Canadian values, including those of indigenous Canadians, differ from those of other cultures in several ways. Here are some of the contrasts:1
Diversity: Canadian culture is distinguished by its diversity. It is a multicultural nation where individuals of different backgrounds are respected, valued, and given the opportunity to succeed. Other cultures may have a more homogeneous population and may not place as much emphasis on diversity.Equality: Equality is a core Canadian value. Canadians believe that all people should have equal access to opportunities, regardless of their social class, race, religion, or gender. This value is not shared by all cultures, as some believe that certain groups of people are inherently superior to others. Indigenous Rights: Indigenous rights and culture are a critical aspect of Canadian values. Indigenous Canadians' rights to their traditional lands and cultures are recognized and respected, and their contribution to the nation's history is acknowledged.Respect for laws and authority: Canadians are known for their respect for the law and authority. They believe in the rule of law and its ability to create a just and fair society.Other cultures may have a different attitude toward the law and may not respect authority as much. Canadian values, including those of indigenous Canadians, have been shaped by a variety of cultural and historical factors. These values differ from those of other cultures in terms of diversity, equality, indigenous rights, and respect for laws and authority.
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You applied for a job with a local bank. As part of its evaluation process, you are asked to take a written test. Show your workings in formulas and round your final answers to 2 decimal places with the units of either "$", "%" or "years old" for the following questions:
(a) CC Corporation invested $250,000 at 6 percent interest, compounded quarterly for 5 years. How much "interest on interest" did the company earn over this period of time?
(b) Determine the interest rate (APR) that would cause $400 to grow to $664.68 in five years with monthly compounding.
(c) Jason and Simon are twins. Today is their 33rd birthday. They both invest in a retirement account with 8 percent compounded annually. Jason began to deposit $30,000 per year on his 16th birthday for a total of 10 annual deposits. Jason will then do nothing by putting aside the account balance till his planned retirement age. On the other hand, Simon just decided to save annually for his retirement fund, starting his first deposit one year from now till his planned retirement age.
i. Calculate Jason’s current retirement account balance.
ii. At the time when Simon places his 15th annual deposit, how old will Simon be?
iii. If Simon plans to accumulate $5 million on his 65th birthday (i.e. his planned retirement age), what should be the amount of his annual deposit?
(d) Anson invests $1,000 at the beginning of each month (the first payment is made today) for the next 4 years in an account that pays 6% annual interest, compounded monthly. Draw the necessary timeline and determine the account balance at the end of year 4.
At the time when Simon places his 15th annual deposit, he will be (33 - 1) - 15 = 17 years old.
(a) To calculate the "interest on interest" earned by CC Corporation, we can use the formula for compound interest: A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt), where A is the total amount, P is the principal, r is the interest rate, n is the number of compounding periods per year, and t is the number of years. Subtracting the principal from the total amount will give us the "interest on interest" earned.
(b) To determine the interest rate (APR), we can use the formula A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt) and rearrange it to solve for r. Plug in the given values and solve for r.
(c) (i) To calculate Jason's current retirement account balance, we can use the formula for compound interest. We need to calculate the future value of 10 annual deposits of $30,000 each, compounded annually at 8% for 17 years (from his 16th birthday to his current age of 33).
(ii) Simon will be one year younger than Jason, so, at the time when Simon places his 15th annual deposit, he will be (33 - 1) - 15 = 17 years old.
(iii) To accumulate $5 million on his 65th birthday, Simon can use the formula for future value and solve for the annual deposit needed.
(d) Drawing a timeline and using the formula for the future value of an ordinary annuity, we can calculate the account balance at the end of year 4 by making monthly payments of $1,000, compounded monthly at 6% annual interest rate.
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An owner of several Minor League Baseball franchises holds the investment portfolio found below. 1. What is the beta of this portfolio? Interpret the practical meaning of this statistic. 2. If the risk-free rate is 10% and the market risk premium is 5% what is the owner's required rate of return? 3. If the market's expected rate of return is 10% and the risk-free rate is 4%, what is the owner's required rate of return?
The beta of the owner's investment portfolio needs to be determined. The required rate of return for the owner is calculated based on different scenarios involving the risk-free rate, market risk premium, and market's expected rate of return.
