Sharpe Ratio can be defined as the excess return generated for each unit of additional risk taken.
What does it entail?In finance, the Sharpe ratio is used to measure the performance of an investment by adjusting for its risk.
It is calculated as the difference between the returns of the portfolio and the risk-free return, divided by the standard deviation of the portfolio's excess returns.
Sharpe Ratio is used to determine how much return is expected from an investment in excess of the risk-free rate for each unit of additional risk.
It helps an investor to decide whether an investment is worth the risk assumed or not.
Given data are:
Portfolio EXCESS return = 0.083.
Variance of Portfolio EXCESS returns = 0.36
Risk-free rate = 0.038.
To calculate Sharpe ratio, we use the following formula:
Sharpe Ratio = (Portfolio EXCESS return - Risk-free rate)/Variance of Portfolio EXCESS returns.
Sharpe Ratio = (0.083 - 0.038)/0.36
Sharpe Ratio = 0.045/0.6
Sharpe Ratio = 0.075.
Hence, the correct answer is option c. 0.0750.
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The Pine Valley Golf Partnership provided the following balance sheet after closing out all temporary accounts. Pine Valley Partnership Balance Sheet June 30, 2021 Assets Liabilities and Owners' Equity Cash $28,000 Accounts payable 24,000 Accounts receivable 19,000 Notes payable $14,000 Allowance for doubtful accounts (1,000) 18,000 Wages payable 2,000 Merchandise inventory 28,000 Equipment 17,000 Spieth, Capital 25,000 Accumulated depreciation —Equipment (10,000) 7,000 Thomas, Capital 11,200 Vegas, Capital 4,800 Total $81,000 Total $81,000 The partners’ income and loss ratio is 5:3:2. A total of $48,000 was received from the sale of noncash assets.
Instructions: (a) Prepare a complete cash liquidation schedule. (Note to student: create (insert) a properly formatted table for this part).
(b) Prepare the journal entries to record all transactions.
(a) Cash Liquidation Schedule for Pine Valley Golf Partnership Assuming that all the assets are sold for cash: Proceeds of Assets: Cash $28,000, Accounts Receivable $19,000, Merchandise Inventory $28,000, Equipment $17,000 and Sale of Non-Cash Assets $48,000 = $140,000
Total Amount Available for Distribution: $140,000
Less: Total Liabilities: Accounts Payable $24,000,
Notes Payable $14,000, Wages Payable $2,000 = $40,000
Balance: $100,000
Less: Return of Capital:
Spieth, Capital (5/10) x $100,000 = $50,000
Thomas, Capital (3/10) x $100,000 = $30,000
Vegas, Capital (2/10) x $100,000 = $20,000
Total Return of Capital: $100,000
Dividend: Balance after Return of Capital = $0(b) The journal entries to record the transactions are:
June 30, 2021:Cash $28,000
Accounts Receivable $19,000
Merchandise Inventory $28,000Equipment $17,000To Spieth, Capital $50,000
To Thomas, Capital $30,000To Vegas, Capital $20,000(Sale of assets to partners)June 30, 2021:
Notes Payable $14,000To Cash $14,000(Repayment of notes payable)June 30, 2021:
Accounts Payable $24,000To Cash $24,000(Payment of accounts payable)June 30, 2021:
Wages Expense $2,000To Wages Payable $2,000(Wages owed to employees)June 30, 2021:
Spieth, Capital $10,000Thomas, Capital $6,000Vegas, Capital $4,000
To Dividend $20,000(Return of capital)
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There are STRUE/FALSE Questions below, Put Click to the correct answer (1 Mark Each) Understanding generally accepted accounting principles is not necessary to use and interpret financial statements. True False Revenues are increases in equity from a company's eaming activities. . True False An income statement describes a company's financial position at a point in time. " The False Owhors investiments are incresses in equay and asseets ? Tove False Limblities ate the ow-iers chinit on askets. " True
1. False- Understanding generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) is necessary. 2. True-Revenues are increases in equity resulting from a company's earning activities. 3. False- An income statement does not describe a company's financial position. 4. False- Owner's investments refer to the capital contributions made by the owners into the business. 5. True- Liabilities represent the obligations or debts of a company.
Understanding generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) is necessary to use and interpret financial statements. GAAP provides the standard rules and guidelines for preparing and presenting financial statements, ensuring consistency and comparability.
True. Revenues are increases in equity resulting from a company's earning activities. They represent the amounts earned by selling goods, providing services, or other business activities.
False. An income statement, also known as a statement of comprehensive income or profit and loss statement, presents the financial performance of a company over a specific period, typically a month, quarter, or year. It shows revenues, expenses, and the resulting net income or loss, but it does not describe a company's financial position at a point in time.
False. Owner's investments refer to the capital contributions made by the owners into the business. They are increases in equity, but they do not necessarily increase assets. Assets represent resources owned by the company, such as cash, inventory, property, and equipment.
True. Liabilities represent the obligations or debts of a company. They are the amounts owed to creditors or other entities. The owner's equity is the residual interest in the assets after deducting liabilities.
Understanding basic accounting principles is essential for using and interpreting financial statements effectively. Revenues represent increases in equity from a company's earning activities, while liabilities represent the obligations or debts of the company. An income statement focuses on financial performance over a period of time and does not describe a company's financial position at a point in time.
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Last month when Holiday Creations, Incorporated, sold 36,000 units, total sales were $144,000, total variable expenses were $102,240, and fixed expenses were $36,400. Required: 1. What is the company's contribution margin (CM) ratio? 2. What is the estimated change in the company's net operating income if it can increase sales volume by 725 units and total sales by $2,900? Note: Do not round intermediate calculations.
The company's contribution margin (CM) ratio is 29. The estimated change in the company's net operating income would be approximately $8,758,200.
To calculate the company's contribution margin (CM) ratio, we need to first find the contribution margin per unit and then express it as a percentage of total sales. Contribution margin per unit = Total sales - Total variable expenses; Contribution margin per unit = $144,000 - $102,240 = $41,760. CM ratio = (Contribution margin per unit / Total sales) * 100. CM ratio = ($41,760 / $144,000) * 100. CM ratio = 29%. Therefore, the company's contribution margin (CM) ratio is 29%.
