Defects in cell signaling are the result of a mutation or abnormality in one or more genes that regulate cell division and growth which leads to a cancerous cell.
What is a cancerous cell?A cancerous cell is a cell that grows and divides uncontrollably due to defects in cell signaling. A mutation or abnormality in one or more genes that regulate cell division and growth can lead to the development of cancerous cells. As a result of these abnormalities, cells begin to divide and grow uncontrollably, leading to the development of tumors and cancer.
In normal cells, cell signaling pathways control the cell cycle and ensure that cells divide and grow in a regulated manner. These pathways include numerous signaling molecules and proteins that communicate with each other to control cell growth, division, differentiation, and survival.
In cancerous cells, defects in these signaling pathways cause uncontrolled cell division and growth, leading to the development of tumors and cancer.
The types of defects in cell signaling that can lead to cancerous cells include mutations in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, alterations in the expression of signaling molecules, and changes in the activity of signaling proteins. These defects can be caused by genetic factors, environmental factors, or a combination of both.
To know more about Cell signaling:
https://brainly.com/question/14145288
#SPJ11
do the diploid cells divide once or twice throughout the entire process of meiosis? why is that number of divisions important to the end product of meiosis?
Diploid cells divide twice during meiosis, with the two divisions called meiosis I and meiosis II. The importance of these two divisions is that they lead to the formation of four haploid daughter cells.
During meiosis I, homologous pairs of chromosomes are divided and separated, with each chromosome now being carried in a different daughter cell. This step is important because it leads to the random distribution of genetic material during meiosis II. During meiosis II, the chromosomes of each daughter cell are further divided, leading to four haploid cells that are genetically different from the original cell. This variation in the daughter cells is important for creating new combinations of genetic material that may lead to better-adapted organisms.
Learn more about Diploid cells: https://brainly.com/question/1351575
#SPJ11
what happens immediately after you change the shape of the ear by inserting molds into the ear canals, i.e., change the shape of the pinnae?
After you change the shape of the ear by inserting molds into the ear canals (known as ear molding), the shape of the pinnae (the visible part of the ear) is changed. This process is also known as ear reshaping and is often used to correct congenital ear deformities.
The ear is divided into three sections: the external ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. The ear canal, earlobe, and earflap are all part of the outer ear. The pinna, the cartilage-covered part of the outer ear that we can see, is also part of the outer ear. The pinna is the part of the outer ear that is reshaped when an ear mold is inserted. ]
The pinna serves as a funnel, directing sound waves into the ear canal, where they strike the eardrum (tympanic membrane), causing it to vibrate. Sound waves, converted into electrical signals, are then sent to the brain via the auditory nerve from the inner ear. When the ear mold is removed, the pinna returns to its natural shape, and the ear canal returns to its normal shape.
Learn more about human ear here:
brainly.com/question/12771327
#SPJ11
when individuals do not show a trait even though they have the appropriate genotype, this is called:
When individuals do not show a trait even though they have the appropriate genotype, this is called a phenotype.
A phenotype refers to the observable physical and physiological characteristics of an organism that are determined by the genotype of an organism and the environmental factors in which an organism develops. In contrast, genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, which is determined by its DNA.
An individual's genotype determines its phenotype, and the expression of specific genes in the genotype determines which traits are visible. However, some traits may not be expressed even though the individual possesses the appropriate genotype, which is known as incomplete dominance.
Therefore, when individuals do not show a trait even though they have the appropriate genotype, it is called a phenotype.
To know more about phenotype here:
https://brainly.com/question/30421521#
#SPJ11
What is the symbiotic relationship between the clown fish and the anemone
The clownfish and the anemone have a mutualistic symbiotic relationship where the clownfish protects the anemone and provides it with nutrients, while the anemone provides protection to the clownfish and a safe place for it to lay its eggs.
Which criteria distinguishes Galápagos island finches from mainland South American finches as different species?
They live in different locations
They eat different foods.
They can't reproduce with each other.