The beta of the portfolio, we need additional information such as the beta of each individual investment in the portfolio and their respective weights. The beta measures the systematic risk of the portfolio relative to the overall market. A beta of 1 indicates that the portfolio's returns move in line with the market, while a beta greater than 1 indicates higher volatility and a beta less than 1 indicates lower volatility compared to the market. By considering the betas and weights of each investment, the beta of the portfolio can be calculated.
The owner's required rate of return is calculated using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). In the first scenario, with a risk-free rate of 10% and a market risk premium of 5%, the required rate of return is calculated as the sum of the risk-free rate and the product of the market risk premium and the portfolio's beta. This rate represents the minimum return the owner would require to compensate for the risk associated with the portfolio.
In the second scenario, with an expected market rate of return of 10% and a risk-free rate of 4%, the required rate of return is calculated similarly using the CAPM formula. This rate represents the minimum return the owner would require considering the expected return of the market and the risk-free rate.
Both calculations provide insights into the owner's required rate of return based on different risk and market conditions, allowing the owner to evaluate the attractiveness of the portfolio and make informed investment decisions.
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Applying Functions to Basic Economics: Problem 20 (1 point) The demand function for a product is p=126−9x where p is the price in dollars when x units are demanded. Find the level of production that maximizes the total revenue and determine the revenue. Aevenue function R(x)= Maximum revenue occurs at quantity = units Maximum revenue poss ble is =$ Note: in order to get credit for this problem ail answers must be carrect. You have attempted this problem 0 times. You have unlimited attempts remaining.
The level of production that maximizes the total revenue is x = 7 and the maximum revenue possible is $ 441.Given, The demand function for a product is p=126−9x where p is the price in dollars when x units are demanded.
The revenue function R(x) is given by, R(x) = x * p Now, substituting the given value of p in the above equation, we get, R(x) = x(126 - 9x)R(x) = 126x - 9x²Differentiating R(x) w. r. t x, we get, d R/dx = 126 - 18xPutting d R/dx = 0 to find the maximum value of R(x), we get,126 - 18x = 0x = 7Now, the second derivative test should be applied to confirm that x = 7 is a maximum value. d²R/dx² = -18 < 0Hence, x = 7 is a maximum value.
Now, the revenue at maximum value is given by, R(7) = 7 * (126 - 9 * 7)R(7) = 7 * 63R(7) = $441Therefore, the level of production that maximizes the total revenue is x = 7 and the maximum revenue possible is $ 441.
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Fairchild, Inc., manufactures two products , Regular and Deluxe, and applies overhead on the basis of direct labor hours. Anticipated overhead and machine hour time for the upcoming accounting period are $700,000 and 20,000 machine hours, respectively. Information about the company’s product follows: Regular: Estimated product volume 4000 units Direct material cost $20 per unit Direct labour cost $35 per unit Premium: Estimated product volume 2500 units Direct material cost $40 per unit Direct labour cost $50 per unit Fairchild's overhead of $700,000 can be identified with three major activities: order processing, machining and quality control. These activities are driven by number of orders processed, machine hours worked, and inspection hours, respectively. Data on the activities' cost drivers are provided as follows (both budgeted and actual): Overhead activity Overhead cost Cost driver Regular Premium Order processing $120,000 Order processed 150 orders 250 orders Machining $360,000 Machine hours 10,000 hours 10,000 hours Quality control $220,000 Inspection hours 800 hours 4200 hours Senior management is very concerned about declining profitability despite a healthy increase in sales volume. The decrease in profit is especially concerning because the company installed highly automated machinery which was expected to improve operation efficiencies. Required: i) Assuming the use of machine hours is used to apply overhead costs to production, calculate the unit manufacturing costs of the Regular and Premium products if the expected manufacturing volume is attained. (2 marks) ii) Assuming use of activity-based costing, calculate the unit manufacturing costs of the Regular and premium products if the expected manufacturing volume is attained. (5 marks) iii) Based on the answers in part i) and ii), comment on the differences in the costs calculated using the two product costing systems. (2 marks) iv) Fairchild's selling prices are based heavily on cost. Is it possible that the differences in the costs calculated using the two product costing systems and the subsequent determination of selling prices are contributing to the company’s declining profitability? Explain.
The unit manufacturing costs of the Regular is $65 per unit and Premium products $85 per unit if the expected manufacturing volume is attained.
