during a process, if the state of the system does not change, the system energy will: multiple choice question. increase. stay the same. decrease.

The device that involves the use of plasma in technology is an arc welder. Plasma is used in a variety of technological applications. The correct option is A.

Arc welder involves the use of plasma in technology.

An arc welder is a welding tool that employs electricity to create an electrical discharge between an electrode and a base metal to generate heat. The heat generated by the arc is capable of melting and fusing metal parts.

The electrode is a metal wire that melts as the current passes through it, producing an arc that fuses the metal parts together.

Arc welding is widely used in the metalworking and construction industries due to its ability to create permanent and robust connections between metal parts.

The most common type of arc welding is stick welding, which employs a flux-covered electrode and an arc welder power source to generate an electrical arc that fuses metal parts together.

Other types of arc welding include TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding and MIG (Metal Inert Gas) welding, which employ different types of electrodes and gas shields to generate an electrical arc that fuses metal parts together.

Plasma cutting is another technique that employs plasma in technology. Plasma cutting involves the use of a plasma torch to cut metal parts. The torch generates a plasma jet that melts and cuts the metal parts, leaving a clean and smooth cut.

Plasma cutting is widely used in the metalworking and construction industries due to its ability to cut metal parts quickly and accurately. Therefore, the correct option is arc welder.

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The terminal velocity of an object depends primarily upon its size.  Air resistance is proportional to the cross-sectional area of the object, which increases as the square of the object's size.

Terminal velocity is the maximum velocity that an object can reach when it falls through a fluid, such as air or water. As an object falls, it experiences two main forces: gravity, which pulls it down, and air resistance, which acts in the opposite direction and slows it down. The amount of air resistance that an object experience depends on several factors, including its size, shape, and composition. However, for most objects, size is the primary determinant of air resistance. This is because air resistance is proportional to the cross-sectional area of the object, which increases as the square of the object's size.

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0.10 T. Given, Length of the wire (l) = 0.50m current (I) = 8.0 A Force (F) = 0.40 N We need to find the strength of the magnetic field.

Using the formula, F = B*l*I*sin(θ)Here, θ = 90° (at right angles)⇒ sin(θ) = sin(90°) = 1Therefore, F = B*l*I*1B = F/(l*I)Substituting the given values, we get B = 0.40 N/(0.50 m * 8.0 A)B = 0.10 T Therefore, the strength of the magnetic field is 0.10 T. An HTML format answer: Given, Length of the wire (l) = 0.50 m Current (I) = 8.0 A Force (F) = 0.40 N We need to find the strength of the magnetic field.

Using the formula, F = B*l*I*sin(θ)Here, θ = 90° (at right angles)⇒ sin(θ) = sin(90°) = 1Therefore, F = B*l*I*1B = F/(l*I)Substituting the given values, we get B = 0.40 N/(0.50 m * 8.0 A)B = 0.10 T Therefore, the strength of the magnetic field is 0.10 T.

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The image formed by refraction is at a distance of 120cm behind the lens and its magnification is 4.

The image formation by refraction and magnification of an object in water 30 cm from the vertex of a convex surface made of plexiglass with a radius of curvature of 80 cm can be calculated using the following steps:

1. Determine the object's distance from the lens. Object distance (u) = -30 cm. (negative sign as per the convention of the mirror)

2. Determine the focal length of the lens using the formula:

f = R/2 where, f = focal length of the lens, R = radius of curvature of the lens.

So, f = 80/2 = 40 cm.

3. Use the mirror formula to determine the image distance from the surface:

1/f = 1/v + 1/u where,v = image distance from the surface.

Substituting the given values (with proper sign convention), we get:

(-1/40) = 1/v + (-1/30)

Solving for v, we get:

v = 120 cm.

5. Use the magnification formula to determine the magnification of the image:

m = -(v/u)

where,m = magnification, v = 120 cm, u = 30 cm

Therefore,m = -(120/-30) = 4

Therefore, the image will form at a distance of 120 cm from the lens on the water side of the lens and is magnified by a factor of 4.

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The value of the ratio m1/m2 would be  4.5.