They have different beak shapes.
Need answers ASAP!!
Answer: they can't reproduce with each other.
Explanation: i took the test and put the answer the person above me gave and i got it wrong.
explain how the shape and size of a protected area may influence its success in protecting the organisms and ecosystems within it
The shape and size of a protected area can influence its success in protecting the organisms and ecosystems within it by allowing more or fewer resources, such as food and shelter, to be available to species.
The shape and size of a protected area may influence its success in protecting the organisms and ecosystems within it in various ways. Some of these ways are:
Boundary and Edge Effects: The shape of a protected area may have a significant impact on how edge and boundary effects are experienced. Depending on its shape, a protected area may have more or less boundary, and this boundary may come into touch with different environmental conditions, which may influence the inhabitants.Connectivity and Fragmentation: A protected area's shape and size may also influence the connectivity and fragmentation of its inhabitants. This is because certain shapes may limit the dispersal of certain species between habitats, while others may facilitate it. A square protected area with a patchwork of different habitats may benefit species that require connected habitats, whereas a narrow linear one may not. Similarly, a protected area that is too small or fragmented may not be able to maintain viable populations of some species. Resilience and Resistance: Finally, the size of a protected area may influence its resilience and resistance to disturbance events. Larger protected areas may be more resistant to human and environmental disturbances because they contain larger populations of a greater variety of species. Similarly, they may be more resilient to extreme events like fires or storms because they may contain habitats that are less affected by the event. Conversely, smaller protected areas may not be able to maintain viable populations of some species and may be more vulnerable to disturbances.Learn more about protected area at https://brainly.com/question/27978351
#SPJ11
aerobic cellular respiration generates about atp from one glucose. group of answer choices the number generated depends on whether the end product of aerobic respiration is lactic acid or ethyl alcohol. 2 38 6
Aerobic cellular respiration generates ATP from one glucose is b. 38 ATP.
Aerobic respiration reactions occur when glucose meets oxygen, then produces carbon monoxide, water, and energy. Aerobic respiration produces more ATP, which is equal to 38 ATP compared to anaerobic respiration which only produces 2 ATP.
Aerobic respiration produces 38 ATP because the end product of aerobic respiration is lactic acid or ethyl alcohol, and the amount of ATP produced depends on which products are formed. Energy in the form of ATP is later used for various body activities such as growth, movement, transportation, reproduction, and various other activities.
Learn more about aerobic respiration at:
https://brainly.com/question/18024346
#SPJ11
during your explorations, what molecules did you find that make up the structural components of a cell?
Molecules play a major role in the structural components of a cell. The primary molecules found in cells are proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Proteins are the most abundant and are responsible for the shape and structure of the cell, as well as its ability to interact with its environment.
Lipids are a type of fat that form the cell membrane and help control what enters and exits the cell. Carbohydrates provide energy and aid in cell communication, while nucleic acids are the molecules of heredity that carry genetic information. All of these molecules work together to form the structural components of a cell.
To know more about molecules refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/19922822#
#SPJ11
Next O Unit 7 Quiz
Cara's cat has ringworm and is given treatment by the veterinarian. What other advice will the vet MOST likely give Cara to prevent another
infection?
A Put out rodenticide to kill any mice or rats that may be around.
B Do not let the cat drink water from pails or birdbaths in the yard.
C Keep the cat inside so that it is not exposed to fleas or ticks.
D Make sure to clean all the bedding and surfaces that the cat has been on.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Ringworm is spread through contact with infected items or direct contact with another person or animal who has ringworm.
The best answer is D--make sure to clean all the bedding and surfaces that the cat has been on.
which of the following are prevented from entering the interstitial fluid of the brain, due to the blood-brain barrier?Waste products in the blood
Some hormones
Nicotine
Alcohol
The following substances are prevented from entering the interstitial fluid of the brain, due to the blood-brain barrier: Nicotine and Alcohol.
