a 0.686 meter long wire has a cross sectional area of 8.23 * 10 ( to power -6 ) meter² and a resistance of 0.125 at 20°C this wire could be made of:
1) aluminium
2) copper
3) tungsten
4) nichrome

In the described heat engine, the working fluid is steam. Steam is produced by heating water in the boiler using the heat generated by the nuclear reactor.

The high-pressure steam then turns the turbine, producing mechanical work, which is then converted into electrical energy. As the steam expands and loses its energy, it is condensed into water by rejecting heat to the atmosphere in the condenser.

This water is then pumped back into the boiler to be heated again and converted into steam, thus completing the cycle. Steam is an excellent working fluid for this type of heat engine because it has a high heat capacity, which means that it can store a lot of heat energy per unit mass.

Additionally, it undergoes a phase change when it is heated, which allows it to expand and produce mechanical work when it is under pressure. Finally, steam is readily available and relatively cheap to produce, making it an ideal choice for powering large-scale steam power plants.

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Complete question is:

A nuclear reactor is used to provide heat to a steam power plant. Within the heat engine, steam is generated in the boiler, the steam turns a turbine to produce power, and the steam is condensed by rejecting heat to the atmosphere before being pumped to the boiler again. Which substance is considered the working fluid in this heat engine? The water going through the boiler, turbine, and condenser

Explanation:

Watts =  amp * volts

watts/ volts = amps

1810 w / 120 v =  15.5 A

1440 w / 120 v = 12 A

60 w/ 120 v = .5 A

In reality, they are probably drawing ZERO amps     as the circuit breaker (15 Amps as given)  will likely trip or the wires will burn !

The current drawn by each device in a parallel circuit is determined by the resistance of each device.

Since the toaster has the highest resistance, it will draw the least amount of current, while the electric frying pan with the lowest resistance will draw the highest current. The lamp, being a light bulb, will draw a medium amount of current.

Using Ohm's law, the current drawn by each device can be calculated as follows:

Toaster:  1,810 W ÷ 120 V = 15.08 A

Electric Frying Pan: 1,440 W ÷ 120 V = 12 A

Lamp: 60 W ÷ 120 V = 0.5 A

Since all three devices are connected in parallel, the total current drawn from the outlet will be the sum of the individual currents drawn by each device, which is 15.58 A. This is below the maximum current rating of the circuit (15 A), so the circuit is safe.

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Answer:CFCs and halons cause chemical reactions that break down ozone molecules, reducing ozone's ultraviolet radiation-absorbing capacity

Explanation:

The distance between the two lenses must be greater than or equal to the sum of the focal lengths of the lenses when a telescope is used to focus on an infinitely distant object .

When a telescope is used to focus on an infinitely distant object and generate an infinitely distant image, the distance between the two lenses is equal to the sum of their focal lengths.

What is a telescope?A telescope is a tool used to magnify and concentrate the image of a distant object. Refracting and reflecting telescopes are the two main types of telescopes.

For the most part, a telescope utilizes a lens to collect and focus light. The focal length of the objective lens determines the magnification of the telescope.When the light rays leave the eyepiece and appear to have originated from the distant object, the image is formed.

The distance between the objective lens and the eyepiece is the key distance in a telescope. The length of the telescope's tube is also important because it determines the separation between the lenses and the lens's focal lengths. .

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The ground typically has a positive charge when a lightning strike occurs. This is because lightning results from the discharge of excess electrical energy between two charged regions, with one being negatively charged (the cloud) and the other positively charged.

Lightning strikes occur due to the discharge of excess electrical energy between two charged regions, typically between a negatively charged cloud and a positively charged ground.

Lightning can cause wildfires, power outages, and damage to infrastructure. It can also release nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere, which contribute to air pollution and can have negative effects on human health and the environment.

However, lightning can also provide beneficial effects by helping to replenish the ozone layer and providing nitrogen to plants.

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The momentum is directed to the left, the velocity is negative. Therefore, the velocity of the glider is -1.002 m/s to the left.

The momentum of an object is defined as the product of its mass and velocity:

momentum = mass x velocity

In this case, we are given the momentum of the glider, its mass, and its direction of motion. We can use these values to solve for the velocity of the glider.