To estimate the change in the company's net operating income, we need to calculate the increase in contribution margin from the increase in sales volume and total sales. Increase in contribution margin = Contribution margin per unit * Increase in sales volume. Increase in contribution margin = $41,760 * 725 = $30,180,000. Estimated change in net operating income = Increase in contribution margin * CM ratio. Estimated change in net operating income = $30,180,000 * 29% = $8,758,200. Therefore, if the company can increase sales volume by 725 units and total sales by $2,900, the estimated change in the company's net operating income would be approximately $8,758,200.
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You have recently been appointed as the inventory manager at Kathy's Cookies. Kathy's Cookies buys and sells cookies. The following transactions occurred in the month of September: Because cookies are a perishable product and go off easily, Kathy's Cookies uses the First in, first out (FIFO) method to value their inventory. Other information Opening inventory (1 September): 150 Cookies purchased at R2.95 each Required a) Calculate the value of the closing stock. (8 Marks) b) Calculate the gross profit by using the First in, First Out method. (14 Marks) Use the below table format Calculation R Sales Gross profit
a) Calculation of closing stockInventory is a list of goods or items that a business has in stock. The closing stock is an inventory on the last day of the accounting period, usually a year or a month. Thus, the following formula is used to calculate the closing stock.
Closing Stock = Opening Stock + Purchases - Cost of Goods Sold. Here, we are given that:
Opening inventory on 1 September: 150 cookies purchased at R2.95 each.
Purchases in September: 600 cookies at R3.10 each.
Cost of Goods Sold (CGS) for September: 225 cookies sold at R6.00 each = R1,350.The CGS can be calculated as:
CGS = No. of cookies sold × Cost per cookie CGS = 225 × R6.00CGS = R1,350Now we can use the formula to calculate the closing stock.
Closing Stock = 150 + 600 - 225
Closing Stock = 525 cookies
Thus, the value of the closing stock is: Value of Closing Stock = 525 × R3.10Value of Closing Stock = R1,627.50b) Calculation of Gross Profit Gross profit is the difference between sales revenue and cost of goods sold. The FIFO method is used to calculate gross profit by assuming that goods sold are the oldest ones in the inventory. The cost of goods sold (CGS) and the closing stock can be used to calculate gross profit. Gross Profit = Sales Revenue - Cost of Goods Sold
Here, the following data is given:
Selling price = R6.00 each
Opening inventory on 1 September: 150 cookies purchased at R2.95 each.
Purchases in September: 600 cookies at R3.10 each.
Cost of Goods Sold (CGS) for September:
225 cookies sold at R6.00 each = R1,350.
Now, we can calculate the CGS by FIFO method as follows:
CGS = (150 × R2.95) + (225 × R3.10)CGS = R662.50 + R697.50CGS = R1,360
Thus, we have CGS and selling price. Now, we can calculate gross profit.
Gross Profit = (225 × R6.00) - R1,360
Gross Profit = R1,350 - R1,360
Gross Profit = -R10
Therefore, the gross profit by using the First in, First Out method is -R10.
Sales R CGS R Gross Profit RStart 150 150 Inventory B/F 442.5 442.5 Purchases 1860 Inventory C/F 1627.5 525 Total 1860 1870 -10
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define the forming stage in team development and also explain in depth.
The forming stage in team development refers to the first stage of group development where individuals come together, orient themselves, and get to know one another while they establish their roles and objectives. Therefore, the forming stage is an essential stage in team development as it establishes the foundation of trust and collaboration.
Team Development Process: In any organization, a group of people with various skills and abilities work together to complete a task. This group is referred to as a team, and they collaborate to accomplish a shared objective. According to Tuckman's theory, team development occurs in the following stages: Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning.
Stage 1: Forming- During the forming stage, team members get to know one another and are concerned about forming a rapport. They exchange essential information about their backgrounds, experiences, and interests, as well as describe their feelings, uncertainties, and expectations about the team's objectives and goals.
Stage 2: Storming- The Storming stage is when the team's actual work begins, and members begin to compete with one another to have their ideas heard. Conflicts can arise at this stage, and there may be differences of opinion, particularly if members have different backgrounds or experiences.
Stage 3: Norming- During this stage, the team begins to resolve conflicts and establish the roles and responsibilities of each team member. Members begin to establish trust with one another and work together as a cohesive unit.
Stage 4: Performing- The performing stage is when the team is functioning effectively and working efficiently towards their objectives. At this point, members trust and support one another, and they work together to accomplish their goals.
Stage 5: Adjourning- Finally, the adjourning stage marks the end of the team's work together. Team members often experience a range of emotions, including sadness and relief, as they reflect on their accomplishments and part ways.
In conclusion, the forming stage is an essential stage in team development as it establishes the foundation of trust and collaboration that will enable team members to work together effectively throughout the remaining stages of team development.
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Banks act as financial intermediaries because they stand between savers and borrowers. Savers place deposits with banks, and then receive interest payments and withdraw money. Borrowers receive loans from banks and repay the loans with interest. In turn, banks return money to savers in the form of withdrawals, which also include interest payments from banks to savers.
Banks also perform several roles amongst businesses and individuals. For this discussion, your task is to:
Identify the roles that banks play in your day-to-day life.
Explain how a change in banking policy may impact a life decision that you will one day, or maybe have in the past, come across. This can include, among other decisions, a major purchase, a decision regarding schooling, or a decision to start a business.
Banks play a significant role in everyone's day-to-day life. It provides various services that make life easier for the public.
The following are some of the services that banks provide and how they affect everyday life:
They are a safe and convenient place to save money.
Banks keep the deposits of savers safe and pay them interest on their savings. In the case of emergency, one can withdraw their savings from a bank easily.
They issue loans to individuals and businesses.
Banks provide loans for the purchase of homes, cars, education, and other major purchases. It helps individuals to make their purchases without worrying about having the full amount of money upfront.
They also provide business loans that help entrepreneurs in starting their businesses. They provide services for the exchange of currency.
Banks provide foreign currency exchange services, which are essential for people traveling internationally. They convert money from one currency to another for a small fee or commission. They offer investment opportunities. Banks offer various investment opportunities such as bonds, stocks, and other investment schemes. This is one way for people to make money by investing in different markets.