We can use Newton's Second Law of Motion to solve this problem, which states that force (F) is equal to mass (m) times acceleration (a):

F = ma

Let F be the force applied to both objects. Then we have:

F/m1 = 3.60 m/s^2

F/m2 = 1.60 m/s^2

Dividing the second equation by the first equation, we get:

(F/m2)/(F/m1) = (1.60 m/s^2)/(3.60 m/s^2)

Simplifying the left side, we get:

m1/m2 = (F/m1)/(F/m2) = (m2/m1)*(1.60 m/s^2)/(3.60 m/s^2)

m1/m2 = (m2/m1)*(2/9)

We can rearrange this equation to get:

m1/m2 = (9/2)*(m2/m1)

Therefore, the value of the ratio m1/m2 is 9/2, or approximately 4.5.

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Spectral features that allow the differentiation of the product from the starting material can be identified using various techniques such as infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

The chemical structure of a substance determines its spectral features, making it possible to differentiate it from other substances. Spectroscopic techniques like nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy can be used to identify different types of molecular bonds, enabling the differentiation of different types of chemicals.NMR spectroscopy enables the determination of the types of atoms in a substance by analyzing the radiation emitted by the nucleus of the atom. On the other hand, IR spectroscopy identifies the types of chemical bonds in a substance by analyzing the infrared radiation absorbed by the sample.

Spectral features that differentiate the product from the starting material can be identified using various techniques such as infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NMR spectroscopy can determine the types of atoms in a substance by analyzing the radiation emitted by the nucleus of the atom, while IR spectroscopy can identify the types of chemical bonds in a substance by analyzing the infrared radiation absorbed by the sample. The chemical structure of a substance determines its spectral features, enabling its differentiation from other substances.

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Answer:

Both particles are subjected to the same electrical force,

The acceleration of the electron will be much greater than that  of the proton:       F = m a and      Mproton / Melectron = 1840

The electron and proton will be accelerated in opposite directions.

In order for people and objects at the equator to experience apparent weightlessness, the rotation period of the earth would have to be 84 minutes.

The centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the earth would have to be equal to the force of gravity in order for this to occur. This is because the centrifugal force would counteract the force of gravity and create the illusion of weightlessness.

To calculate the required rotation period, we can use the following formula:

rotation period = 2π√(r/g)where r is the radius of the earth and g is the acceleration due to gravity.

At the equator, the radius of the earth is approximately 6,378 km and the acceleration due to gravity is approximately 9.81 m/s^2.

Rotation period = 2π√(6,378,000/9.81)

rotation period ≈ 5066 seconds

rotation period ≈ 84 minutes

Therefore, the rotation period of the earth would have to be approximately 84 minutes for people and objects at the equator to experience apparent weightlessness.

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Answer:

The fundamental frequency of a vibrating string is given by:

f = (1/2L) √(T/μ)

where L is the length of the string, T is the tension in the string, and μ is the linear density (mass per unit length) of the string.

In this problem, L = 238 cm, T = 1610 N, and μ = 0.014 g/cm = 0.00014 kg/cm. We can convert the units of length and mass to SI units (m and kg) to get the frequency in Hz:

L = 2.38 m

μ = 0.00014 kg/m

Substituting these values into the formula, we get:

f = (1/2L) √(T/μ)

f = (1/2 × 2.38 m) √(1610 N / 0.00014 kg/m)

f = 106.8 Hz

Therefore, the fundamental frequency of the string is 106.8 Hz.

Answer:

The fundamental frequency of the string is 225.29 Hz.

Explanation:

To calculate the fundamental frequency of the string, we use the formula below.

Formula:

F' = (1/2l)√(T/m)............... Equation 1

Where:

F' = Fundamental frequency of the string

l = length of the string

T = Tension on the string

m = mass per unit length of the string

From the question,

Given:

l = 238 cm = 2.38 m

T = 1610 N

m = 0.014 g/cm = 0.0014 kg/m

Substitute these values into equation 1

F' = 1/(2×2.38)[√(1610/0.0014)]

F' = (0.210){√(1150000)

F' = (0.210×1072.38)

F' = 225.29 Hz.

Hence, the fundamental frequency of the string is 225.29 Hz.

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Among the four options listed here, time has the least impact on the potential energy or kinetic energy of an object. Thus, option 3 is the correct answer.