First, we convert the mass of the glider from grams to kilograms:

mass = 127.8 g = 0.1278 kg

Next, we use the formula for momentum to solve for the velocity of the glider:

momentum = mass x velocity

-0.128 kgm/s = 0.1278 kg x velocity

velocity = (-0.128 kgm/s) / (0.1278 kg)

velocity = -1.002 m/s.

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The recoil velocity of the performer in meters per second is approximately 3.06 m/s. Since the performer is on nearly frictionless roller skates, he will move backward with this velocity after catching the cannonball.

In this scenario, we can apply the principle of conservation of momentum. The total momentum of the system (cannonball and performer) before the catch is equal to the total momentum after the catch. Since the performer is initially at rest, the momentum of the cannonball before the catch is equal to its mass times its velocity.

The momentum of the system after the catch is the sum of the momenta of the cannonball and the performer. Let's assume that the recoil velocity of the performer is v. Then, according to the conservation of momentum principle:

(mass of cannonball) x (velocity of cannonball) = (mass of cannonball + mass of performer) x (final velocity of the system)

Plugging in the given values, we get:

(78.0 kg) x (8.50 m/s) = (78.0 kg + 65.0 kg) x (v)

Solving for v, we get:

v = [(78.0 kg) x (8.50 m/s)] / (78.0 kg + 65.0 kg)

v ≈ 3.06 m/s

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Answer:

The velocity of a water wave depends on the properties of the medium through which it is propagating, such as the density and elasticity of the medium. It does not depend on the wavelength of the wave.

Therefore, if the wavelength of a water wave decreases, its velocity does not change. However, the frequency of the wave will increase, as frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional to each other for a wave with a constant velocity. This means that more waves will pass through a given point in a unit of time, which can affect other properties of the wave, such as its intensity and energy.

when a book slides down a slanted wall, the friction force on the book points out of the wall.

When a book slides down a slanted wall,  the direction of the friction force is the friction force on the book points out of the wall, according to the answer.The direction of the frictional force acting on the book is the force acting on an object in motion to oppose its motion, which points in the opposite direction of the movement.

If the book slides down a slanted wall, the frictional force must be directed out of the wall because it opposes the movement of the book, which is directed towards the wall.

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The foci points are approximately 6.75 feet away from the end walls.

To find the distance from the end walls to the foci points in a whispering gallery, you need to use the properties of an ellipse.

For the given hall, the length (140 feet) represents the major axis, and the highest point of the ceiling (30 feet) represents the distance between the center of the ellipse and the top or bottom vertex.
First, find the semi-major axis (a) and the semi-minor axis (b). Since the length is the major axis, divide it by 2 to get the semi-major axis:
a = 140/2 = 70 feet
The highest point of the ceiling is the distance from the center of the ellipse to the top vertex, which is equal to the semi-minor axis:
b = 30 feet
Now, use the formula for the distance between the center of the ellipse and the foci points, which is given by the equation:
c = [tex]\sqrt{(a^2 - b^2)}[/tex]
Plug in the values of a and b:
c = [tex]\sqrt{(70^2 - 30^2)}[/tex]
c = [tex]\sqrt{(4900 - 900)}[/tex]
c = [tex]\sqrt{(4000)}[/tex]
c = 20√10 feet
So, the distance between the center of the ellipse and each focus point is 20√10 feet.

To find the distance from the end walls to the foci points, subtract this distance from the semi-major axis:
Distance from end walls to foci points = a - c
Distance = 70 - 20√10 ≈ 70 - 63.25 ≈ 6.75 feet
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Answer:

S = 2 π R = 2 π * 6.0E6 m = 3.8E7m       distance traveled

t = S / v = 3.8E7 / 3.0E8 = .013 sec

1/8 sec is closest

An object traveling at the speed of light will take 0.125 s to circle the earth.The correct option is therefore 1/8 of a second (0.125 s).