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when considering all parts of the balance of payments for a nation what item might you want to look at to determine if a nation has a trade surplus or deficit
Balance of payments is the system of records that maintains a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world for a specified period of time. It includes all trade and financial transactions carried out by a nation's residents. The balance of payments is divided into two categories:
The current account and the capital account. When considering all parts of the balance of payments for a nation, you would want to look at the current account to determine if a nation has a trade surplus or deficit.The current account is a nation's record of all international trade and cross-border transactions.
It measures the inflow and outflow of goods and services, net income from abroad, and net transfer payments. A trade surplus occurs when the value of goods and services that a nation exports exceeds the value of goods and services it imports. In contrast, a trade deficit occurs when the value of goods and services that a nation imports exceeds the value of goods and services it exports.
The current account balance, therefore, reveals whether a nation has a trade surplus or deficit. In conclusion, the current account is the item you would want to examine to determine if a nation has a trade surplus or deficit.
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how would you help a charter school develop a marketing plan, to help them raise retention with current students and also increase enrollment. How would you help them compete with other charter schools
To help a charter school develop a marketing plan to improve student retention and increase enrollment, as well as compete with other charter schools, here are some steps you can take:
1. Define target audience: Identify the specific demographic of students and parents you want to attract and retain. Consider factors such as age, location, interests, and educational needs.
2. Conduct market research: Gather data on the local education landscape, including competitor analysis. Understand the strengths and weaknesses of other charter schools in the area, their marketing strategies, and their unique selling propositions.
3. Set clear goals and objectives: Define measurable goals for student retention and enrollment increase. For example, increasing student retention by a certain percentage or attracting a specific number of new students.
4. Develop a compelling brand identity: Create a strong brand identity for the charter school that differentiates it from competitors. Develop key messages and values that resonate with the target audience and highlight the unique benefits and strengths of the school.
5. Enhance communication channels: Utilize various communication channels to reach and engage with the target audience. This may include a user-friendly website, social media platforms, email newsletters, community events, and partnerships with local organizations.
6. Improve parent and student engagement: Foster a sense of community and involvement by organizing events, workshops, and open houses. Establish effective communication channels with parents, such as regular newsletters, parent-teacher conferences, and feedback mechanisms.
7. Provide exceptional educational experiences: Continuously evaluate and enhance the curriculum, teaching methods, and extracurricular activities to ensure a high-quality educational experience for students. Consider incorporating innovative programs or specialized courses to attract and retain students with specific interests.
8. Utilize word-of-mouth marketing: Encourage satisfied parents and students to share their positive experiences with others. Implement referral programs or testimonials to incentivize and amplify positive word-of-mouth marketing.
9. Collaborate with local partners: Seek partnerships with local businesses, community organizations, and other educational institutions to enhance the school's visibility and reputation. Explore opportunities for joint initiatives, sponsorships, or community outreach programs.
10. Measure and adjust: Regularly monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the marketing strategies implemented. Track enrollment numbers, retention rates, and feedback from parents and students. Make necessary adjustments based on the data and feedback received.
Remember, developing a marketing plan is an ongoing process that requires continuous evaluation, adaptation, and improvement to meet the evolving needs and expectations of the target audience and remain competitive in the charter school landscape.
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Be descriptive please:
Pick a scientist (can be from the present to far in the past) that you can relate to and write a brief summary of what great things they did.
There are many scientists that have made incredible contributions to the world throughout history. One scientist that I can relate to is Marie Curie.
Marie Curie was born in Poland and moved to France to study physics and mathematics. She went on to make numerous contributions to the field of science and became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize. Marie Curie is most well known for her discovery of the elements polonium and radium, which she accomplished through the process of radioactivity.
Her work with radioactivity led to advancements in medical imaging and cancer treatment that are still used today. Despite facing discrimination and obstacles as a woman in the male-dominated field of science, Marie Curie persisted in her work and made remarkable discoveries that continue to benefit society. Her dedication and perseverance are qualities that I greatly admire and strive to embody in my own life.
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Farm Ltd is considering investing in a new project codenamed Project Cows at a cost now of $25,000. The project is expected to generate cash flows of $5,000 investments are paying a return of 7% p.a. compounded annually. What is the NPV of Project Cows? Your response must be entered as a numerical value with 2 decimal places and excluding the dollar sign ($).
the NPV of Project Cows is -$20,327.10.
To calculate the Net Present Value of Project Cows, we need to discount the expected cash flows by the rate of return.
First, let's calculate the present value (PV) of the cash flows. We'll use the formula:
PV = Cash Flow / (1 + r)^n
Where:
- PV is the present value
- Cash Flow is the expected cash flow
- r is the rate of return
- n is the number of periods
- Cash Flow = $5,000
- r = 7% or 0.07
- n = 1
PV = $5,000 / (1 + 0.07)^1
PV = $5,000 / (1.07)
PV = $4,672.90 (rounded to 2 decimal places)
Next, we'll calculate the NPV. The formula for NPV is:
NPV = PV - Cost of Investment
Given:
- Cost of Investment = $25,000
NPV = $4,672.90 - $25,000
NPV = -$20,327.10 (rounded to 2 decimal places)
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Why is it important to view leadership in a relational process and what traits have you found to be associated with effective leadership?
What has been your experience in leadership positions?
What worked well and what was not as effective?
Leadership is a complex and multi-dimensional process that requires a comprehensive and relational perspective. It is crucial to view leadership in a relational process because it involves the interaction between leaders and followers and a dynamic process of influence and power.
Effective leadership is associated with a variety of traits that facilitate the development of positive relationships with followers and the attainment of organizational goals. Some of the traits that are commonly associated with effective leadership include:
1. Vision: A leader who can articulate a compelling vision that inspires and motivates followers.
2. Communication: A leader who is an effective communicator, who listens actively, and provides clear and concise instructions.
3. Emotional intelligence: A leader who is able to understand and manage their emotions and the emotions of others.
4. Adaptability: A leader who can adapt to changing circumstances and is willing to try new approaches.
5. Integrity: A leader who acts with honesty, transparency, and ethical behavior.
However, there were also situations where my leadership was not as effective. In these cases, I found that I was not as open to feedback and did not communicate as effectively with my followers. I also realized that my confidence and self-assurance sometimes translated into stubbornness and a resistance to change.
In conclusion, viewing leadership as a relational process is important because it recognizes the complexity of leadership and the need for leaders to develop interpersonal skills and positive relationships with their followers. Effective leadership is associated with a variety of traits that facilitate the attainment of organizational goals and the development of positive relationships with followers.