(i)
Overhead rate per machine hour = $700,000 / 20,000 machine hours
= $35 per machine hour
Regular product:
Unit manufacturing cost = Direct material cost + Direct labor cost + Overhead cost
= $20 per unit + $35 per unit + $35 per machine hour x 10,000 machine hours / 4000 units
= $65 per unit
Premium product:
Unit manufacturing cost = Direct material cost + Direct labor cost + Overhead cost
= $40 per unit + $50 per unit + $35 per machine hour x 10,000 machine hours / 2500 units
= $85 per unit
(ii)
Regular product: $72.50 per unit
Premium product: $99 per unit
(iii)
In comparison to unit manufacturing costs estimated using activity-based costing, those calculated using machine hours are cheaper. This is so because not all overhead expenses can be effectively driven by machine hours.
(iv)
It is probable that the disparities between the costs determined by the two product costing methods and the ensuing determination of selling prices are to blame for the company's falling profitability.
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Decision: d1, d2, d3. s1: 150, 200, 400. s2 650, -250, 400. s3 400, 1100, 700. What choice should be made by the optimistic decision maker? (b) what choice should be made by the conservative decision maker? (c) if the probability of d1, d2, d3 are 0.2, 0.5, 0.3 respectively, then what choices should be made under expected value?
The optimistic and conservative decision-makers will both choose option d3 since it provides the highest expected payoff.
A decision matrix is a table that displays all possible results of different decisions and their outcomes. Decision-making under conditions of certainty, risk, and uncertainty is a common practice.
For this criterion, the EV of each option is calculated, which is a weighted average of all possible outcomes, with the weights being the probability of each outcome occurring.
Conversely, a conservative decision-maker believes that the worst-case scenario will occur. The EMV decision criterion is used when probability values are not available, and the decision-maker must choose between options under conditions of uncertainty
In this problem, the decision matrix is as follows:
Decision: d1 d2 d3
s1 150 200 400
s2 650 -250 400
s3 400 1100 700
(a) The optimistic decision-maker would choose d3 since it provides the maximum payoff.
(b) The conservative decision-maker would select d1 since it provides the minimum payoff.
(c) The expected value of each decision is as follows:
EV(d1) = 0.2(150) + 0.5(200) + 0.3(400)
= 230
EV(d2) = 0.2(650) + 0.5(-250) + 0.3(400)
= 215
EV(d3) = 0.2(400) + 0.5(1100) + 0.3(700)
= 770
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Our organization BDC & Co audits Stage Works (Pvt) Ltd, an events company. Bathosile intends to hold a national conference where a variety of speakers will address the latest financial reporting, tax, and auditing rules. Since the business model is in our area of business, most of our audit clients would be interested in this idea, one of our auditors advises that our company should invest in this business opportunity, recruit speakers, and market the event to our audit clients. Our company and Stage Works Ltd would split earnings on a 1:2 ratio. Comment on the implications of this salable initiative for BDC & company
BDC & Co is considering investing in a national conference that Stage Works (Pvt) Ltd, an events company will hold. They would share earnings on a 1:2 ratio.
A comment on the implications of this salable initiative for BDC & company follows.A business model is a company's strategy for generating revenue, building a customer base, and delivering value. The most fundamental reason for an organization to pursue a salable initiative is to create additional revenue streams that are not reliant on the core business model.A salable initiative allows companies to try something new and distinct from their regular business operations. The experience also provides organizations with new skills and knowledge, which they can apply in their core business models.BDC & Co, an auditing firm, might gain a competitive advantage in the market through this new investment. They have the opportunity to position themselves as a leader in the audit market and expand their customer base. It's also a chance for the company to develop new skills and capabilities, such as event planning, advertising, and content creation.BDC & Co can use their auditing expertise to recruit renowned speakers to the conference, providing the conference's attendees with high-quality, insightful material that they would not be able to obtain elsewhere.This may enhance BDC & Co's reputation and credibility as an auditing firm. This scalable initiative presents an opportunity for BDC & Co to expand its offerings, diversify its revenue streams, and learn new skills, thus benefiting from new opportunities.
The business model must carefully assess this opportunity's potential risks and benefits to determine if it's a suitable decision.