Potential energy is the energy an object has due to its position or state, and is dependent on the height of the object from the ground and its mass. Kinetic energy is the energy an object has due to its motion, and is dependent on its mass and speed.

While time is a factor that can affect an object's potential and kinetic energy, it is not directly related to these forms of energy. Time can affect the amount of potential energy an object has by allowing it to move to a higher or lower position, but it does not directly affect the energy itself. Similarly, time can affect the kinetic energy of an object by allowing it to move for a longer or shorter period, but it does not directly affect the energy itself.

Therefore, time has the least impact on the potential energy or kinetic energy of an object compared to mass, speed, and height from the ground.

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The explanation for this planet is that Mars has a smaller volume than Earth, despite having a mass that is only about 11% of Earth's mass which is option B. This means that the matter that makes up Mars is more tightly packed than the matter that makes up Earth, resulting in a higher average density for Mars.

The reason for Mars having a smaller volume is related to its formation and evolution. Scientists believe that Mars formed from the same material as the rest of the solar system, including Earth, but it never grew large enough to become a fully-fledged planet like Earth. Instead, it remained a relatively small rocky body, and as it cooled and solidified, its interior contracted, causing the planet's volume to shrink. This contraction also caused the planet's crust to wrinkle and crack, resulting in the formation of the planet's distinctive surface features, such as valleys, canyons, and mountains.

In addition to its smaller size, Mars also has a lower average atomic weight than Earth, which means that its rocks and minerals contain fewer heavy elements, such as iron and nickel. This also contributes to Mars having a lower overall mass than Earth, despite having a higher average density.

Overall, the combination of Mars' smaller size and lower atomic weight results in a planet that is less massive than Earth but has a higher average density.

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Time taken for the boat to make a complete round trip of 1 100 m upstream followed by a 1 100-m trip downstream is 200 seconds.

The boat moves at 10.8 m/s relative to the water, and the current is 2.00 m/s. To make a complete round trip of 1 100 m upstream followed by a 1 100-m trip downstream, it would take:

When the boat is moving upstream, it is going against the direction of the current.

Upstream: 1 100 m/ (10.8 m/s - 2.00 m/s) = 102.78 s

When the boat is moving downstream, it is going in the same direction as the current,

Downstream: 1 100 m/ (10.8 m/s + 2.00 m/s) = 97.22 s

Total time taken in going upstream and downstream is the sum of the time calculated in both cases

102.78 s + 97.22 s = 200 s

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The radius of the flywheel and its rotational inertia will be 0.64m and 389kgm² respectively.

Rotational inertia, also known as moment of inertia, is a measure of an object's resistance to rotational motion. It is similar to the concept of mass in linear motion. Just as mass is a measure of an object's resistance to linear motion, the moment of inertia is a measure of an object's resistance to rotational motion.

The moment of inertia of an object depends on its shape and mass distribution. Objects with more mass distributed farther from the axis of rotation have a higher moment of inertia than objects with the same mass but a more compact distribution of mass. The moment of inertia is measured in units of kilograms square meters (kg m²) in the SI system.

The radius will be:

= 1000 / 15000(2πrad / 60)

= 0.64m

The inertia will be:

= 2(4.8 × 10^8) / 100 (2π/60)

= 389kgm²

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The potential of the sphere is approximately 5.00 mV at a distance of the sphere is around 1.132 × 10⁹ m from its center.

Given that a sphere has a surface uniformly charged with 1.00 C. The distance from the center of the sphere at which the potential is 5.00 mV has to be determined. It is important to note that mV denotes millivolts, which is one-thousandth of a volt.

The potential difference between the two points is given by the expression,

V = kQ/r

Where, k = Coulomb's constant, Q = charge on the sphere, and r = distance between the center of the sphere and the point where the potential is to be measured.

We can write the expression for the distance as, r = kQ/V

Multiplying both sides by 1000 (to convert mV to V),

r = 1000 kQ/V

r = (1/4πε₀)Q/V

Where ε₀ = 8.854 × 10⁻¹² F/m is the electric constant.

Therefore, the distance of the sphere from its center if the potential is 5.00 mV is given by,

r = (1/4πε₀)Q/V

= (1/4π×8.854×10⁻¹²)×1.00/(5.00×10⁻³)

= 1.132 × 10⁹ m. (Approx.)