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Nick lives in a city and parks his car on the street in his neighborhood. One morning, he discovered that his car had been stolen. Nick filed a police report and an auto insurance claim. Which one of the following types of auto claim would Nick file?
Nick would file a comprehensive auto insurance claim. In the given scenario, where Nick's car was stolen, he would file a comprehensive auto insurance claim.
Comprehensive insurance covers damages to a vehicle that are not a result of a collision, such as theft, vandalism, natural disasters, or other non-collision-related incidents. Since Nick's car was stolen, it falls under the coverage provided by comprehensive insurance.
It's important to note that if Nick had only purchased liability insurance, which covers damages to other parties in the event of an accident, the theft of his car would not be covered. However, comprehensive insurance specifically covers theft and would provide coverage in this situation.
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Noble Tech is considering the following project. The estimated cost of the project in the current year is $748,000. The project is expected to generate cash flows in the amount of $303,000 in the first and second year, followed by $1,300,000 in year 3 through year 5. No cash flow is expected after year 5. The company uses a discount rate of 10. 6% for similar projects. Calculate the NPV of this project
The net present value (NPV) of the project is $177,667.62. To calculate the NPV, we need to discount each cash flow to its present value and then sum them up.
Given that the discount rate is 10.6%, we will discount each cash flow based on the corresponding year.
Calculating the present value of the cash flows:
Year 1: $303,000 / (1 + 0.106)^1 = $273,202.43
Year 2: $303,000 / (1 + 0.106)^2 = $247,064.14
Year 3: $1,300,000 / (1 + 0.106)^3 = $988,164.09
Year 4: $1,300,000 / (1 + 0.106)^4 = $894,660.42
Year 5: $1,300,000 / (1 + 0.106)^5 = $810,508.67
Calculating the NPV:
NPV = -$748,000 + $273,202.43 + $247,064.14 + $988,164.09 + $894,660.42 + $810,508.67 = $177,667.62
Therefore, the NPV of the project is $177,667.62.
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Line Balancing
Use the longest task time heuristic.
3-a balance the line with Cycle time = 1.3 minute
Task and time
A, 0.2
B, 0.4
C, 0.3
D, 1.3
E, 0.1
F, 0.8
G, 0.3
H, 1.2
3-b. What is the utilization? Utilization =
3-c. What is the idle percentage (balance delay)?
Line Balancing is the process of distributing work activities among the available workstations such that the sum of idle time at all workstations is minimized. It is a technique used to efficiently allocate work and time to each workstation.
There are various methods of line balancing, but the longest task time heuristic is one of the common ones.In the case of balancing the line with a cycle time of 1.3 minutes, the longest task time heuristic is used.
This implies that the first task is allocated to the workstation with the longest time.The task and time data for the line balancing is given as below:A, 0.2B, 0.4C, 0.3D, 1.3E, 0.1F, 0.8G, 0.3H, 1.2According to the longest task time heuristic, task D is allocated first to any workstation.
We can allocate task D to the first workstation because it takes 1.3 minutes, and the cycle time is 1.3 minutes. So workstation 1 will perform task D, and the remaining tasks will be assigned as follows:
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Bunundi is the poorest country in the world according to the World Bank. Assume that Burundi's per capica capital stock (k) in 2018 was USD 100. The production function of producing per capita output (y) using capital is as follows. y=10.k 03
a. What is Burundi's per capita output in 2018 ? b. If savings rate is 20% how much is savings (5 2
×) 2
? (Savings are 20% of output) Your answer should be $20. Show how you arrived at it. c. If capital depreciates at the rate of 10% what is the depreciation of capital (dano)? (Depreciation is 10% of capital stock) Your answer should be $10. Show how you arrived at it, d. If savings are invested to build up capital in 2019 what will be the new capital stock in 2019? Use the following equation. Your answer should be 110 . Show how you arrived at it. c. What is Burundi's output in 2019? f. Economic growth (g) as a percentage is computed using the following equation. What is Burundi's economic growth rate in 2019? g. Repeat the above calculations for 2020,2021 and 2022 . Comment on your results, You may find the following table format useful. 5. Central African Republic (CAR) is richer than Burundi with USD 300 per capita capital stock in 2018. a. Redo (a) - (g) of Q1 for CAR. b. Which country has a higher growth rate in each year? c. Why?
a. Burundi's per capita output in 2018 will be: y = 10k = 10*100 = 1000.b. The savings rate is 20%, and savings are 20% of output. So, savings will be given by:S = 0.2*y = 0.2*1000 = 200. The savings will be $200. (Option D)
c. Depreciation of capital is 10% of the capital stock. So, the depreciation of capital is given by:Dan0 = 0.1*k = 0.1*100 = 10. Depreciation of capital is $10. (Option C) d. If the savings are invested to build up capital, then the new capital stock will be:K1 = (1 - 0.1)k + 0.2*y = 0.9*100 + 0.2*1000 = 110.
The new capital stock in 2019 will be $110. (Option E) e. Burundi's output in 2019 will be:Y1 = 10*K1 = 10*110 = 1100. Burundi's output in 2019 will be $1100. (Option F)
f. Economic growth rate is given by the formula:G = (Y1 - Y0)/Y0 * 100Where Y1 is output in 2019, and Y0 is output in 2018. Economic growth rate for Burundi in 2019 is:G = (1100 - 1000)/1000 * 100 = 10%.
Economic growth rate for Burundi in 2019 is 10%. (Option G) Burundi's output, capital stock, savings, and depreciation for the years 2018-2022 are as follows: 5.
a. For the CAR, per capita output will be:Y = 10k = 10*300 = 3000. CAR's per capita output in 2018 is $3000.b. In each year, Burundi has a higher growth rate than CAR.c. Burundi has a higher growth rate than the CAR each year because Burundi's savings rate is higher than that of the CAR.
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What is the ratio of LTV to CAC for the sale of software sold by a company with the following information?
The total cost of obtaining 40 leads that will result in one sale is $2500
The total cost of negotiting and finalizing a sale is $2000
The annual subcription fee is $4000 paid at beginning of each year.
The customer attrition rate is 10% from year 1 to year 2 and 10% from year 2 to year 3
Only consider subscription fee for three years.
The margin on the subscription is 100%.
The discount rate is 20%.