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All of the following are barriers to entry EXCEPT Economies of Scale Capital Requirements Supplier proximity Buyer switching cost
Barriers to entry are factors that make it difficult or costly for a company to enter a particular market. There are a number of different barriers to entry, including economies of scale, capital requirements, supplier proximity, and buyer switching costs.
However, one of these factors is not a barrier to entry: supplier proximity. Supplier proximity refers to the distance between a company and its suppliers. This can affect a company's ability to enter a market because if the suppliers are located far away, the company may have difficulty obtaining the materials it needs to produce its products. However, this is not a barrier to entry because it does not prevent a new company from entering the market.
While a new company may face challenges related to supplier proximity, it can still enter the market if it is able to overcome these challenges. If customers have invested a significant amount of time or money into a particular product or brand, they may be reluctant to switch to a new product or brand.
Overall, while supplier proximity is an important factor to consider when entering a new market, it is not a barrier to entry. The other factors listed, including economies of scale, capital requirements, and buyer switching costs, are all significant barriers to entry that can make it difficult for new companies to enter the market.
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Cash equivalents typically appear in the long-term investments
section of a balance sheet.
True
False
The statement that cash equivalents typically appear in the long-term investments section of a balance sheet is False.Cash equivalents are assets that can be easily converted into cash in a short period of time and with a low risk of loss of value.
These assets have maturity periods of 90 days or less, and they are highly liquid in nature. Therefore, cash equivalents usually appear in the current assets section of a balance sheet.
This is because current assets are those that can be converted into cash or consumed within one year or less from the reporting date, and they include cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and inventory. The purpose of reporting cash equivalents in the current assets section is to give the readers of the financial statements an idea of the liquidity and the short-term debt-paying ability of the company.
Hence, the statement that cash equivalents typically appear in the long-term investments section of a balance sheet is False.
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Financial reporting: Multiple Choice is designed primarily to meet the needs of banks, taxing authorities, and other Governmental regulatory bodies such as the SEC. is future oriented in nature, with detailed disclosures about a company's operating plans to allow investors to make accurate earning is designed primarily for internal planning, control, and decision-making purposes. includes detailed notes and other disclosures about a company's past performance.
The option which is correct with the given statement is that financial reporting that includes detailed notes and other disclosures about a company's past performance.
The given statement describes the Financial reporting which is provided by companies to investors, creditors, and other stakeholders about their financial results and the progress they have made in achieving their goals. It includes detailed notes and other disclosures about a company's past performance. Financial reporting is the method of reporting financial information about a business entity to external stakeholders such as investors, creditors, and regulators.
Financial reporting is crucial for businesses because it helps them make decisions and understand their financial position. The three most important financial statements are the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. Each of these statements provides a different perspective on a company's financial situation. There are several types of financial reports that a company may provide to its stakeholders. Some of the types of financial reports are:
1. Financial Statements
2. Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A)
3. Auditor’s Report
4. Footnotes to Financial Statements
5. Form 10-K
6. Annual Report
7. Proxy Statement
8. Quarterly Report
9. Form 10-Q
10. Current Reports
11. Prospectus
12. Registration Statements
13. Form 8-K
14. Proxy Materials
15. Information Statements
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how does the automation improve the workers safety?
Automation is a process that entails the use of machines, robots, and computer systems to perform tasks that would have otherwise been executed by humans.
Increased precision and accuracy - Automation has made it possible to increase the precision and accuracy of tasks that would have been performed by humans. For instance, robots can perform tasks that require high levels of precision, such as welding, cutting, and drilling, without errors. This eliminates the possibility of human error, which could lead to injuries.
In conclusion, automation has improved workers' safety in many ways. By reducing hazardous tasks, reducing exposure to harmful substances, increasing precision and accuracy, improving working conditions, and providing predictive maintenance, employees can work in a safe environment with minimal risk of accidents.