Therefore, the distance of the sphere from its center at which the potential is 5.00 mV is approximately 1.132 × 10⁹ m.

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Mercury's average density is about 1.5 times greater than that of Earth's moon, even though the two bodies have similar radii. This suggests that Mercury's composition is denser than that of Earth's moon.

The density of a substance is defined as the ratio of its mass to its volume. Mercury's average density is about 5.427 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³), whereas the average density of Earth's moon is about 3.34 g/cm³. Despite the fact that Mercury and Earth's moon have similar radii, Mercury's density is approximately 1.5 times greater than that of Earth's moon, indicating that Mercury's composition is denser than that of Earth's moon.

Mercury, unlike the Moon, has a large iron core, which contributes to its high density. The high density of Mercury's core, which is thought to account for about 60% of the planet's mass, is caused by the fact that it is composed primarily of iron and nickel.

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The acceleration of the dancer who applies a horizontal force of -800 N on the dance floor will be 13.33 m/s².

The formula used to calculate acceleration is as follows:F = m × a

where,F is the force,m is the mass, and,a is the acceleration

Substituting the given values in the above formula, we get:

-800 N = 60 kg × a

We can solve this equation for a, which will give us the acceleration of the dancer.

a = (-800 N) / (60 kg) = -13.33 m/s²

Therefore, the acceleration of the dancer will be 13.33 m/s².

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A galvanometer can be converted to an ammeter by the addition of a c. small resistance in series.

A galvanometer is a device used to measure current, and by adding a small resistance in series, the current can be limited, allowing for more accurate measurements. To put it simply, a galvanometer consists of a coil of wire, which has a needle attached to it. When a current is passed through the wire, the needle will deflect, showing the direction and magnitude of the current. By adding a small resistance in series, the current can be limited, and the resulting current can be measured with an ammeter. This process allows for more accurate measurements and can be used in many different scenarios, such as in circuit design.

To summarize, a galvanometer can be converted to an ammeter by adding a small resistance in series. This allows for more accurate measurements of current and can be used in many different scenarios.

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The magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of the pebble is 4035.6 m/s²

The magnitude can be calculated using the equation:

a = v²/r

where a is the centripetal acceleration, v is the tangential speed, and r is the radius.

To explain this further, centripetal acceleration is the component of the acceleration that is perpendicular to the direction of motion, directed toward the center of the circular path. The equation a = v²/r states that the centripetal acceleration is equal to the tangential speed squared divided by the radius of the circular path.

For the given example, the radius is 3.81 m and the tangential speed is 124 m/s, so the centripetal acceleration of the pebble is equal to:

a = (124)² / 3.81 = 4035.6 m/s².

Therefore, the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of the pebble, 3.81 m from the center of the tornado, and having a tangential speed equal to that of the surrounding wind, 124 m/s is 4035.6 m/s².

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The time it takes for the Moon to revolve once around Earth and to rotate once on its axis is known as its period of rotation and revolution, respectively. The time it takes for the Moon to complete one revolution around Earth is approximately 27.3 days or 27 days, 7 hours, and 43 minutes. This period is known as the lunar month or synodic month. During this time, the Moon moves through its phases, from new moon to full moon and back to new moon again.

On the other hand, the time it takes for the Moon to rotate once on its axis is approximately 27.3 days. This means that the Moon takes the same amount of time to rotate on its axis as it does to revolve around Earth. As a result, the same side of the Moon always faces Earth, which is why we only see one side of the Moon from Earth.
It's worth noting that the Moon's period of rotation and revolution are almost the same, which is a rare occurrence in the solar system. This is due to the gravitational influence of Earth, which has caused the Moon to become tidally locked with Earth. This means that the Moon's rotation and revolution are in sync with Earth, resulting in the same side of the Moon always facing Earth.

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The gravitational potential energy of the 0.600 kg ball balanced on a shelf 2.10 m above the ground is 12.24 J.

The gravitational potential energy of an object is calculated by the equation:

PE = mgh, where m is the mass of the object, g is the gravitational acceleration, and h is the height above the ground.