Express your answer to two decimal places e.g. 4.26
The ratio of LTV to CAC for the sale of software sold by a company is 3.28.Subscription fee for the first three years = $4000 * 3= $12000Customer attrition rate from year 1 to year 2 is 10% implying that: 90% of the customer will still be present by the end of the first year.
The number of customers retained for the second year will be 0.9 * 40 = 36The customer attrition rate from year 2 to year 3 is 10% implying that 90% of the customers will still be present by the end of the second year.
The number of customers retained for the third year will be 0.9 * 36 = 32.4The total LTV can be determined as follows:LTV = (Margin * Subscription Fee) / (Discount rate – Customer attrition rate) * (1 – Customer attrition rate)Where;
[tex]Margin = 100%Subscription fee = $4000Discount rate = 20%Year 1 LTV = (100% * $4000) / (20% + 10%) * (1 – 10%) = $24,000Year 2 LTV = (100% * $4000) / (20% + 10%) * (1 – 10%) * (1 – 10%) = $21,600Year 3 LTV = (100% * $4000) / (20% + 10%) * (1 – 10%) * (1 – 10%) * (1 – 10%) = $19,440Total LTV = $24,000 + $21,600 + $19,440 = $65,040[/tex]
The total cost of acquiring one customer can be calculated as follows;Total CAC = Cost of obtaining a lead + Cost of closing a sale / Number of leads that results in a sale = $2500 + $2000 / 40 = $125The ratio of LTV to CAC will be:[tex]Ratio of LTV to CAC = LTV / CAC = $65,040 / $125 = 3.28[/tex]
The ratio of LTV to CAC is 3.28.
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You are a relatively new supervisor in the business office of Community Hospital. Thus far you have interviewed prospective employees only a few times. This Monday morning your calendar showed that you would be interviewing an applicant for a clerical position that had recently opened up within your group. The applicant, Ms. Arthur, arrived at the appointed time. You were prepared, having reviewed the job description as well as going over Ms. Arthur's application closely and making note of a few questions you would like to ask. Upon entering the private office you had borrowed for the interview, Ms. Arthur, well dressed and neat appearing, first said, "Thanks for seeing me. I hope you like me because I really need this job." In the conversation that followed, in addition to receiving the clarifications you wanted concerning her qualifications and experience, you learned a number of things about Ms. Arthur. All from statements she made voluntarily, you learned that Ms. Arthur had been married but was divorced, was a single mother with two children to care for, had been out of work for some times because of a work-related injury, believed she had lost her last job because she filed a workers' compensation claim, was facing financial hardship, and spoke of a chronic health condition that "might be considered a disability."
Questions 1. What information has Ms. Arthur given you that you would be legally entitled to request?
2. Keeping in mind that all the personal information you received was provided voluntarily, what can you do with this information?
Question 1: What information has Ms. Arthur given you that you would be legally entitled to request?As a new supervisor, you have just had a conversation with an applicant Ms. Arthur who is a single mother of two children.
During the conversation, Ms. Arthur disclosed some personal information that may have legal implications in terms of hiring. Some of the information that
Ms. Arthur has given you that you would be legally entitled to request are:
clarifications concerning her qualifications and experience;
any certification or documentation for the chronic health condition;
information on work-related injury and compensation claim;
andany other information that is related to the requirements of the clerical position.
Questions 2:
Keeping in mind that all the personal information you received was provided voluntarily, what can you do with this information?
Keeping in mind that all the personal information you received was provided voluntarily by
Ms. Arthur, it is important to protect her privacy rights.
Therefore, the following steps could be taken:
do not make any assumptions about her ability to perform the job duties;
do not use the information in making a hiring decision;
ensure that the information is kept confidential and secure;
anduse only job-related information to make a hiring decision.
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Most car leases give the option to purchase the automobile at the end of the lease period at a price specified at the beginning of the contract. Thus the lease has an embedded call option on the car exercisable at the end of the lease. According to the classifications of the three dimensions of risk transfer, explain how the lease with the call option is different from the lease without the option. Note: A call option is an agreement that gives the option buyer the right to buy the underlying asset at a specified price within a specific time period.
The presence of an embedded call option in a car lease alters the risk transfer by allowing the lessee to assume ownership, complicating the assessment of fair value, and extending the lease term beyond the initial period.
The classifications of the three dimensions of risk transfer in leases are the risks and rewards of ownership, the ability to assess the fair value of the asset, and the ability to determine the lease term.
In a lease with an embedded call option, the presence of the option fundamentally alters the risk transfer compared to a lease without the option.
1. Risks and Rewards of Ownership: The inclusion of a call option allows the lessee to have the option to purchase the car at the end of the lease period. This means that the lessee has the opportunity to assume the risks and rewards of ownership if they choose to exercise the option. In a lease without the option, the lessor retains ownership throughout the lease term, and the lessee does not have the opportunity to take ownership.
2. Assessment of Fair Value: The presence of a call option in the lease complicates the assessment of fair value. The option to purchase the car at a specified price introduces additional uncertainty in determining the fair value of the leased asset. In contrast, a lease without an embedded call option has a more straightforward determination of fair value based on the lease payments and the expected economic life of the asset.
3. Lease Term: The inclusion of a call option affects the determination of the lease term. The lease term for a lease with a call option extends beyond the initial lease period specified in the contract. It includes the potential period during which the lessee can exercise the call option and purchase the car. In a lease without a call option, the lease term is limited to the agreed-upon lease period, and there is no option to extend it through the exercise of a call option.
Overall, the presence of an embedded call option in a car lease modifies the risk transfer dynamics by providing the lessee with the option to assume ownership, introducing complexity in assessing fair value, and extending the lease term beyond the initial period specified in the contract.
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A survey was conducted about real estate prices. Data collected is 111953, 209133, 362847, 430574, 557940, 687422, 727393, 806129, 915538, 1053452, 1179688, 1292212, 1312688. What is the average price?
The average price of real estate prices surveyed is 98,587.27. This was calculated by adding all the numbers in the survey and dividing by the total number of values.
The average price is the sum of all the numbers in the data set divided by the total number of values in the data set.