Recall that the circumference of a circle is given as 2πr, where r is the radius. Therefore, the circumference of the Earth is given as:

C = 2πr = 2 x 3.14 x 6000 kmC = 37680 km

Therefore, the time it takes for an object traveling at the speed of light (300,000 km/s) to circle the Earth is given by:

T = Distance / SpeedT = 37680 km / 300000 km/sT = 0.1256 s

Therefore, it will take an object traveling at the speed of light about 1/8 of a second (0.125 s) to circle the Earth. Therefore, the correct option is 1/8 of a second (0.125 s).

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Remote-control toys make use of pulse code modulation.

Pulse-width modulation (PWM), pulse-position modulation (PPM), and more recently spread-spectrum technology are used in typical radio control systems for radio-controlled models, and servomechanisms are used to activate the various control surfaces. Digital modulation is used in all current infrared remote control designs. Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) and Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) are two fundamental types of digital modulation. (FSK).

Electronic communication is where amplitude modulation is most commonly utilised. This method is being utilised in numerous communication channels, including computer modems, citizens band radio, VHF aviation radio, and portable two-way radios.

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The initial kinetic energy of the box is 9.375 J.

The energy an object has as a result of motion is known as kinetic energy. A force must be applied to an object in order to accelerate it. We must put in effort in order to apply a force.

The initial kinetic energy of the box can be calculated by using the formula:

KE = 1/2 mv²

where

KE represents the initial kinetic energy,

m represents the mass of the box, and

v represents the initial velocity of the box.

As per given information in question,

Initial velocity (v) of the box = 2.5 m/s

Mass of the box (m) = 3 kg

Initial kinetic energy (KE)

= 1/2 × 3 kg × (2.5 m/s)²

= 9.375 J

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At 0.474 degrees angle the first-order maximum for 455-nm wavelength blue light falling on double slits separated by 0.0550 mm.

Using the formula for the first-order maximum in a double-slit experiment, we have:

sin(θ) = (mλ) / d

where θ is the angle of the first-order maximum, m is the order number (1 for first-order maximum), λ is the wavelength of the light (455 nm), and d is the separation between the slits (0.0550 mm).

First, let's convert the units: λ = 455 nm = 455 x 10^(-9) m, and d = 0.0550 mm = 0.0550 x 10^(-3) m.

Now, we can calculate sin(θ):

sin(θ) = (1)(455 x 10^(-9) m) / (0.0550 x 10^(-3) m)

sin(θ) ≈ 0.00827273

To find the angle θ in degrees, we take the inverse sine (arcsin) of the calculated value:

θ ≈ arcsin(0.00827273) ≈ 0.474 degrees

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(A) perpendicular distance = (1/2) x 96 cm = 48 cm = 0.48 mSo, torque = force x perpendicular distance from the pivot= 42 N x 0.48 m= 20.16 Nm (B)The magnitude of the torque when the force is exerted perpendicular to the door is 20.16 Nm, and the magnitude of the torque when the force is exerted at an angle of 60° to the face of the door is 14.380 Nm.

We know that a person exerts a horizontal force of 42 N on the end of a door 96 cm wide. We need to find the magnitude of the torque if the force is exerted perpendicular to the door and at an angle to the face of the door.

(a) Torque when the force is exerted perpendicular to the door, the torque is given by the formula:

Torque = force x perpendicular distance from the pivot

We can see that the force is perpendicular to the door. So, the perpendicular distance from the pivot is equal to the distance of the line of action of the force from the pivot, which is half the width of the door.

Therefore, perpendicular distance = (1/2) x 96 cm = 48 cm = 0.48 mSo, torque = force x perpendicular distance from the pivot= 42 N x 0.48 m= 20.16 Nm

(b) Torque when the force is exerted at an angle to the face of the door

When the force is exerted at an angle to the face of the door, the torque is given by the formula: Torque = force x perpendicular distance from the pivot x sin θ

Here, θ is the angle between the force and the perpendicular to the door. We need to find the perpendicular distance from the pivot, which is equal to the distance of the line of action of the force from the pivot along the perpendicular bisector of the door. Let us assume that the angle between the force and the door is θ = 60°. In this case, the perpendicular distance from the pivot can be calculated as follows:

Perpendicular distance = (1/2) x 96 cm x sin 60°

= (1/2) x 96 cm x (sqrt(3)/2)

= 48 cm x (sqrt(3)/2)

= 41.569 cm

= 0.4169 m

So, torque = force x perpendicular distance from the pivot x sin θ= 42 N x 0.4169 m x sin 60°

= 14.380 Nm

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When a camera remains in place but gradually moves to a closer or wider view of a scene, this is called a zoom.