1. Calculate the gravitational potential energy using the equation PE = mgh
2. Substitute in the known values: 0.600 kg for m, 9.81 m/s2 for g, and 2.10 m for h
3. Calculate the gravitational potential energy: 12.24 J (12.24 J = 0.600 kg x 9.81 m/s2 x 2.10 m)

Therefore, the gravitational potential energy of the ball is 12.24 J (12.24 J = 0.600 kg x 9.81 m/s2 x 2.10 m).

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The number of electrons passing through the device in two hours if the current supplied by a battery is typically about 0.127 a is 5.73 × [tex]10^{21}[/tex].

Given current supplied by a battery in a portable device is typically about 0.127 A. We need to find the number of electrons passing through the device in two hours.

So the formula to find the number of electrons passing through a conductor is,

Q = I × t × n

Where Q is the total charge, I is the current, t is the time, and n is the number of electrons per charge. To calculate the number of electrons passing through a conductor, we need to determine the total charge generated by the battery.

Here,

Current (I) = 0.127 A.

Time (t) = 2 hours = 2 × 60 × 60 s = 7200 s

Now, let's find the total charge generated by the battery

Q = I × t × n

Charge on an electron = 1.6 × [tex]10^{-19}[/tex] C (As per the given question)

n = Total Charge / Charge on an electron

n = Q / (1.6 × [tex]10^{-19}[/tex])

Substituting the values

Q = 0.127 × 7200 × nQ

= 917.28n = 917.28 / (1.6 × [tex]10^{-19}[/tex])

n = 5.73 × [tex]10^{21}[/tex]

Thus, the number of electrons passing through the device in two hours is 5.73 × [tex]10^{21}[/tex].

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The frequency of the electromagnetic wave is calculated using the formula f = c/λ, where c is the speed of light in a vacuum (3 × 10⁸ m/s) is 5 × 10⁵ Hz.

Plugging in the wavelength of 600 m, we get the frequency of the wave as 5 × 10¹⁴ Hz.

The type of electromagnetic wave is determined by its frequency. Based on the frequency calculated above, this is a radio wave.
Frequency of the electromagnetic wave is determined as f = c/λ, where c is the speed of light, λ is the wavelength of the wave. Substitute c = 3 × 10⁸ m/s and λ = 600 m into the formula.

f = c/λ = (3 × 10⁸ m/s)/(600 m) = 5 × 10⁵ Hz

The wavelength of the electromagnetic wave is 600 meters, which falls under the radio waves category.

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The force that is acted upon a block of mass 5.0 kg producing an acceleration of 2.0 m/s2 is 10 N.

What is Newton's Second Law of Motion?

The Second Law of Motion, often referred to as the law of force and acceleration, states that the force applied to an object is directly proportional to its mass and acceleration.

Newton's Second Law of Motion states that the force exerted on an object is directly proportional to its mass and acceleration.

The law states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object and inversely proportional to its mass.

In mathematical terms:

F = m*a

Where: F is the force acting on the object, m is the mass of the object, a is the acceleration produced by the force.

Following this formula, the force that is acted upon a block of mass 5.0 kg producing an acceleration of 2.0 m/s2 is given as:

F = m * a

F = 5.0 kg * 2.0 m/s2F = 10 N

Therefore, the force that is acted upon a block of mass 5.0 kg producing an acceleration of 2.0 m/s2 is 10 N.

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a) No work is being done to hold the beam in place.

b) The work done to lift the beam is 50,000 lb-ft.

c)  The total work required to lift the beam from the ground to a height of 200 ft would be 100,000 lb-ft.

(a) The work done on an object is equal to the force applied to the object multiplied by the distance the object moves in the direction of the force. In this case, the crane is holding the beam in place, so the beam is not moving in the direction of the force applied by the crane. Therefore, no work is being done to hold the beam in place.

B) In this case, the crane is holding the beam in place, so the beam is not moving in the direction of the force applied by the crane. Therefore, no work is being done to hold the beam in place. This can be calculated by multiplying the weight of the beam (500 lb) by the distance it is lifted (100 ft): 500 lb x 100 ft = 50,000 lb-ft.

c) The work required to raise the beam from 100 ft to 200 ft would be an additional 50,000 lb-ft. This is because the work required to lift an object is proportional to its weight and the distance it is lifted. Since the weight of the beam and the lifting distance each double, the work required to lift the beam from 100 ft to 200 ft is twice the work required to lift it from 0 ft to 100 ft, or 50,000 lb-ft. Therefore, the total amount of work required to raise the beam from the ground to a height of 200 feet is 100,000 lb-ft.