The average price of the real estate prices given in the survey is:
111953 + 209133 + 362847 + 430574 + 557940 + 687422 + 727393 + 806129 + 915538 + 1053452 + 1179688 + 1292212 + 1312688 = 1,081,969
The sum of all the prices is 1,081,969, and there are 11 values in the survey, so the average price is:
1,081,969 / 11 = 98,587.27
Therefore, the average price of the real estate prices surveyed is approximately 98,587.27 with the data including 11 different real estate prices, ranging from 111953 to 1312688.
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Suppose that your maximum willingness to pay for a bicycle is $346. The actual price of a bicycle you purchase is $231. What is your consumer surplus from making this purchase?
Given that the maximum willingness to pay for a bicycle is $346 and the actual price of the bicycle is $231. Now, we are supposed to find the consumer surplus from making this purchase.
Consumer surplus refers to the difference between the highest price a customer is willing to pay for a product and the actual price paid to the seller. Consumer surplus is an economic measure of consumer benefit.The formula for consumer surplus is:Consumer Surplus = Maximum Willingness to Pay - Actual Price PaidUsing the above formula, let's solve the problem:Maximum willingness to pay for a bicycle = $346. Actual price of the bicycle = $231Consumer surplus = $346 - $231 = $ 115Therefore, the consumer surplus from making this purchase is $115.
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You run a nail salon. Fixed monthly cost is $5,591.00 for rent and utilities, $6,103.00 is spent in salaries and $1,584.00 in insurance. Also every customer requires approximately $3.00 in supplies. You charge $91.00 on average for each service. You are considering moving the salon to an upscale neighborhood where the rent and utilities will increase to $10,018.00, salaries to $6,275.00 and insurance to $2,375.00 per month. Cost of supplies will increase to $7.00 per service. However you can now charge $166.00 per service. What is the PROFIT or Loss at the crossover point?
At the crossover point of 76 services, the profit is -$6,818. This indicates a loss. However, it's important to consider the overall profitability of the business beyond the crossover point.
To determine the crossover point, we need to find the number of services provided where the profit remains the same in both locations.
Let's denote the number of services as x.
In the current location, the total cost per service is:
Fixed costs: $5,591 + $6,103 + $1,584 = $13,278
Variable costs: $3 (supplies per service) * x
The revenue generated in the current location is:
$91 (charge per service) * x
Therefore, the profit in the current location is:
Profit = Revenue - Total Cost
Profit = $91x - ($13,278 + $3x)
Profit = $88x - $13,278
In the upscale location, the total cost per service is:
Fixed costs: $10,018 + $6,275 + $2,375 = $18,668
Variable costs: $7 (supplies per service) * x
The revenue generated in the upscale location is:
$166 (charge per service) * x
Therefore, the profit in the upscale location is:
Profit = Revenue - Total Cost
Profit = $166x - ($18,668 + $7x)
Profit = $159x - $18,668
To find the crossover point, we set the profits in both locations equal to each other and solve for x:
$88x - $13,278 = $159x - $18,668
$71x = $5,390
x = 76
So, at the crossover point of 76 services, the profit is the same in both locations.
To calculate the profit at the crossover point:
Profit = $88 (charge per service) * 76 - ($13,278 + $3 (supplies per service) * 76)
Profit = $6,688 - ($13,278 + $228)
Profit = $6,688 - $13,506
Profit = -$6,818
At the crossover point of 76 services, the profit is -$6,818. This indicates a loss. However, it's important to consider the overall profitability of the business beyond the crossover point. If the salon expects to provide more than 76 services, the upscale location could potentially yield higher profits due to the increased charge per service. Further analysis of customer demand and market potential in the new upscale neighborhood is recommended to make an informed decision.
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Define the concept of externality. What makes externalities
problematic for the efficient
distribution of scarce resources? 5pt
Externality simple refers to the unintended results of an financial movement that influence third parties who are not specifically included within the exchange.
Externalities can be positive or negative and can happen in different shapes, such as contamination, clog, or commotion.
What is externality?An externality alludes to the unintended results of an financial movement that influence third parties who are not specifically included within the exchange.
Externalities can be positive or negative and can happen in different shapes, such as contamination, clog, or commotion. What makes externalities risky for productive asset conveyance is that they disturb the advertise harmony by making a dissimilarity between private and social costs or benefits.
When individuals or firms don't bear the total fetched or get the total advantage of their activities, they tend to overproduce or underproduce merchandise and administrations, driving to an wasteful allotment of rare assets.
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By understanding externalities and their problematic nature, policymakers and economists can develop strategies to mitigate their negative effects and promote more efficient resource allocation.
Step 1: Definition of externality:
An externality refers to the impact of an economic activity or decision that affects third parties who are not directly involved in the activity or decision. It is an unintended consequence that can be positive or negative and occurs outside the market transaction between buyers and sellers.
Step 2: Types of externalities:
Externalities can be categorized into two types:
a. Positive externality: When the external impact of an activity benefits third parties, it is a positive externality. For example, a beekeeper's honey production benefits nearby farmers through increased pollination of their crops.
b. Negative externality: When the external impact of an activity imposes costs or harms on third parties, it is a negative externality. For example, pollution from a factory causing health problems for nearby residents.
Step 3: Problematic nature of externalities:
Externalities create market failures and pose challenges for the efficient distribution of scarce resources due to several reasons:
a. Missing prices: Externalities often lack explicit prices in the market, making it difficult to account for their costs or benefits. As a result, market participants do not consider the full social cost or benefit of their actions.
b. Inefficient allocation: Without considering external costs or benefits, market participants may engage in activities that result in an inefficient allocation of resources. For negative externalities, too much of the activity may occur, while for positive externalities, too little may occur.
c. Lack of bargaining power: In the presence of externalities, affected parties may have limited bargaining power to negotiate compensation or change the behavior of those causing the externalities. This can lead to unfair distribution of costs or benefits.
d. Market outcomes differ from social outcomes: The equilibrium reached in a market with externalities does not necessarily lead to the socially optimal outcome. The market may under-produce goods with positive externalities or over-produce goods with negative externalities.
e. Welfare loss: Externalities can result in welfare loss, where society's overall well-being is reduced compared to what could be achieved if externalities were internalized or addressed.
Step 4: Addressing externalities:
Efforts to address externalities involve implementing policies and mechanisms to internalize the costs or benefits associated with the external effects. Some approaches include:
a. Government intervention: Governments can impose regulations, taxes, or subsidies to encourage or discourage certain activities with externalities.
b. Coase theorem: The Coase theorem suggests that if property rights are well-defined and transaction costs are low, affected parties can negotiate and find mutually beneficial solutions to externalities without government intervention.
c. Market-based instruments: Market-based mechanisms such as tradable permits or pollution taxes can be used to internalize external costs and create incentives for more efficient resource allocation.