The blood-brain barrier is a semipermeable barrier that separates the blood from the brain's interstitial fluid, thus preventing potentially harmful substances from entering the brain. It is made up of endothelial cells, which line the capillaries in the brain's blood vessels, as well as astrocytes, which provide structural support and regulation. The blood-brain barrier allows certain substances to pass through, such as glucose and amino acids, while restricting others. The following substances are prevented from entering the interstitial fluid of the brain due to the blood-brain barrier: Nicotine and Alcohol.To learn more about the interstitial fluid of the brain please visit:
https://brainly.com/question/14703398
#SPJ11
which position would be documented when fetal heart sounds are heard in the right lower quadrant and the head is in the anterior position
The position that would be documented when fetal heart sounds are heard in the right lower quadrant and the head is in the anterior position is the right occiput anterior position.
What is the right occiput anterior position?The right occiput anterior position (ROA) is one of the fetal positions that is defined as a position in which the baby is lying with its back and spine pointing forward, and its head is in the front of the mother's pelvis. ROA position is one of the most common fetal positions during delivery.
A fetal heart monitor detects fetal heartbeats by using Doppler technology. It is possible to distinguish the baby's position during a vaginal examination by analyzing where the fetal heart sounds the loudest. Fetal heartbeats are usually audible at 10-12 weeks of gestation. In pregnancy, the fetal position is important because it determines how the baby will present itself during birth, which can affect the delivery process.
Here you can learn more about fetal hear
https://brainly.com/question/30777474#
#SPJ11
the
ANALYZE Think about what you already know and what information you still need to
answer the Driving Question. Which of the questions you brainstormed might lead you
to this information?
To answer a driving question, it would be helpful to gather information on the topic. Understanding the relationship between the topic and subtopic would also be important.
Questions that contain the 5 Ws and H being brainstormed can lead to the information.
What is a driving question?A driving question is a broad and open-ended question that guides the inquiry process in a research project or investigation. It is designed to inspire and motivate students to explore a topic or issue deeply, and it is often related to real-world problems or issues.
The driving question should be thought-provoking, open-ended, and relevant to students' lives, and it should encourage critical thinking, creativity, and collaboration. It helps students focus their research and investigation, and it provides a framework for organizing and synthesizing their findings into a coherent argument or solution.
Learn more on brainstorming here: https://brainly.com/question/13494304
#SPJ1
The complete question:
Brainstorming can help you choose a topic, develop an approach to a topic, or deepen your understanding of the topic's potential.
ANALYZE
Think about what you already know and what information you still need to answer the Driving Question. Which of the questions you brainstormed might lead you to this information?
The Abert's squirrel is native to the southern Rocky Mountains and down into Mexico. The Kaibab squirrel is a subspecies that
evolved from a common ancestor of Abert's squirrel and lives on the north rim of the Grand Canyon.
Which option most likely describes the mechanism that led to the evolution of the Kaibab squirrel?
O Radiation introduced genetic mutations quickly into the Kaibab squirrel.
O Migrants exchanged genetic info between the Kaibab and Abert's squirrels.
O Geographic isolation cut off gene flow with the Abert's squirrel.
O The Kaibab squirrel interbred with other rodents in the Grand Canyon.
The most likely mechanism that led to the evolution of the Kaibab squirrel is Geographic isolation cut off gene flow with the Abert's squirrel.
option C.
How does the squirrel evolve?The Kaibab squirrel is a subspecies that evolved from a common ancestor of Abert's squirrel and lives on the north rim of the Grand Canyon, which is geographically isolated from the southern Rocky Mountains where the Abert's squirrel lives.
This geographic isolation prevented gene flow between the two populations, which can lead to genetic divergence and ultimately speciation. Over time, genetic differences can accumulate in the isolated population, leading to the evolution of distinct subspecies or species.
Learn more about evolution here: https://brainly.com/question/4207376
#SPJ1
which biome receives too little water to support the growth of trees? responses deciduous forest deciduous forest grassland grassland rain forest rain forest taiga
The biome that receives too little water to support the growth of trees is the grassland biome. Grasslands receive very little rainfall, so trees are unable to grow in these regions. This is why grasslands are also known as savannas.