Work is defined as the energy transferred to or from an object when a force is applied over a distance. In this scenario, the crane is applying a force to the steel beam to lift it up to a certain height. The work done to lift the beam is equal to the force applied by the crane multiplied by the distance the beam is lifted.

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Depending on the spacing of the grating, there can be up to four bright spots seen on the screen behind the grating.


A grating is composed of multiple lines that are etched onto a surface, and when a light passes through these lines, it is split into its component wavelengths. Since the laser is 480 nm, the diffracted light will be composed of 480 nm light.

When light is shone through a grating, it diffracts and produces a pattern of bright spots and dark fringes on a screen placed behind the grating.

Depending on the spacing of the grating, there can be up to four bright spots seen on the screen behind the grating.

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Based on Joshua's observation that he sees two different colored stars in the night sky, he can infer that the two stars have different temperatures.

When Joshua sees two different colored stars in the night sky, he can infer that the two stars have different temperatures. This is because the colors of stars depend on their temperatures. When a star is blue, it means that it's hotter than a star that is yellow or red.

As a result, Joshua can infer that the two stars have different temperatures due to their colors.A star's temperature is determined by its color. The color of a star is determined by its surface temperature.

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If the cord jacket of a power tool has a split but the insulated conductor inside appears to be undamaged, you should immediately stop using the tool and unplug it from the power source.

What is Power?

Power is a physical quantity that measures the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. It is defined as the amount of work done or energy transferred per unit time. The unit of power is the watt (W), which is equivalent to one joule (J) of work per second (s).

It is important to not use the power tool until the split in the cord jacket is repaired or replaced. This is because the split in the cord jacket could expose the internal wiring to external factors such as moisture, dust, and debris, which could lead to a potential electrical hazard, such as an electric shock or a short circuit.

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Answer:

The is answer C

Explanation:

The electrons are always on the outside and the positive are in the inside the nucleus

and the neutron are in the inside.

Answer:

the correct option is C

Explanation:

in the orbitals that surrounds the nucleus .

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The escape velocity of Earth would increase significantly (25 times) if it became 25 times more massive but kept its size. This is because escape velocity is determined by the ratio of mass to radius - increasing the mass of the Earth would cause a proportionate increase in escape velocity.

To calculate the escape velocity of a planet, the equation v = sqrt[2GM/r] can be used, where G is the gravitational constant (6.67x10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2), M is the mass of the planet (25 times greater in this example) and r is the radius of the planet (unchanged in this example).

Escape velocity is calculated based on the mass and radius of an object. As the mass of an object increases, the escape velocity increases. This means that if the Earth's mass increases by 25 times, its escape velocity will increase as well.

To calculate the escape velocity, we use the formula: Escape Velocity = sqrt(2GM/r), where G is the gravitational constant (6.67408 x 10^-11 m^3 kg^-1 s^-2), M is the mass of the object, and r is the radius of the object. In this case, if the Earth's mass increases by 25 times, the escape velocity will increase by 25 times as well. This means that the new escape velocity of the Earth would be 25 times the original value.

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A spring has a natural length of 1 meter. if 10 j of work is required to stretch the spring from a length of 1 meter to a length of 1.1 meters, then  1 J is the work is required to stretch the spring an additional 0.1 meters.

Work is a unit of measurement for the energy that is transmitted when an object is subjected to a force and is propelled in that direction. It is the result of the product of the force's strength and the distance the object travelled in its direction. In the SI system, the unit of measurement for work is the joule (J). When the force and the displacement are moving in the same direction, the work is positive; when they are moving in opposing directions, the work is negative. No work is done if there is no displacement, regardless of the force's strength.

Work = [tex](1/2)kx^2[/tex]

k = (F/x)

W2 =[tex](1/2)kx^2[/tex]

10 =[tex](1/2)k(0.1)^2[/tex]

k = 200

F = kx

F = 200(0.1)

F = 20 N

Work =[tex](1/2)kx^2[/tex]

Work =[tex](1/2)(200)(0.1)^2[/tex]

Work = 1 J

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