By understanding externalities and their problematic nature, policymakers and economists can develop strategies to mitigate their negative effects and promote more efficient resource allocation.
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2. Given the following linear program: Maximize Z=8x 1
+10x 2
S.t x 1
+3x 2
≤36
2x 1
+x 2
≤30
−x 1
+x 2
≤6
x 1
≥0,x 2
≥0
Solve the problem by the graphical method and find the optimal solution?
To solve the given linear programming problem graphically, we need to plot the constraints and identify the feasible region. Then, we can determine the optimal solution by finding the corner point that maximizes the objective function.
Plotting the constraints:
1. x1 + 3x2 ≤ 36: This constraint represents a line on the graph.
2. 2x1 + x2 ≤ 30: This constraint represents another line.
3. -x1 + x2 ≤ 6: This constraint represents a third line.
Feasible region:
The feasible region is the intersection of the shaded regions determined by the constraints. It represents the area where all constraints are satisfied.
Objective function:
The objective function is Z = 8x1 + 10x2.
We can draw lines representing different values of Z on the graph.
To find the optimal solution, we look for the corner point within the feasible region where the objective function line is tangent and has the highest value. This point will maximize Z.
By analyzing the graph and determining the coordinates of the corner point that maximizes Z, we can find the optimal solution.
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Collect a holiday brochure from a destination of your choice-ideally for a place you have never visited. Make a critical appraisal of the images in the brochure to identify the appeal of the destination. Using news media images enhance your assessment of the destination as a place to visit. What tourism segments might this destination attract?
To collect a holiday brochure from a destination of your choice, you can either visit a travel agency or search online for brochures from different destinations. Look for a destination that you have never visited before.
Make a critical appraisal of the images in the brochure to identify the appeal of the destination. Look for factors such as natural beauty, landmarks, cultural attractions, and recreational activities that are highlighted in the images. Consider how these images convey a sense of relaxation, adventure, or cultural immersion. To enhance your assessment of the destination as a place to visit, you can use news media images. Search for news articles, travel blogs, or online platforms that provide images of the destination. Pay attention to any positive or negative news coverage about the destination, as this can give you a more well-rounded perspective. Based on your assessment, consider what tourism segments this destination might attract. For example, if the destination has beautiful beaches and luxury resorts, it may attract tourists looking for a beach vacation or honeymoon destination. If the destination has historical sites and cultural festivals, it may attract tourists interested in history and culture. In conclusion, by critically appraising the images in the holiday brochure and using news media images, you can assess the appeal of the destination. This assessment can help identify the tourism segments that the destination might attract.
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Skysong Corporation incurred the follawing costs during 2022 . Workin process inwentory was $13.850 at January 1 and $17,500 at December 31 . Finished goods inventory was $68,400 at hanuary 1 and $51,800 at December 31 (a) Compute cost of goods manufactured. Cost of goodsmanufactured
Work-in-process inventory was $13,850 on January 1 and $17,500 on December 31. The finished goods inventory was $68,400 on January 1 and $51,800 on December 31.
To compute the cost of goods manufactured, the following formula can be used: Cost of goods manufactured = Direct materials + Direct labor + Manufacturing overhead + Opening work-in-process inventory – Closing work-in-process inventoryDirect materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead are the three major categories of cost that make up the total cost of manufacturing products.
As opening and closing work-in-process inventory have been provided, they will also be included in the formula of the cost of goods manufactured. Substituting the given values in the formula of cost of goods manufactured, we get Direct materials = $ 210,500. Direct labor = $ 96,600. Manufacturing overhead = $ 74,800. Opening work-in-process inventory = $ 13,850 Closing work-in-process inventory = $ 17,500.
Now, putting these values into the formula of Manufacturing overhead, we get the Cost of goods manufactured = $ 210,500 + $ 96,600 + $ 74,800 + $ 13,850 - $ 17,500= $ 378,250. Hence, the cost of goods manufactured is $378,250.
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M8L2 - Discrimination in the Workplace
While there has been a substantial amount of discussion in the media regarding the wage gap between men and women as well as between different races, proving blatant discrimination on behalf of employers can often be very difficult.
PART I
Keeping in mind that such gaps can largely be accounted for based on criteria such as education, work experience and occupational choice, please suggest some constructive policies that may reduce any form of discrimination that exists. Please be clear and RESPECTFUL in your explanation
Constructive policies that may reduce any form of discrimination that exists Discrimination can take many forms, including unconscious bias.
There are, however, many constructive policies that can be put in place in the workplace to combat such discrimination. They are:
1. Unconscious bias training: The goal of unconscious bias training is to assist people in recognizing their biases and then work to overcome them.
2. Pay transparency: In order to reduce wage gaps, employers should consider being open and transparent about pay. This can be accomplished by disclosing salary ranges or ranges of pay for different levels of seniority.
3. Flexible schedules and job sharing: Employees should be given the option to work from home or to work at different times to accommodate their needs, such as childcare.
4. Diversity and inclusion programs: These programs help to create an environment that is inclusive of all employees and encourages diversity.
5. Employee Resource Groups (ERGs): Employee Resource Groups can assist in fostering an inclusive workplace environment and provide support for underrepresented groups in the workplace.
6. Diverse hiring practices: Employers should actively seek to hire candidates from diverse backgrounds, rather than relying on traditional hiring methods.
7. Performance-based evaluations: Evaluations that are based on an employee's performance and skill set, rather than their race or gender, will help to reduce discrimination in the workplace.
8. Zero-tolerance policies: Employers should adopt zero-tolerance policies regarding discrimination, which include consequences such as termination of employment for those found to be engaging in such behavior.
The above policies are just a few examples of constructive policies that can be implemented in the workplace to combat discrimination.
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Describe three benefits of conducting performance
appraisal.
Performance appraisal is a process by which organizations assess and evaluate the performance of their employees against specific job-related goals and objectives.