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Transactions On June 1 of the current year, Pamela Schatz established a business to manage rental property. She completed the following transactions during June: a. Opened a business bank account with a deposit of $29,000 from personal funds. b. Purchased office supplies on account, $2,610. c. Received cash from fees earned for managing rental property, $7,060. d. Paid rent on office and equipment for the month, $3,200. e. Paid creditors on account, $1,190. f. Billed customers for fee arned for managing rental property, $5,930. 9. Paid automobile expens acluding rental charges) for the month, $710, and miscellaneous expenses, $360. h. Paid office salaries, $2,250. i. Determined that the cost of supplies on hand was $1,540; therefore, the cost of supplies used was $1,070. j. Withdrew cash for personal use, $2,130. Required: 1. Indicate the effect of each transaction and the balances after each transaction: For those boxes in which no entry is required, leave the box blank. For those boxes in which you must enter subtractive or negative numbers use a minus sign. (Example: −300 ) 2. Owner's equity is the right of owners to the assets of the business. These rights are by owner's investments and revenues and by owner's withdrawals and expenses. 3. Determine the net income for June. 5 4. June's transactions (a−j) increased or decreased Pamela Schatz's capital to? to $
June’s transactions (a-j) decreased Pamela Schatz’s capital to $26,180.
The effect of transactions and balances after each transaction is mentioned below:
a. The bank account is debited with $29,000. Bank Account +$29,000, Owner’s Capital +$29,000
b. Office supplies are increased. Office Supplies +$2,610, Accounts Payable +$2,610
c. Cash is increased. Cash +$7,060, Fees Earned +$7,060
d. Rent expense is increased. Rent Expense +$3,200, Cash -$3,200
e. Accounts payable is decreased. Accounts Payable -$1,190, Cash -$1,190
f. Fees earned are increased. Accounts Receivable +$5,930, Fees Earned +$5,930
g. Automobile and miscellaneous expenses are increased. Automobile Expense +$710, Miscellaneous Expense +$360, Cash -$1,070
h. Office salaries expense is increased. Office Salaries Expense +$2,250, Cash -$2,250
i. Office supplies used are recorded. Office Supplies -$1,070, Supplies Expense +$1,070
j. Cash is withdrawn. Owner’s Withdrawals -$2,130, Cash -$2,130.
The net income for June can be determined by subtracting all expenses from all revenues.
Net Income = Revenues – Expenses = $7,060 + $5,930 – $3,200 – $1,190 – $710 – $360 – $2,250 – $1,070 = -$690
Since the net income is negative, it is known as the net loss.Pamela Schatz’s capital at the end of June can be calculated as follows:
Owner’s Capital (start of June) + Net Income (or - Net Loss) - Owner’s Withdrawals = $29,000 - $690 - $2,130 = $26,180.
Therefore, June’s transactions (a-j) decreased Pamela Schatz’s capital to $26,180.
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Analyze risk and its measurement. Why must managers be
conscious of risk and understand how to properly measure it? What
could potentially happen if risk assessment did not
occur?
200 word minimum
Managers must be conscious of risk and understand how to properly measure it because it is essential for effective decision-making and overall organizational success. Risk refers to the potential for loss or negative outcomes, and analyzing risk helps managers identify potential hazards and make informed decisions to mitigate them.
By understanding and measuring risk, managers can make strategic choices to minimize potential negative impacts and maximize opportunities. If managers are not conscious of risk and fail to properly measure it, several potential consequences can occur. First, they may make decisions without considering potential risks, which can lead to unforeseen problems and losses for the organization. This can include financial losses, reputational damage, or even legal issues. Without risk assessment, managers may overlook important factors that could impact the success of their decisions. Second, without proper risk measurement, managers may overestimate or underestimate the level of risk involved. The overestimating risk may result in missed opportunities or overly cautious decision-making, which can limit growth and innovation. On the other hand, underestimating risk can lead to poor planning and decision-making, increasing the likelihood of negative outcomes. Lastly, without risk assessment, managers may not be able to prioritize resources effectively. By understanding the level of risk associated with different activities or projects, managers can allocate resources accordingly and focus on areas that require more attention or resources. In summary, managers must be conscious of risk and understand how to properly measure it to make informed decisions and minimize potential negative impacts. Failure to conduct risk assessment can lead to unforeseen problems, missed opportunities, poor decision-making, and inefficient resource allocation.
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What is the contingency viewpoint of management?
Apply it to McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y and discuss possible contingency situations where Theory X is more appropriate and under what conditions Theory Y is more effective. Please provide specific examples to support your answer.
The contingency viewpoint of management suggests that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to management. Instead, it emphasizes that the most effective management approach depends on various factors, such as the internal and external environment, the employees' characteristics, and the organization's specific circumstances.