The grassland biome receives too little water to support the growth of trees. A biome is a large area of the Earth's surface with comparable weather, fauna, and flora. The tundra, grassland, savanna, deciduous forest, boreal forest, and aquatic are examples of major terrestrial biomes. The grassland biome receives too little water to support the growth of trees. Because the grassland biome is dominated by grasses and other herbs, they don't grow tall enough to be classified as trees. As a result, grasslands have a lot of grasses and shrubs but few trees.
The savanna is an example of a grassland biome. The grassland biome receives between 25 and 75 cm of precipitation per year. Because they receive little precipitation, they are susceptible to drought. As a result, fires are common in this region as well.
To know more about Biome please visit :
https://brainly.com/question/1930321
#SPJ11
Answer:
Grasslands
Explanation: Grasslands have too little water to support trees as it does not rain very often in more temperate
what about the human genome do you feel that crispr technology should change and/or not change about plants, animals, and humans?
CRISPR technology should be used with caution when it comes to changing the human genome. This is due to ethical reasons.
The process of genetic modification may create a group of genetically superior individuals, which may lead to discrimination and prejudice against those who have not undergone the procedure.
However, CRISPR technology should be used for therapeutic purposes to cure diseases caused by genetic mutations. For instance, CRISPR technology can help eradicate sickle cell anaemia, which is caused by mutations in the HBB gene.
Additionally, CRISPR technology should be used to improve the quality of life for individuals with genetic disorders, such as Huntington's disease.
CRISPR technology has a lot of potential in plants and animals as well. Scientists can use CRISPR technology to modify plant genomes to increase crop yield, make plants resistant to environmental stress, and eliminate pests and diseases.
Similarly, scientists can use CRISPR technology to enhance animal welfare and eliminate inherited diseases.
To know more about CRISPR, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/30991263#
#SPJ11
older generations are more likely to view implanted microchips as a matter of convenience. true false
The given statements "Older generations are more likely to view implanted microchips as a matter of convenience" is False. While older generations may be more likely to view implanted microchips as a matter of convenience, this is not necessarily true. Implanting a microchip requires a medical procedure, which can be intrusive and expensive. This makes it a less desirable option for older people.
Additionally, older generations may not be as aware of the potential risks of microchip implants. Although some microchips offer convenience, such as the ability to quickly access medical records, these advantages come with the risk of cyber-attacks, malware, and other security risks.
Furthermore, while some microchip implants offer various features and benefits, they also come with concerns over privacy and the potential for misuse. Finally, many older generations are less likely to be familiar with the technology and its implications, making it a less desirable option.
Know more about cyber-attacks here:
https://brainly.com/question/29997377
#SPJ11
similar characteristics that have arisen independently in unrelated species that occupy similar environments are called
Similar characteristics that have arisen independently in unrelated species that occupy similar environments are called convergent evolution.
In evolutionаry biology, convergent evolution is the process whereby orgаnisms not closely relаted (not monophyletic), independently evolve similаr trаits аs а result of hаving to аdаpt to similаr environments or ecologicаl niches.
Structures thаt аre similаr between two orgаnisms, such аs wings of insects аnd birds, cаn be either homologous or аnаlаgous. Homologous structures evolve through divergent evolution, while аnаlogous structures result from convergent evolution.
Convergent evolution occurs when two unrelаted species fаce similаr evolutionаry pressures, cаusing them to develop similаr аdаptаtions. In other words, unrelаted species converge on similаr structures, like wings, becаuse they need similаr аdаptаtions, not becаuse they аre relаted.
For more information about convergent evolution refers to the link: https://brainly.com/question/30637872
#SPJ11
what technology allows researchers to edit, remove, or turn off specific genes in the genome of an organism?