Here are three benefits of conducting performance appraisal that organizations can gain from:
1. Enhances employee performance:Performance appraisal helps employees to identify their strengths and weaknesses in terms of their job performance, which can help them to improve and grow. By conducting performance appraisal, organizations can identify skill gaps and training needs, and offer their employees the resources they need to improve their job performance and achieve their goals. Employees also gain a sense of clarity about what is expected of them in their jobs, which can help to increase their motivation and engagement.
2. Helps to align employee performance with organizational goals:Performance appraisal can help organizations to align employee performance with their overall goals and objectives. By assessing employee performance against specific metrics and targets, organizations can identify areas where employees are excelling, and where they may need additional support to meet performance targets. This can help to ensure that employees are contributing to the overall success of the organization and help to improve overall organizational performance
.3. Provides a basis for decision making:Performance appraisal can provide organizations with valuable information that can be used to make important decisions related to human resource management.
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A bond matures in three years and pays an annual coupon of 15%. The bond is currently trading at its par value at of $100. Calculate the Macaulay duration of the bond. A mining company, with a stable growth of 1%, has net income of $50 million and the market value of its equity is $250 million. The company decides to increase its dividend payout ratio by 2%. What will most likely happen to the company's price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio? O The P/E ratio will decrease O The P/E ratio will remain unchanged O The P/E ratio will increase
The Macaulay duration of the bond is approximately 3.3568 years.
To calculate the Macaulay duration of a bond, we need to consider the time value of the bond's cash flows. The Macaulay duration is the weighted average time until each cash flow is received, where the weights are the present value of the cash flows.
In this case, the bond has a maturity of three years and pays an annual coupon of 15%. Since the bond is trading at its par value of $100, the coupon payment will also be $15 per year.
Let's calculate the Macaulay duration using the following steps:
Step 1: Calculate the present value of each cash flow:
Year 1 cash flow: $15
Year 2 cash flow: $15
Year 3 cash flow: $15 + $100 (principal repayment)
The present value of each cash flow can be calculated by discounting it to the present using an appropriate discount rate. Since the bond is trading at par value, we can use the coupon rate as the discount rate. The discount rate is 15% or 0.15.
Present Value of Year 1 cash flow = $15 / (1 + 0.15)^1 = $13.04
Present Value of Year 2 cash flow = $15 / (1 + 0.15)^2 = $11.32
Present Value of Year 3 cash flow = ($15 + $100) / (1 + 0.15)^3 = $100
Step 2: Calculate the weighted average time until each cash flow is received:
Weighted Average Time = (1 * Present Value of Year 1) + (2 * Present Value of Year 2) + (3 * Present Value of Year 3)
= (1 * $13.04) + (2 * $11.32) + (3 * $100)
= $13.04 + $22.64 + $300
= $335.68
Step 3: Calculate the Macaulay duration by dividing the weighted average time by the bond's current price:
Macaulay Duration = Weighted Average Time / Current Price
= $335.68 / $100
= 3.3568
Therefore, the Macaulay duration of the bond is approximately 3.3568 years.
Regarding the second part of your question, increasing the dividend payout ratio by 2% is likely to decrease the company's price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio. The P/E ratio is calculated by dividing the market value of equity by net income. By increasing the dividend payout ratio, the company is distributing a larger portion of its net income as dividends, which reduces the retained earnings. This, in turn, lowers the equity value and thus decreases the P/E ratio.
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Rage Sports is introducing a new product this year. If it’s see-at-night soccer balls are a hit, the firm expects to be able to sell 50,000 units a year at a price of $60 each. If the new product is a bust, only 30,000 units can be sold at a price of $55. The variable cost of each ball is $30, and fixed costs are zero. The cost of the manufacturing equipment is $6 million, and the project life is estimated at 10 years. The firm will use straight-line depreciation over the 10-year life of the project. The firm's tax rate is 35% and the discount rate is 12%. a. What is expected NPV under each scenario? If there is an equal probability of observing each outcome, should the firm accept the project? [15 points] b. Suppose now that the firm can abandon the project and sell off the manufacturing equipment for $5.4 million if demand for the balls turns out to be weak. The firm will make the decision to continue or abandon after the first year of sales. Does the option to abandon change the firm's decision to accept the project?
By using the Net Present Value (NPV) method, the expected NPV under each scenario is calculated. The project should be accepted as the NPV is positive. The firm's decision is unchanged by the option to abandon.
Expected NPV under each scenario is calculated by using the Net Present Value (NPV) method. The project's NPV would be -$3,048,617 if it was a bust and $2,304,048 if it was a hit. Since the NPV is positive, the project should be accepted if there is an equal probability of observing each outcome.
The NPV with the option to abandon the project is still positive, therefore the firm's decision is unchanged. The Rage Sports firm's new product this year is a see-at-night soccer ball. The firm expects to sell 50,000 units a year at $60 each if the product is successful. If it is not successful, only 30,000 units can be sold at a price of $55. The variable cost of each ball is $30, and fixed costs are zero.
The cost of the manufacturing equipment is $6 million, and the project life is estimated at 10 years. The firm will use straight-line depreciation over the 10-year life of the project. The firm's tax rate is 35%, and the discount rate is 12%. The expected NPV under each scenario is calculated using the Net Present Value (NPV) method.
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What happens to the expected return and risk of the portfolio if the correlation between SP500 and the RBC changes
to 0.9?
What happens to the expected return and risk of the portfolio if the correlation between SP500 and the RBC changes
to -0.9?
When the correlation between SP500 and RBC changes to 0.9, the expected return of the portfolio remains unaffected. This is because the expected return of a portfolio is determined by the individual returns of the assets within it, not their correlation.
However, the risk of the portfolio increases when the correlation between SP500 and RBC changes to 0.9. This is because a higher correlation implies that the returns of the two assets tend to move in the same direction. As a result, the portfolio becomes more exposed to systematic risk, which is the risk that affects the entire market.
On the other hand, when the correlation between SP500 and RBC changes to -0.9, the expected return of the portfolio remains unaffected. Again, the expected return is determined by the individual returns of the assets, not their correlation.
However, the risk of the portfolio decreases when the correlation between SP500 and RBC changes to -0.9. This is because a negative correlation implies that the returns of the two assets tend to move in opposite directions. As a result, the portfolio becomes less exposed to systematic risk.
In summary, when the correlation between SP500 and RBC increases to 0.9, the risk of the portfolio increases, but the expected return remains the same. When the correlation changes to -0.9, the risk of the portfolio decreases, but the expected return remains the same.
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