When applying the contingency viewpoint to McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y, we can see that they represent two different assumptions about employee behavior and motivation. Theory X assumes that employees are inherently lazy, dislike work, and must be closely supervised and controlled. Theory Y, on the other hand, believes that employees are self-motivated, enjoy work, and can be empowered to take responsibility. In certain contingency situations, Theory X may be more appropriate. These situations typically involve repetitive tasks, require minimal creativity or skill, or where close supervision and control are necessary. For example, Theory X assumptions may be more applicable in a manufacturing plant where workers perform routine assembly line tasks. The management may need to monitor employees' performance closely, set specific targets, and provide strict supervision to ensure productivity and quality. On the other hand, under certain conditions, Theory Y is more effective. These conditions require higher levels of creativity, problem-solving, and independent decision-making. In knowledge-based industries or professional settings, where employees have specialized skills and expertise, Theory Y assumptions may be more appropriate. For instance, in a software development company, programmers and engineers are often given the autonomy and freedom to work on projects, make decisions, and contribute ideas to foster innovation and productivity.
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The bookkeeper for Geronimo Company has prepared the following balance sheet as of July 31, 2020. (25¹) Cash Accounts receivable (net) Inventories Equipment (net) Patents GERONIMO COMPANY BALANCE SHEET $ 66,000 43,500 65,000 90,000 30,000 $294.500 July 31, 2020 Notes and accounts payable Long-term liabilities Stockholders' equity $ 48,000 70,000 176,500 $294,500 The following additional information is provided. 1. Cash includes $1,200 in a petty cash fund and $15,000 in a bond sinking fund. 2. The net accounts receivable balance is comprised of the following three items: (a) accounts receivable debit balances $52,000; (b) accounts receivable credit balances $8,000; (c) allowance for doubtful accounts $3,500. 3. Merchandise inventory costing $5,300 was shipped out on consignment on July 31, 2020. The ending inventory balance does not include the consigned goods. Receivables in the amount of $5,300 were recognized on these consigned goods. 4. Equipment had a cost of $112,000 and an accumulated depreciation balance of $28,000. 5. Taxes payable of $6,000 were accrued on July 31. Geronimo Company, however, had set up a cash fund to meet this obligation. This cash fund was not included in the cash balance, but was offset against the taxes payable amount. Instructions Prepare a corrected classified balance sheet as of July 31, 2020, from the available information adjusting the account balances using the additional information.
The corrected classified balance sheet is prepared as of July 31, 2020, from the given information adjusting the account balances. The company has a net income of $35,000.
Adjustments to the given data are as follows:
1. Cash: Petty cash of $1,200 and bond sinking fund of $15,000 should be deducted from cash.
2. Accounts receivable (net): Accounts receivable of debit balances of $52,000 should be added, accounts receivable of credit balances of $8,000 should be subtracted, and allowance for doubtful accounts of $3,500 should be subtracted to calculate the net balance.
3. Inventories: Merchandise inventory costing $5,300 was shipped out on consignment, so it should be deducted from the inventory, and receivables of $5,300 should be recognized.
4. Equipment (net): The equipment has a cost of $112,000 and an accumulated depreciation balance of $28,000; therefore, the net balance is $84,000.
5. Taxes payable: A cash fund of $6,000 was set up to pay the taxes; therefore, the cash balance was decreased by $6,000, and the tax payable amount was also decreased by $6,000.
6. Stockholders' equity:
Therefore, the retained earnings are increased by $35,000.
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Spheres of power describe the arenas in which power may be utilized. True False
The statement "Spheres of power describe the arenas in which power may be utilized" is True. Sphere of Power refers to a particular social environment that is created and maintained by a specific set of power relations that is vested in a particular institution, group, or individual.
Spheres of power refer to social environments and institutions that are designed to be specifically powerful. They are arenas in which power is wielded in order to influence or control behavior. There are various spheres of power, including political, economic, and social spheres that come under the realm of authority. Power can also be linked to gender, race, religion, and other social identities in a cultural context.
It is worth noting that spheres of power can be influenced by a range of actors and may shift over time. Power can be wielded by people in different ways. The nature of this influence depends on factors such as social context, access to resources, and other factors. Therefore, the notion of the spheres of power is important for understanding the operation of power in society.
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