A camera zoom is a cinematic effect that can be used to create a feeling of drama, movement, or excitement. It involves changing the focal length of a lens to make the subject appear closer or farther away without physically moving the camera itself.

When a camera remains in place but gradually moves to a closer or wider view of a scene, this is called a zoom.

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The relative velocity between the sound and the observer is the same as the speed of sound, which is 343 m/s. To calculate the relative velocity between the sound and the observer, we first need to know the speed of sound in the medium through which the sound is traveling.

Assuming the sound is traveling through air at room temperature, the speed of sound is approximately 343 meters per second (m/s).

Given the frequency (f) of 100 Hz, we can find the wavelength (λ) of the sound wave using the formula:

Speed of sound (v) = Frequency (f) × Wavelength (λ)

Rearranging the formula to find the wavelength:

Wavelength (λ) = Speed of sound (v) / Frequency (f)

Now, we can plug in the values:

λ = 343 m/s / 100 Hz = 3.43 meters

The relative velocity between the sound and the observer is the same as the speed of sound, which is 343 m/s. The frequency and wavelength of the sound do not affect the relative velocity between the sound and the observer.

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The current direction must come from the left side and out of its right side.

So option B is right choice.

The right-hand rule is a method that is frequently used in physics to determine the direction of the magnetic field produced by a current-carrying wire.

The direction of the magnetic field generated by the current is determined by the direction of the current. It can be determined by using a simple technique called the "Right-Hand Rule."

Position your right hand such that your thumb points in the direction of the current flow in the coil. Wrap your fingers around the coil in the direction of the magnetic field generated by the current. Curl your fingers around the coil in the direction of the magnetic field produced by the current, with your thumb pointing in the direction of the current.

The current direction in the coil that current enters from left side and comes out from right side.

The current direction in the coil is opposite to the magnetic field, hence it should be flowing from left to right.

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Question:-

Now use a right hand rule to determine the direction of the current in the coil that would produce the poles. The current direction must be:

A. Into the ammeter on both sides.

B. Into the ammeter's left side and out of its right side.

C. Out of the ammeter on both sides.

D. Into right side and out of its left side.

The mass attached to a 1,460 N/m spring will have a period of oscillation of 0.80 seconds. The period of oscillation of this system will be 0.80 seconds.

The mass attached to a 1,460 N/m spring will have a period of oscillation of 0.80 seconds.What is an oscillation?Oscillation is the repetitive variation of a variable around an equilibrium value. The motion of a body or system that varies between two points is called oscillation. A spring attached to a mass will make it oscillate when compressed and released.What is the formula to find the period of oscillation of a spring mass system?The formula for finding the period of oscillation of a spring-mass system is as follows:T = 2π√m/kwhere:T is the period of oscillationk is the spring constantm is the mass attached to the springSubstituting the values in the formula:T = 2π√m/kT = 2π√2.3/1460T = 2π√0.00158T = 0.80 seconds.

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This process involves sound waves that propagate through the material, making it behave like a fluid. The process described in the question is known as liquefaction.

which is the process by which solid soil or rock is transformed into a liquid-like state due to changes in pressure, stress, or other factors.

The term liquefaction is commonly used in the fields of geology, engineering, and materials science, and it refers to a wide range of phenomena in which solid materials become fluid-like due to the application of external forces.

In the case of long-runout debris flows, the jostling back and forth of fragments in the flow creates sound waves that cause the material to behave like a fluid, allowing it to travel long distances.

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"Two conducting spheres have radii of r1 and r2, with r1 greater than r2. If they are far apart the capacitance is proportional to: 1/r1 - 1/r2

The capacitance of two conducting spheres with radii r1 and r2, where r1 is greater than r2, and they are far apart is proportional to the difference in inverse radii. This can be written as:

C = k (A / d)

where C is the capacitance, k is the proportionality constant, A is the surface area, and d is the distance between the two spheres.