CRISPR-Cas9 is a technology that allows researchers to edit, remove, or turn off specific genes in the genome of an organism. This revolutionary tool has transformed genetic research and has vast potential applications in various fields such as medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology.
CRISPR, which stands for "Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats," refers to a natural defense system found in bacteria that helps them fight off invading viruses. Cas9, on the other hand, is a protein that acts as a "molecular scissor" to cut DNA at specific locations. Together, CRISPR and Cas9 form powerful gene-editing tools.
In CRISPR-Cas9 technology, researchers design a small piece of RNA, called guide RNA (gRNA), that is complementary to the target DNA sequence they want to edit. The gRNA binds to the Cas9 protein and directs it to the specific location in the genome where the desired genetic modification is to be made.
Once the Cas9-gRNA complex reaches the target site, Cas9 makes a precise cut in the DNA, which disrupts the targeted gene. The cell's natural DNA repair mechanisms then attempt to fix the break, often introducing errors in the process. This can result in the gene being turned off, or "knocked out," which is useful for studying gene function and potential treatments for genetic diseases.
Overall, CRISPR-Cas9 has made gene editing more accessible, precise, and efficient, opening up new possibilities for understanding genetics and developing novel therapies.
Know more about CRISPR-Cas9 here:
https://brainly.com/question/28908129
#SPJ11
a cell whose haploid number is 12 will have how many chromosomes present at prometaphase of mitosis?
At prometaphase of mitosis, a cell whose haploid number is 12 will have 12 chromosomes. This is because the haploid number is the total number of chromosomes present in a gamete (sex cell). At the beginning of mitosis, the number of chromosomes is equal to the haploid number, so a cell with a haploid number of 12 will have 12 chromosomes at prometaphase.
In mitosis, two sets of replicated chromosomes (i.e. two copies of each chromosome) are present. Thus, at prometaphase, there will be a total of 24 chromosomes in the cell - 12 replicated chromosomes, each containing the same genetic information.
This number of chromosomes can be further divided into two sets of homologous pairs, each containing one set of replicated chromosomes.
Know more about mitosis here:
https://brainly.com/question/29776367
#SPJ11
there are variations in the digestive systems of vertebrates. how do birds break up food to be digested?
In order to break up food to be digested, birds utilize their crop and gizzard. The crop stores food temporarily, and digestive enzymes are added to it to aid in digestion.
The food then moves to the gizzard, which is a muscular organ that breaks down food mechanically.Birds do not have teeth to break down food like mammals do. The food is broken down in their gizzard, which contains small, hard objects such as grit or small stones. As the bird’s gizzard squeezes and grinds, the hard particles help break up the food into smaller pieces, making it easier to digest.
The digestive system of birds is well adapted to their diet, which consists mostly of seeds, grains, and insects. They are able to extract nutrients efficiently and quickly from their food, allowing them to maintain their high metabolism and energy needs.
For more such questions on digestion
https://brainly.com/question/882651
#SPJ11
4 sentence science food chain assignment (producer consumer decomposer)
what is the capsized boat recovery method that most closely reproduces the desired angle of pull when the mast is stuck in mud?
The Capsized Boat Recovery Method that most closely reproduces the desired angle of pull when the mast is stuck in mud is the "Slack Pull". This method involves pulling the boat in an outward arc using a slack line, or a line that is only under tension for a short time.
To begin, the line is attached to the bow of the boat, and then run around the mast and back to the stern. It is then pulled outwards in an arc to provide the necessary slack pull. The line is then run from the stern around the mast, creating tension on the line, and pulled outwards in an arc. The tension on the line should be kept to a minimum, as it could potentially cause the mast to break.
Once the boat has been pulled in the desired direction, the line is secured to the mast and the boat is towed to safety. This method of capsized boat recovery is most effective when the boat is stuck in mud, as it allows for the desired angle of pull to be applied without too much force, reducing the risk of damage to the mast.
To know more about angle of pull refer to-
https://brainly.com/question/17125866#
#SPJ11
what effect would the continuous influx of na have on the membrane potential of paul's muscle fibers?