The surface area of a sphere is proportional to r^2,

so:C ∝ A = k (r1^2 + r2^2)

The inverse of capacitance is proportional to the difference in inverse radii,

so:1/C ∝ 1/(r1 - r2)

1/C = k' (1/r1 - 1/r2)

where k' is another proportionality constant, which combines with k to give the final constant of proportionality.

Therefore, the capacitance of two conducting spheres with radii r1 and r2, where r1 is greater than r2, and they are far apart is proportional to: 1/r1 - 1/r2.

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When the resistance of the load resistor is equal to the internal resistance of the battery, the power dissipated by the load resistor is maximum. This is known as the maximum power transfer theorem.

The maximum power transfer theorem in electrical engineering states that the power produced by a source and delivered to a load is at its highest when the resistance of the load is equal to the internal resistance of the source.

In other words, if the load is equal to the internal resistance of the source, maximum power will be transferred between the source and the load.

According to the theorem, the power transferred to the load is at its maximum when the resistance of the load is equal to the internal resistance of the source. To show that the power dissipated by the load resistor is maximum when the resistance of the load resistor is equal to the internal resistance of the battery, follow the steps mentioned below:

1. Calculate the output voltage V0 and the output current I0 for the load resistor (RL) and the internal resistance of the battery (Ri).

2. Calculate the power dissipated by the load resistor (PL) as a function of RL.

3. In order to find the maximum value of PL, we need to differentiate the above expression with respect to RL and set it to zero. We get RL = Ri.When RL = Ri, the power dissipated by the load resistor is at its maximum.

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When the rod is made stationary and subjected to an alternating bending moment of the same magnitude, the endurance limit is lower compared to the rotating rod with a steady bending moment. This is because the alternating stress cycles make the material more susceptible to fatigue failure.

In the student's question, there is a rotating rod in a system subjected to a steady bending moment. In the redesigned system, the rod is made stationary and an alternating bending moment of the same magnitude is applied. To determine the impact on the endurance limit, let's analyze both configurations step-by-step.
1. In the current configuration, the rotating rod is subjected to a steady bending moment. This means that the rod is experiencing constant stress over time. In this case, the endurance limit is defined as the maximum stress the rod can withstand for an infinite number of cycles without failure.
2. In the redesigned system, the rod is made stationary, and an alternating bending moment of the same magnitude is applied. This means that the rod experiences cyclic stress, where the stress varies from a maximum positive value to a maximum negative value. In this case, the endurance limit is lower compared to the constant stress situation, as the material is more prone to fatigue failure due to repeated stress cycles.

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Violet light of wavelength 407 nm ejects electrons with a maximum kinetic energy of 0.764 eV from a certain metal. the work function of this metal is approximately 4.1 eV.

We can use the following equation to relate the maximum kinetic energy of the ejected electrons to the work function of the metal and the energy of the incident photons:

Kinetic energy of expelled electrons = incident photon energy - metal work function

We are given the wavelength of the incident photons, which we can use to find their energy using the formula:

Energy of photon = hc/λ

where h = 6.626 x 10^-34 J s is Planck's constant, c = 3.00 x 10^8 m/s is the speed of light, and λ = 407 nm = 4.07 x 10^-9 m is the wavelength of the incident light.

Substituting the given values, we get:

Energy of photon = hc/λ

Energy of photon = (6.626 x 10^-34 J s) x (3.0 x 10^8 m/s) / (407 x 10^-9 m)

Energy of photon ≈ 4.86 eV

Now we can use the first equation to find the work function of the metal:

Work function of the metal = Energy of incident photons - Kinetic energy of ejected electrons

Work function of the metal = 4.86 eV - 0.764 eV ≈ 4.1 eV

Therefore, the work function of this metal is approximately 4.1 eV.

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The force exerted on the cord is equal to the force acting on the weight, which is 25 N.

To solve this problem, we'll apply Newton's second law of motion (F = ma) and work through each part step by step.

We know the force acting on the box (F_box) is 47 N. Using Newton's second law, we can find the mass of the box:

F_box = m_box * a

m_box = F_box / a

However, we don't know the acceleration yet. To find that, we'll first need to analyze the forces acting on the system.

We know the force acting on the weight (F_weight) is 25 N. The force is equal to the gravitational force acting on the weight:

F_weight = m_weight * g

m_weight = F_weight / g

where g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.81 m/s^2). Plugging in the values, we get:

m_weight = 25 N / 9.81 m/s^2 ≈ 2.55 kg

Now let's analyze the forces acting on the system. The net force acting on the box is the force exerted by the cord (F_cord), which is equal to the force acting on the weight (F_weight):

F_cord = F_weight

The net force acting on the box is also equal to the product of its mass and acceleration:

F_box = m_box * a

Since F_cord = F_weight = F_box, we can set up the following equation:

m_box * a = m_weight * g

We already know m_weight and g, so we can solve for the acceleration (a):

a = (m_weight * g) / m_box

We still need to find m_box. We can do this by rearranging the equation from part A:

m_box = F_box / a

Now, we have:

a = (m_weight * g) / (F_box / a)

Solving for a, we get:

a^2 = (m_weight * g) / F_box

a = sqrt((m_weight * g) / F_box)

Plugging in the values, we get:

a = sqrt((2.55 kg * 9.81 m/s^2) / 47 N) ≈ 0.86 m/s^2

Now that we have the acceleration, we can find the box's mass:

m_box = F_box / a ≈ 47 N / 0.86 m/s^2 ≈ 54.65 kg

The force exerted on the cord is equal to the force acting on the weight, which is 25 N.

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Therefore, the heat required to decrease the temperature of a 40 kg object by 30 K is 1,140,000 J.

The energy absorbed or released as a substance changes phases is known as latent heat. The amount of heat needed to raise a substance's temperature by one degree Celsius (or one Kelvin) in one gramme while maintaining a constant pressure is known as its specific heat.

The heat required to decrease the temperature of an object can be calculated using the formula:

Q = m * c * ΔT

where Q is the heat required, m is the mass of the object, c is the specific heat of the object, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

Given that the object has a mass of 40 kg and a specific heat of 950 J/kg*K, and the temperature needs to be decreased by 30 K, we can substitute these values in the formula to find the heat required:

Q = 40 kg * 950 J/kg*K * 30 K

Q = 1,140,000 J

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Ray could use metal bar 1 in a variety of ways to detect if metal bar 2 is a magnet.

Ray can use metal bar 1 (the magnet) to find out if metal bar 2 is also a magnet by performing the following steps:

Alternatively, Ray could also suspend metal bar 2 from a string and bring metal bar 1 near it. If metal bar 2 is a magnet, it will be attracted to metal bar 1 and start to swing towards it. If metal bar 2 is not a magnet, it will remain still.

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The students should look at the change in angular momentum on the y-axis of the graph and compare it to the angular impulse applied to the system, which should also be on the y-axis.

If the two values are equal, the angular momentum of the system is unchanged and the angular impulse applied to the system is equal to the change in angular momentum. If the two values are not equal, then the angular impulse applied to the system is not equal to the change in angular momentum.

The students should look at the x-axis of the graph and compare the time intervals of the angular impulse and the change in angular momentum to ensure they are the same. If the two time intervals are not equal, the angular impulse and the change in angular momentum are not equal and the angular impulse applied to the system is not equal to the change in angular momentum.

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The constant angular acceleration of the wheel is 43.9 rad/[tex]s^2[/tex].

We can use the formula for constant angular acceleration: ωf = ωi + αt

where:

ωi = initial angular velocity = 0 (as the wheel starts from rest)

ωf = final angular velocity = 95.0 rad/s

t = time interval = 6.00 s

α = constant angular acceleration (to be found)

We can also use the formula for the number of revolutions (N) in terms of angular displacement (θ): N = θ / (2π)

where θ is the total angular displacement. Since the wheel completes 25 revolutions, its total angular displacement is: θ = 25 * 2π = 50π

Using the formula for angular displacement with constant angular acceleration: θ = ωit + 0.5α*[tex]t^2[/tex]

Substituting the given values and simplifying:

50π = 0 + 0.5α(6.00)

α = 50π / (0.5*(6.00)^2) = 43.9 rad/[tex]s^2[/tex]

Therefore, the constant angular acceleration of the wheel is 43.9..

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