The continuous influx of Na+ into Paul's muscle fibers will have a significant effect on the membrane potential. The influx of Na+ will increase the membrane potential, and the cell will become more positively charged, resulting in depolarization.
This depolarization is necessary for muscle contraction, as it causes the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The release of calcium ions then triggers muscle contraction.
In summary, the continuous influx of Na+ into Paul's muscle fibers will cause the membrane potential to increase, resulting in depolarization and the eventual release of calcium ions, leading to muscle contraction.
To know more about membrane refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/26872631#
#SPJ11
in the griffiths-avery-mccarty experiments, how was it determined that it was dna that transformed rough bacteria into smooth?
Answer: In the Griffiths-Avery-McCarty experiments, it was determined that it was DNA that transformed rough bacteria into smooth by the experiments of Oswald Avery and his colleagues.
Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty's experiments were based on Griffith's finding that R strain bacteria could be transformed into S strain bacteria by dead heat-killed S strain bacteria. It was important to establish the mechanism of transformation, as well as the substance that carried the genetic material responsible for the transformation.
To achieve this goal, Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty executed a series of experiments that were designed to identify the material responsible for the transformation. They first divided the S strain into its main biochemical components, including RNA, DNA, proteins, and lipids, and then treated the R strain with each of these components. The transformation only occurred when the R strain was treated with DNA.
The R strain, on the other hand, did not transform when treated with RNA, protein, or lipid. The researchers came to the conclusion that DNA is the hereditary substance that transmits genetic information from one generation of organisms to the next. This discovery altered the study of genetics and advanced research on DNA's function and structure.
Learn more about DNA here:
https://brainly.com/question/264225#
#SPJ11
Florida butterfly gardens often contain the plant milkweed in efforts to attract monarch caterpillars. The monarch caterpillars eat the milkweed prior to their transformation to a butterfly. Which reactant of cellular respiration does a monarch caterpillar obtain from eating a milkweed plant? D water Coxygen glucose B ATP A
Answer:
glucose
Explanation:
because the plants produce glucose as a result of photosynthesis, and if this creature consumes the plant via different trophic levels it's going receive an amount of glucose for the comsumption
explain why cord-mediated reflexes are generally much faster than those involving input from the higher brain centers.
Cord-mediated reflexes are generally much faster than those involving input from the higher brain centers because cord-mediated reflexes involve only spinal cord neurons, while brain centers (such as the cerebral cortex and brainstem) are involved in reflexes that require sensory input from other areas of the body.
Cord-mediated reflexes involve a direct connection between sensory neurons and motor neurons in the spinal cord. When a sensory neuron is stimulated, it sends an electrical impulse to the spinal cord, which then activates a motor neuron, causing a muscle to contract. This process takes only a few milliseconds, and the reflex response is almost instantaneous.
Brain centers, on the other hand, are involved in reflexes that require sensory input from other areas of the body. For example, when you touch a hot stove, your sensory neurons send a signal to the spinal cord, which then sends a signal to the brainstem. The brainstem then sends a signal to the cerebral cortex, where the signal is processed and a decision is made about how to respond. This process takes much longer than a cord-mediated reflex and can take up to half a second or more.
Therefore, cord-mediated reflexes are generally much faster than those involving input from the higher brain centers.
To know more about cord-mediated reflexes, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/29604066#
#SPJ11
describe where cartilage is found on the surface of a long bone. what function dose cartilage serve in this location?
Cartilage is found on the surface of long bones and it serves to cushion the joint, reduce friction, and provide tensile strength. It also contains proteoglycans which keep it hydrated and flexible.
Cartilage is composed of cells, fibers, and ground substance. The cells in cartilage produce the fibers and ground substance, which act as a cushion between the bones. The fibers also provide tensile strength, which helps maintain joint integrity. The ground substance is a gel-like material which helps cushion the joint and provides flexibility to the cartilage.
Cartilage also contains proteoglycans, which are molecules that help keep the cartilage hydrated. This helps to keep the cartilage flexible and helps prevent it from becoming too stiff and brittle. The proteoglycans also help keep the cartilage from drying out and wearing away.
In conclusion, Cartilage is found on the surface of long bones at the ends of the bone, where it forms a joint. Cartilage serves to cushion the joint and absorb shock. It also acts as a cushion between the bones and prevents them from grinding against each other. Cartilage also helps to reduce friction at the joint, allowing for smoother, more efficient movement.
For more such questions on Cartilage.
https://brainly.com/question/15455830#
#SPJ11
during what century do you think anthropogenic sulphate aerosols scattered and reflected the most incoming solar radiation?
During the 20th century, anthropogenic sulphate aerosols scattered and reflected the most incoming solar radiation.
Sulphate aerosols are tiny particles of sulfuric acid or sulfate compounds that form in the atmosphere due to human activities. The release of these compounds into the atmosphere is referred to as anthropogenic sulphate aerosols.
Anthropogenic sulphate aerosols are a significant source of air pollution that impacts human health and the environment. During the 20th century, the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas for industrial and transportation purposes resulted in significant anthropogenic sulphate aerosol emissions.
These aerosols were released into the atmosphere, where they scattered and reflected incoming solar radiation back to space. As a result, anthropogenic sulphate aerosols had a cooling effect on the planet's surface, counteracting some of the warming caused by greenhouse gases. However, the cooling effect was only temporary, and it did not offset the long-term warming caused by greenhouse gases.
Hence, it was during the 20th century, anthropogenic sulphate aerosols scattered and reflected the most incoming solar radiation.
To know more about Solar Radiation, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/23338147#
#SPJ11
besides turning enzymes on or off, what other mechanisms do cells use to control enzymatic activity?
Cells control enzymatic activity through a variety of mechanisms, including regulation of enzyme concentration, regulation of the substrate concentration, and modulation of the enzyme activity by binding to a small molecule, or by binding to other macromolecules.
Regulation of enzyme concentration - the enzyme concentration can be regulated by synthesizing and degrading enzymes in response to certain cellular conditions. When the cellular concentration of an enzyme is too low, the enzyme can be synthesized using a gene coding for that enzyme. Conversely, when the enzyme concentration is too high, the enzyme can be degraded by proteolytic enzymes or broken down into its component parts.
Regulation of substrate concentration - the enzyme concentration can also be regulated by controlling the amount of substrate available for the enzyme to act on. By controlling the amount of substrate present, the cells can regulate the amount of product formed and the rate of the reaction.
Modulation of enzyme activity by binding to a small molecule - enzymes can also be regulated by binding a small molecule (i.e., a coenzyme, cofactor, or activator) to the enzyme, thus altering the conformation of the enzyme and causing it to be more or less active.
Modulation of the enzyme activity by binding to other macromolecules - another mechanism used by cells to control enzymatic activity is to bind the enzyme to other macromolecules. This can increase or decrease the enzyme activity, depending on the type of macromolecule that is bound. For example, if the enzyme is bound to an inhibitor, the activity of the enzyme will be decreased.
Overall, cells use a variety of mechanisms to control enzymatic activity, such as regulating enzyme concentration, regulating the substrate concentration, and modulating enzyme activity by binding to a small molecule, or binding to other macromolecules.
To know more about enzyme concentration, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/24618218#
#SPJ4
What causes the earth's cycle of day and night?
Select the words from the drop-down menus to correctly complete the explanation. IT'S SCIENCE NOT BIOLIGY!
The earth
Choose...
around its axis, which is an imaginary line
Choose...
. At any given moment, half of the earth faces
Choose...
the sun and has daytime, while the other half of the earth faces
Choose...
the sun and has nighttime.
Answer:The earth
rotates
around its axis, which is an imaginary line between the North and South Poles. At any given moment, half of the earth faces the sun and has
daytime, while the other half of the earth faces away from the sun and has nighttime.
Explanation: I took the test